Logical statement examples

• [PDF File]Chapter 2.1 Logical Form and Logical Equivalence - Saint Louis University

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  Logical Equivalence Two statement forms are called logically equivalent if, and only if, they have identical truth values for each possible substitution of statements for their statement variables. The logical equivalence of statement forms P and Q is denoted by writing P Q. Two statements are called logically equivalent if, and only if, they ...

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• [PDF File]Examples of logically equivalent statements - College of Arts and Sciences

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  Examples of logically equivalent statements Here are some pairs of logical equivalences. Each may be veri ed via a truth table. p^q q ^p commutativity of ^ ... In the table below, T represents a statement that is always true and F represents a statement that is always false. p^T p p_T T p^F F p_F p

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• [PDF File]Propositional Logic - Stanford University

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  logical operators than can appear in logical expressions. Example 12.1. Some examples of logical expressions are: 1. TRUE 2. TRUEORFALSE 3. NOTp 4. p AND(q ORr) 5. (q ANDp) OR(NOTp) In these expressions, p, q, and r are propositional variables. Precedence of Logical Operators As with expressions of other sorts, we assign a precedence to logical ...

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• [PDF File]Fallacies - The Writing Center

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  The handout provides definitions, examples, and tips on avoiding these fallacies. Arguments Most academic writing tasks require you to make an argument—that is, to present reasons for a ... simply aren’t a logical person or wondered what it means for an argument to be strong. Learning to make the best arguments you can is an ongoing process ...

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• [PDF File]Part 1: Logical Statements! - Central Oregon Community College

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  Part 1: Logical Statements! My colleague’s dad had made a logical statement when he said, “If you get straight A’s, then I’ll buy you a car.” A logical statement is simply any sentence that’s either true or false, but not both. Here are some examples: At the foundations of logic lie, quite simply, logical statements. 1

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• [PDF File]PART 2 MODULE 1 LOGIC: STATEMENTS, NEGATIONS, QUANTIFIERS, TRUTH TABLES ...

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  Logical equivalence is denoted by this symbol: ≡ Referring back to examples 1.4.1 #4 and #5 we saw that the statement "Some cats are mammals" was true, while the statement "Some cats aren't mammals" was false. This means that those two statements are NOT equivalent. The pair of statements cited above illustrate this general fact:

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• [PDF File]LogicalConnectives - Millersville University of Pennsylvania

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  in your proofs. Be sure that every line of a proof is a statement. Read each line to yourself to be sure. In terms of logical form, statements are built from simpler statements using logical connectives. Definition. The logical connectives of sentential logic are: (a) Negation (“not”), denoted ¬. (b) Conjunction (“and”), denoted ∧.

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• [PDF File]Propositional Logic - Stanford University

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  Propositional Logic Propositional logic is a mathematical system for reasoning about propositions and how they relate to one another. Every statement in propositional logic consists of propositional variables combined via propositional connectives. Each variable represents some proposition, such as “You liked it” or “You should have put a ring on it.”

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• [PDF File]4.4 Conversion, Obversion, & Contraposition - University of Colorado ...

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  which has multiple complements. Let’s graph some examples: Example #1: “All non-B are non-A.” Step 1: Subject Term: To graph this, first think only about the first part of the statement: “All non-B…” We know that this is telling us something about EVERYTHING outside of the B-circle. Step 2: Predicate

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• [PDF File]Commonly Used Mathematical Notation - Columbia University

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  1 Logical Statements Common symbols for logical statement: _ logical disjunction: "or" Note: in mathematics this is always an "inclusive or" i.e. "on or the other or both" ^ logical conjunction: "and": logical negation: "not"! material implication: implies; if .. then Note: P ! Q means: if P is true then Q is also true;

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• [PDF File]Logical Connectives Connective Examples - Computer Science and Engineering

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  Example 1:The statement “John Cusack is the president of the U.S.A.” is a proposition with truth value false. Example 2:The statement “Do your homework” is not a proposition because it is not a statement that can be true or false. 3 Logical Connectives • Connectives are used to create a proposition from several other propositions.

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• [PDF File]Chapter 2: The Logic of Compound Statements 2.1: Logical Forms and ...

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  Examples Examples 1 Washington, DC, is the capital of United States. 2 Annapolis is the capital of United States. 3 It is snowing. 4 I made a mistake in signing up for this course. 5 1+1 = 2 All these statements are simple statements. Food for thought Am I saying the truth in the following statement? \I am lying now."

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• [PDF File]BASIC CONCEPTS OF LOGIC - UMass

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  following may be taken as the official definition of ‘statement’. A statement is a declarative sentence, which is to say a sentence that is capable of being true or false. The following are examples of statements. it is raining I am hungry 2+2 = 4 God exists On the other hand the following are examples of sentences that are not statements.

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• [PDF File]1 Basic Logical Connectives - Texas A&M University

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  Definition: A statement is a sentence that is either true or false. Some examples of statements are: • John Doe is taller than Fred Kiddidlehopper. • Saturday it will rain. • 3+4 = 5+6. Some sentences which are not statements are: • Is Suzy a blonde? • x is 27. 1 Basic Logical Connectives

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• [PDF File]1.4 EQUIVALENT STATEMENTS Textbook Reference Section 3.3, 3.4 CLAST ...

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  logical equivalence. Case 1: “ If p then q ” has three equivalent statements. RULE Statement Equivalent Statement 1) If p then q not p or q 2) If p then q q or not p 3) If p then q If not q then not p Examples Statement Equivalent Statement a) If it is blue, then it is the sky. It is not blue or it is the sky.

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• [PDF File]Effective Argumentation: Premises and Conclusions - San Jose State ...

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  sense of logical relationships. Joining words indicate which assertions are offered as premises and which as conclusions. If these signals are missing in your writing, readers will often make their own connections, which may be quite different than those you intended. To introduce premises, use connectors such as because.

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• [PDF File]Logic, Sets, and Proofs - Amherst

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  Logical Statements. A logical statement is a mathematical statement that is either true or false. Here we denote logical statements with capital letters A;B. Logical ... Here are some examples of conjunction, disjunction and negation: x > 1 and x < 3: This is true when x is in the open interval (1;3).

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• [PDF File]Math 127: Logic and Proof - CMU

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  Then the statement we wish to prove can be interpreted as p)qwith these propositional variable assignments. The direct approach to proving a statement like the one in Example 1 generally looks as follows: assume proposition pto be true, and by following a sequence of logical steps, demonstrate that proposition qmust also be true.

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• [PDF File]Paragraph Basics: Logical Order and Transitions - College of San Mateo

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  3 Paragraph Basics: Logical Order and Transitions Note: Before completing this tutorial, you must first complete Paragraph Basics: Topic Sentences and Unity. Introduction to Coherence Even when an essay has a clear thesis, and each paragraph in the body has an effective topic

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