Key structures for c4 photosynthesis

    • [PDF File] 11. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS - C3, C4 AND CAM

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/11-photosynthetic-pathways-c3-c4-and-cam.pdf

      Dark reaction or Blackman’s reaction or Path of carbon in photosynthesis This is the second step in the mechanism of photosynthesis. The chemical processes of photosynthesis occurring independent of light is called dark reaction. It takes place in the stroma of chloroplast. The dark reaction is purely enzymatic and it is slower than the light

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    • [PDF File] CHAPTER 13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/chapter-13-photosynthesis-in-higher-plants.pdf

      ‘photosynthesis’, a physico-chemical process by which they use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds. Ultimately, all living ... By the middle of the nineteenth century the key features of plant photosynthesis were known, namely, that plants could use light energy to make carbohydrates from CO 2 and water. The empirical ...

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    • [PDF File] Comparison of C3, C4 and CAM Photosynthesis - Mrs.

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/comparison-of-c3-c4-and-cam-photosynthesis-mrs.pdf

      Problem with C3 pathway under high light intensity and high temperatures Oxygen omitted by the light reactions dissolves in the cytosol. The higher the temperature (30°C and above) the more oxygen that dissolves in the cytosol. RUBISCO can bind to both CO2 and O2. High CO2, Low O2 – favors carboxlyase activity (continue in Calvin cycle)

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    • [PDF File] Name: KEY Date: Period: Photosynthesis: Making Energy

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/name-key-date-period-photosynthesis-making-energy.pdf

      Photosynthesis in pictures Photosynthesis in words Photosynthesis in symbols Pictures should show sunlight the molecule structures (simple or complex) Sunlight+water+carbon dioxide yields glucose +oxygen CO 2 + H 2 O + sunlight ----> C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2

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    • [PDF File] Photosynthesis - Pearson

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/photosynthesis-pearson.pdf

      photosynthesis with this chemical equation: 6 CO 2 + 12 H 2 O + Light energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 + 6 H 2 O We use glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) here to simplify the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration, but the direct prod-uct of photosynthesis is actually a three-carbon sugar that can be used to make glucose. Water appears on both ...

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    • [PDF File] Scenario: Mapping Photosynthesis photosynthetic

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/scenario-mapping-photosynthesis-photosynthetic.pdf

      Scenario—Mapping Photosynthesis Scenario: Mapping Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is arguably the most important biological process on the Earth. All of the energy for the planet can be traced to the sun, but only photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae and some cyanobacteria) can directly utilize this energy. Through highly

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    • [PDF File] Computational modeling of the evolutionary transition from …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/computational-modeling-of-the-evolutionary-transition-from.pdf

      C4 photosynthesis is a carbon concentrating mechanism which is evolved in some plants to circumvent the unfavorable effects of high photorespiration rate [5]. Most C4 ... considered five key photosynthetic-related traits that were reported to be important in C4 evolution (Table 2). A “P-genotype” (photosynthetic genotype) was assigned to ...

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    • [PDF File] Evolution of gene regulatory network of C4 photosynthesis in …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/evolution-of-gene-regulatory-network-of-c4-photosynthesis-in.pdf

      structures (Hatch, 1987; McKown and Dengler, 2007). Compared with C 3 photosynthesis, C 4 photosynthesis requires more genes for CO 2 fixation, and these genes show preferential expression in either mesophyll cells (MCs) or bundle sheath cells (BSCs) (Slack and Hatch, 1967; Hatch, 1987). The specialized MCs and BSCs in C 4 species thus form so ...

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    • [PDF File] BI/CH 422 OUTLINE: ANABOLISM I: Carbohydrates - Boston …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/bi-ch-422-outline-anabolism-i-carbohydrates-boston.pdf

      Photosynthesis: Carbon Fixation Summary We learned that: •ATP and NADPH from photosynthesis are needed in order to assimilate CO 2 into carbohydrates, which is initiated by Rubisco •This key enzyme of the Calvin cycle fixes carbon dioxide as well as oxygen. •assimilations of six CO 2 molecules via the Calvin cycle lead to the

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    • [PDF File] Molecular evolution of key metabolic genes during transitions …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/molecular-evolution-of-key-metabolic-genes-during-transitions.pdf

      Molecular evolution of key metabolic genes during transitions to C 4 and CAM photosynthesis Eric W. Goolsby 1,2,5, Abigail J. Moore1,3, Lillian P. Hancock1, Jurriaan M. De Vos1,4, and Erika J. Edwards1,2 RESEARCH ARTICLE Manuscript received 19 September 2017; revision accepted 12 December 2017. 1 Brown University, Department of Ecology and ...

