Actual self vs ideal self

• [PDF File]The Michelangelo Phenomenon - Northwestern University

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  Whether images of the ideal self constitute vague yearnings or clearly articulated mental representations, dreams and aspira-tions serve a crucial function, providing direction to personal growth strivings and thereby helping people reduce the discrep-ancy between the actual self and the ideal self (Higgins, 1987).

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• [PDF File]The Compensatory Consumer Behavior Model: How Self ...

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  self-discrepancy, or an inconsistency between one’s ideal and actual self (Higgins, 1987). For example, a person who fails an important test might view himself as unintelligent, and thus experience a self-discrepancy between how he currently sees himself (i.e., unintelligent) and how he wants to see himself (i.e., intelligent).

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• [PDF File]Self and Identity

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  tates using the self to make sense and make choices, using the self as an important per­ ceptual, motivational and self-regulatory tool. This feeling of knowing oneself is based in part on an assumption of stability that is central to both everyday (lay) theories about the self and more formal (social science) the­ ories about the self.

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• [PDF File]CHAPTER 02 WHO AM I? - University of Washington

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  subcategories: (a) the material self, (b) the social self, and (c) the spiritual self. 1. Material self The material self refers to tangible objects, people, or places that carry the designation my or mine. Two subclasses of the material self can be distinguished: The bodily self and the extracorporeal (beyond the body) self.

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• Effects of Social Media on Self-Image of Emerging Adults

  EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SELF-IMAGE OF EMERGING ADULTS 4 appearance and they will also feel closer to their ideal selves. However, if individuals have a negative self-image they will be less confident in their thoughts and appearance, they will also feel further away from their ideal selves (Ackerman, 2019). A positive self-image appears to be

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• The Role of Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior

  The two dimensions of self that have received the most theoretical consideration and empirical support are actual self and ideal self (Graeff, 1996a). Some of these studies include the examination of the roles of ideal and actual self-image in purchase intentions (Achouri & Bouslama, 2010; Souiden, M’Saad & Pons, 2011) and brand preference

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• [PDF File]International Journal of Research in Marketing

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  flect only actual, and not ideal, versions of the self (Back et al., 2010), we show that by using brands as subtle cues, consumers do in-deed communicate idealized versions of their selves, and even more so in aggregate than their actual selves. Overall, this research builds

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• [PDF File]Karen Horney's Vision of the Self

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  Self-idealization gives rise to yet a third self, the "despised self," which is what we feel ourselves to be when we fail to live up to the unrealistic demands we make upon ourselves, which Horney calls our "shoulds." Horney also posits an "actual self," which is who we really are at any given time. The actual self is a mixture of the

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• [PDF File]Self-Discrepancy Theory and Body Image

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  one’s actual self and one’s ideal/ought selves. According to SDT, perceiving a discrepancy between one’s actual self and one’sideal self (actual-ideal discrepancy) should elicit dejection-related emo­ tions, such as dissatisfaction and depression, because one’s hopes and wishes have been unfulfilled. In contrast, perceiving a dis­

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• Self Concept, Ideal Self Concept, and Consumer Purchase ...

  than was ideal self-image for each of six brands of automobiles and magazines, even though it was hypoth-esized that ideal self-image would be more congruent with the relatively more conspicuous automobiles. The present study sought to clarify the relative im-portance of self- and ideal self-image to the purchase intentions of consumers.

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• [PDF File]Drawing the Ideal Self Prompt Sheet - A Personal Construct ...

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  Self) and in the handbook, Drawing the Ideal Self: A Personal Construct Technique to Explore Self Esteem which can be downloaded from my website www.drawingtheidealself.co.uk . Part 1: Drawing the kind of person you would not like to be like The person Think about the kind of person you would not like to be like. ...

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• [PDF File]Self-Discrepancy: A Theory Relating Self and Affect

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  cies between the actual/own self-state (i.e., the self-concept) and ideal self-states (i.e., representations of an individual's beliefs about his or her own or a sitmifieant other's hopes, wishes, or aspirations for the individual) signify the absence of positive outcomes, which is associated with dejection-related

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• [PDF File]Promotion and Prevention: E. Tory Higgins Running Head ...

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  actual, ideal, and ought self-states are defined (as described earlier). On each subsequent page there is a question about a . different self-state, such as "Please list the attributes of the type of person you think you actually are" or "Please list the

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• [PDF File]The Ideal of Self-Fulfillment - Princeton University

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  The Ideal of Self-Fulfillment. 1.1. SELF-FULFILLMENT: PRO AND CON. Self-fulfillment is a traditional ideal that has been exalted in both West­ ern and non-Western cultures. While it continues to exert fascination for philosophers, psychologists, theologians, and ordinary people, it has

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• [PDF File]ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH

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  ing their actual self (vs. ideal self). The objective of Study 1b was to examine the effect of temporal distance on the choices of familiar brands that served as a means of presenting consumer s self. Study 1a One hundred twenty adults from across the US (63 men; age 18 69, M

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• [PDF File]Instrument Title: Self-Discrepancy Instrument Author ...

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  actual self-concept and ideal self-concept), and which attributes mismatch (i.e., an attribute on one self-concept list is the opposite or an antonym of an attribute on . another self-concept list). Synonyms and antonyms are operationally defined in terms of Roget s Thesaurus. Repeat the process for the actual self-concept list and

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• [PDF File]The Ideal Road Not Taken: The Self-Discrepancies Involved ...

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  Self-Discrepancy Theory and Regulatory Focus Higgins (1987) described three elements that make up a per-son’s sense of self: the actual, ideal, and ought selves. A person’s actual self is her representation of the attributes she (or others) believes she possesses. The ideal self is her representation of the

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• [PDF File]Can You See the Real Me? Activation and Expression of the ...

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  The true self is thus conceptually distinct from both the ideal self or possible selves on the one hand and the actual self on the other, because Rogers (1951) viewed the true self of his clients as actually existing psychologically (i.e., a present, not a future version of self), but not fully expressed in social life (i.e., not the actual self).

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