Biological factors in development

    • How do genetic factors affect child health outcomes?

      It is rare that any one of these factors determine child health outcomes, or that they act in a simple causal fashion. While there are some genetic causes that act in a direct linear causal fashion to threaten health and wellbeing, multiple factors usually interact with each other in a more complex fashion to influence outcomes.


    • How does development affect a child's development?

      For example, development in a child’s motor skills, such as crawling and reaching and grasping (physical development), will allow them to explore both their environment and the objects in this environment, leading to a greater understanding of their surroundings (cognitive development).


    • Does the environment influence early childhood development?

      While genetic factors play a role in shaping children’s development, evidence indicates that the environment has a major influence during early childhood (21). Early Childhood Development: Early childhood development (ECD)1 is a generic term that refers to a child’s cognitive, social, emotional and physical development.


    • What are the different theories of child development?

      There are a number of broad theories of child development and some of these will be reviewed in this section. These will include psychodynamic, learning, cognitive-developmental, ethology and evolutionary psychology, and bioeco- logical theories.


    • [PDF File]Introduction to Child Development - SAGE Publications Inc

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      words, the relative roles played by biological and genetic factors as opposed to envi-ronmental factors in shaping development. Nature refers to the role of biology and genetics and nurture to the role of experience and other environmental factors. Advocates of the nature position see development as a process of maturation, with


    • [PDF File]Effects of poverty on interacting biological systems ...

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      • Poverty-associated risk factors affect child development partly through synergistic biological pathways that overlap and interact; key biological pathways include changes in energy metabolism that affect somatic and neural functioning and growth, immune activation resulting in acute or chronic inflammation and dysregulation,


    • [PDF File]FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CHILD HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT

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      There are many factors, both biological and environmental, that impact on child health and development – genetic, familial, environmental, community and societal. It is rare that any one of these factors determine child health outcomes, or that they act in a simple causal fashion.


    • Genetic Influence on Family Systems: Implications for Development

      ship to biological factors provides an excellent op-portunity to test and revise developmental theories that combine biological and psychosocial data. John Gottman (1994) has pioneered the integra-tion of family process and psychophysiological data. Janice Kielcolt-Glaser has taken the initiative in relating family process and immunological data


    • [PDF File]E I I D Maternal and Environmental Influences on Perinatal ...

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      In this article, Alexandra O’Sullivan and Catherine Monk explore the biological and behavioral pathways through which the physical and psychological toll of environmental experiences such as poverty, trauma, pollution, lack of access to good nutrition, and systemic disadvantage is transmitted from mother to child, thus impairing fetal and infant...


    • [PDF File]Early Childhood Development and Disability

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      discussion paper WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Early childhood development and disability: discussion paper. 1.Child development. 2.Disabled children 3.Child welfare. 4.Child health services. I.World Health Organization. II.UNICEF. ISBN 978 92 4 150406 5 NLM classification: WS 368) World Health Organization 2012 All rights reserved.


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