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    • [PDF File] Encoded C4 homologue enzymes genes function under …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/encoded-c4-homologue-enzymes-genes-function-under.pdf

      reactions.1 In contrast to C3 photosynthesis, C4 photosynthesis takes place in mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells in various steps.2,3 The distinctions between the biochemical C3 and C4 cycles are associated with (1) the location of photo-synthesis occurrence and (2) the mechanism of CO 2 concentration.4–6

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    • [PDF File] EC1268 Plant Growth Processes: Transpiration, …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/ec1268-plant-growth-processes-transpiration.pdf

      (where most photosynthesis . occurs) Mesophyll cells covered in a . microfilm of water molecules (allows gas exchange) Two guard cells. form one stoma which can open and close by changes in cell turgor CO2 diffuses in when . stoma is open H. 2O …

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    • [PDF File] Study Guide: Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Plant …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/study-guide-metabolism-cellular-respiration-and-plant.pdf

      Study Guide: Metabolism, Cellular Respiration and Plant Photosynthesis Biology 1406 8 Dr. Jennifer Davis auto-= self; -troph = food (autotroph: an organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms) chloro-= green; -phyll = leaf (chlorophyll: photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts) electro-= electricity; magnet-= magnetic …

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    • [PDF File] C3 and C4 Photosynthesis - Ehleringer Lab University of Utah

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/c3-and-c4-photosynthesis-ehleringer-lab-university-of-utah.pdf

      photosynthesis. C 3 photosynthesis is the ancestral path-way for carbon fixation and occurs in all taxonomic plant groups. The term C 3 photosynthesis is based on the obser-vation that the first product of photosynthesis is a 3-carbon molecule. In C 4 photosynthesis, the initial photosynthetic product is a 4-carbon molecule. C 4 ...

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    • [PDF File] Towards a dynamic photosynthesis model to guide yield …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/towards-a-dynamic-photosynthesis-model-to-guide-yield.pdf

      potential limitations within C4 photosynthesis in fluctuat-ing light to suggest feasible targets to improve the energy-use efficiency of C4 crops. As the major food and fiber C4 crops maize, sorghum, sugarcane and Miscanthus predom-inantly use the NADP-ME form of C4 photosynthesis, we previously developed a kinetic metabolic model of this

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    • [PDF File] shows the rate of production of carbohydrate in …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/shows-the-rate-of-production-of-carbohydrate-in.pdf

      rate of photosynthesis. Plants were supplied with air (0.04% CO2) and with air enriched with carbon dioxide (0.19% CO2). The rate of photosynthesis was measured at different leaf temperatures. The results are shown in the table. Leaf temperature (°C) Rate of photosynthesis (a.u) in air with 0.04% CO2 in air with 0.19% CO2 10 8.0 8.0 15 12.3 16.8

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    • [PDF File] Photosynthetic/photorespiratory characteristics of C3-C4

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/photosynthetic-photorespiratory-characteristics-of-c3-c4.pdf

      Key words: C3-C4 intermediate, photosynthesis, photorespiration, Panicum sp., Moricandia sp., Flaveria sp., Neurachne sp. Abstract. The extent of photorespiration, the inhibition of apparent photosynthesis (APS) by 21% O2, and the leaf anatomical …

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    • [PDF File] Changes in the plasmodesma structure and permeability at …

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/changes-in-the-plasmodesma-structure-and-permeability-at.pdf

      C4 photosynthesis involves a biochemical cycle that pumps CO 2 to curb energetically wasteful photorespiration (1, 2). The cycles require two compartments, one for producing four carbon (C4) acids through fixation of atmospheric CO 2 and the other for decarboxylating the C4 acids to provide Rubisco and CO 2. The Kranz anatomy is the leaf ...

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    • [PDF File] The Biochemistry of C 4 Photosynthesis - Kirschner Lab

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/the-biochemistry-of-c-4-photosynthesis-kirschner-lab.pdf

      ics of C4 photosynthesis is dealt with, including the theoretic maximum efficiency and in vivo energy requirements of C4 plants. Although there is evidence for cooperation between the two cell types in C4 leaves from in vivo studies, cell separation techniques have …

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    • [PDF File] Cell-type-specific differentiation of chloroplasts in C4 plants

      http://5y1.org/file/27564/cell-type-specific-differentiation-of-chloroplasts-in-c4-plants.pdf

      The key feature of C4 photosynthesis is that primary carbon fixation is carried out by cytosolic PEPC using bicarbonate rather than CO 2 as a substrate. Furthermore, the resulting product of carbon fixation is OAA, a C4 acid, rather than 3-PGA, a C3 acid. OAA is reduced in the mesophyll chloroplast by malate dehydrogenase (MDH) to malate (MA ...

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