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[DOC File]SUFFRAGE AMENDMENTS- 15, 19, 23, 24, 26
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The Pollock Court found that the income tax was a direct tax which could only be imposed if the tax was apportioned; since this tax was not apportioned, it was found unconstitutional. In an effort to circumvent this decision, the 16th Amendment was proposed by Congress in 1909 and ratified by the states in 1913.
16th amendment not ratified

[DOC File]SUPREME COURT CASES Re: taxes on labor
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Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy. Progressives/Old Guard. Election of 1910. National Progressive Republican League. ... John Schrank. 16th Amendment (1913) 17th Amendment (1913) Underwood Tariff (1913) Federal Reserve Act (1913) Clayton Act (1914) World War I.
arguments against the 16th amendment

[DOC File]Introduction
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Just two years after the amendment was ratified, the tax was tested in the case of Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad, 240 US 1 (1915). In both this landmark decision, as well as other subsequent rulings, the Supreme Court identified the income tax under the 16th amendment as an indirect tax in the nature of an excise tax.
first amendment controversial issues

[DOC File]HIST 4291 U
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To settle the controversy, The Thirteenth Amendment was proposed by Congress on Jan. 31, 1865 and ratified by 3/4s of the States 8 months after the end of the Civil War on Dec. 6, 1865. The amendment forbids slavery in the United States and in any area under its control.
16th amendment not legally ratified

[DOC File]Unit 9 Review Sheet
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What was the controversy surrounding the Payne-Aldridge Act? Tariff passed by Taft, angered Progressives because tariffs reduces more foreign competition which helps big business. ... 16th amendment. 17th amendment. 18th amendment. 19th amendment. Anti-Saloon League. Woman’s Christian Temperance Union. Settlement Houses/Jane Addams.
16 amendment ratified

[DOCX File]www.scasd.org
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What was the controversy surrounding the Payne-Aldridge Act? 34. To whom did the phrase “bully pulpit” apply and what did it mean? ... What was the Equal Rights Amendment? 40. When did the progressive momentum come to an end? Terms- Women’s suffrage movement. ... 16th amendment. 17th amendment. 18th amendment. 19th amendment. Anti-Saloon ...
16th amendment problem

[DOC File]2 Constitution Prohibits Direct Tax on Wages
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1916: Brushaber vs. Union Pacific Railroad, 240 U.S. 1. Established that the 16th Amendment had no affect on the constitution, and that income taxes could only be sustained as excise taxes and not as direct taxes. ... and the controversy is over so much of it as was attributable to the income from shipping goods to foreign countries and there ...
14th amendment issues today

[DOC File]IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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16th Amendment, 1971 . Visit to China, February 1972 . Visit to Russia, May 1972 . Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), 1972 . Kissinger and "shuttle diplomacy," 1973-1975 . Wounded Knee, South Dakota, 1973 . Allende regime in Chile overthrown with the help of the CIA, September 1973 . Agnew resigns, 1973 . Nixon resigns, August 9, 1974
was 16th amendment ratified

[DOC File]Major Events and Achievements by Presidential Administrations
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5. 1913 16th Amendment Income tax – Populist goal. Republican in fighting. Progressive wing of Republican Party angry at Taft for: Support of Payne-Aldrich Tariff raising tariff rates. Taft fires Pinchot – Controversy over Alaskan Public lands. Secretary of Interior Ballinger wants to open the lands for sale and development – Taft side ...
16th amendment not ratified

Tax protester Sixteenth Amendment arguments - Wikipedia
Introduction. In the late Spring of the year 1990, our small beach town in Northern California was visited by a minor political controversy. A local writer for the weekly newspaper, a man named Kirby Ferris, had a number of neighbors buzzing about his recent sequence of articles challenging the 16th Amendment, the so called "income tax" amendment in the U.S. Constitution.
arguments against the 16th amendment

16th amendment controversy