Difference between rate and price
[DOC File]Standard Costs and Variance Analysis - CPA Diary
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A difference between standard costs used for cost control and budgeted costs . A. Can exist because standard costs must be determined after the budget is completed. B. Can exist because standard costs represent what costs should be while budgeted costs represent expected actual costs. C. Can exist because budgeted costs are historical costs while standard costs are based on engineering studies ...
[DOC File]The major formulas for present value (these will reappear ...
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Know the difference between annualized yield and effective yield. Example: Problem Set #2, Q1, Q2, and Q7. Bond Arbitrage: If two cash flow streams are identical, assuming credit quality is the same for both, the present value of these two cash flows should be the same. Arbitrage opportunity implies that two or more cash flows at the same date are price at different spot rates. If cash flows ...
[DOCX File]Comparison of Major Contract Types
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The final contract price is based on a comparison between the final negotiated total costs and the total target costs. A FPIF contract is appropriate when: A firm fixed-price contract is not suitable . The nature of the supplies or services being acquired and other circumstances of the acquisition are such that the contractor's assumption of a degree of cost responsibility will provide a ...
[DOC File]Chapter 12: EMISSION TAXES AND SUBSIDIES
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A further difference between taxes and subsidies is on their effect on total emissions from an industry. Although an emission subsidy like we have described would have the same incentive for each individual source, total emissions may actually increase. To understand why, note the difference in the financial position of this firm when it emits 25 tonnes of pollutant under the two programs ...
[DOC File]Chapter 7--Standard Costing and Variance Analysis
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The formula for price/rate variance is (AP - SP) x SQ. 6. The price variance reflects the difference between the quantity of inputs used and the standard quantity allowed for the output of a period. 7. The usage variance reflects the difference between the price paid for inputs and the standard price for those inputs. 8. The formula for usage variance is (AQ - SQ) * SP. 9. The point of ...
[DOC File]Chapter 9--Standard Costing: A Functional-Based Control ...
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Price (rate) variance is the difference between the actual and standard unit price of an input multiplied by the number of inputs used. b. Usage (efficiency) variance is the difference between the actual and standard quantity of inputs multiplied by the standard unit price of the input. c. Unfavorable (U) variances occur whenever the actual prices or usage are greater than the standard. d ...
[DOC File]Chapter 12--Activity-Based Costing
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To classify an activity means to recognize the difference between it and other activities for different purposes. a. For product costing purposes, activities can be classified as primary or secondary. (1) A primary activity is consumed by a final cost object (e.g., a product or customer). (2) A secondary activity is consumed by intermediate cost objects (e.g., primary activities, materials, or ...
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