Dunham kruger effect

    • Occurrence of blood-borne tick-transmitted parasites

      factors – rain and grazing (Dunham, Robertson & Grant, 2004) – as well as competition for grazing with cattle in one case in Zimbabwe (Dunham, Robertson & Swanepoel, 2003). The demise in numbers is cause for concern and reserves are developing strategies in an attempt to explain this phenomenon, and cope with it, notably Kruger National Park (Grant & Van der Walt, 2000). The purpose of ...

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    • Elephant Management: Why Can't We Throw out the Babies ...

      potential historical effect of artificial water supply on elephant in Kruger cannot be disentangled from the recovery of past hunting, and may only be inferred from surface-water availability across the landscape. (3) Redfern et al. (2005) suggested that boreholes in KNP had a negligible effect on the general vicinity to water due to numerous ponds or river pools linked to dry season ...

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    • Directive interactions and early vocabulary development ...

      Kruger, 1986; Pappas Jones & Adamson, 1987). The studies which have examined the effect of a directive environment on language developmen itn diffe many respectr ye almosts t unanimously conclude that the influence on the child' iss languag a negative onee . This effect has been found with childre of various agen s and level of linguistis c

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    • [PDF File]The Influence of Veterinary Control Fences on Certain Wild ...

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      Dunham et al. (2004) showed that the population per-formance of tsessebe in Kruger National Park was strongly correlated with the long-term cumulative surpluses and deficits above and below the mean annual rainfall. Martin (2003a) observed thattheeffectappears toextend toroan in areas that are on the margin of acceptable rainfall (i.e.,

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    • [PDF File]Large herbivore population performance and climate in a ...

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      The Kruger National Park (KNP) is situated in north-eastern South Africa and represents a large (approximately 2 000 000 ha) semi-arid savanna system, covering an altitudinal range of between 200 m a.s.l. and 700 m a.s.l. The KNP south of the Olifants River falls within the lowveld bushveld climatic zone (500 mm – 700 mm rain per year),

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    • [PDF File]A clear and present danger: impacts of poisoning on a ...

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      (Bennett, 2015; Booth & Dunham, 2016) the illegal ivory trade and poaching of elephants has seen the development of a major threat to vultures and other scavengers: vultures being targeted deliberately by elephant poachers in an attempt to prevent the circling birds alerting authorities to the presence of poachers (Ogada et al., 2016a).

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    • [PDF File]Perceiving referential intent: Dynamics of reference in ...

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      ing (Moore & Dunham, 1995, and papers therein), which revealed the social-attentive behaviors that arise in spontaneous parent– child interactions during object play, as recorded either in the lab or home (e.g., Harris, Jones, Brookes, & Grant, 1986; Tomasello & Farrar, 1986; Tomasello, Mannle, & Kruger, 1986; Tomasello & Todd, 1983). These ...

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    • [PDF File]Pacific Salmon Conservation: Designating Salmon Habitat ...

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      In effect, Reiman and Dunham (2001) suggest that creating a reserve system is less useful than protecting important processes across the landscape, given the uncertainties of . 5 metapopulation structure for salmonid species. Such a strategy may be inherently more satisfying, but very difficult to quantify and implement. However, any conservation strategy that considers the implications of ...

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    • [PDF File]Investigation On Ion Implantation Models Impact On I-V ...

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      processing that could effect on the final results [1-2]. Analytical models are based on the reconstruction of implant profiles from the calculated or measured distribution moments. There are four different analytical implant models that consider for implantation according the temperature, impurity, time and particles energy [3]. Gaussian implant model that is using the Gaussian distribution ...

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