Metabolism of drugs
In Vitro Metabolism- and Transporter- Mediated Drug-Drug …
prodrugs) or clearance from the body. Drugs can be metabolized in several organs, including, 73 . but not limited to, the liver, kidney, gut wall, and lung. Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the ...
[PDF File]THE ROLE OF THE LIVER IN DRUG METABOLISM
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PHASES OF METABOLISM Metabolism of drugs is usually divided into phase 1 and phase 2. Some drugs just undergo one or the other but the majority will undergo phase 1 and then phase 2 sequentially. Phase 1 reactions Phase 1 reactions are classified into oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis. During these reactions, certain groups are added so that the drug can undergo the second phase to produce …
[PDF File]Drug Metabolism
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metabolism (described in the earlier chapters) are incorporated into the drug design process in order to maximise the therapeutic efficacy of candidate drugs. This is of paramount interest to the medicinal chemist whose aim is to design safe and effective drugs with predictable and controllable metabolism.
[PDF File]Chapter 2 Pulmonary Drug Metabolism, Clearance, and Absorption
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The physicochemical properties of inhaled drugs vary considerably, from very hydrophilic to very hydrophobic (log P from −2 for the b 2-agonist salbutamol Fig. 2.1 Possible routes of elimination of drug from the lungs. Pulmonary drug metabolism, clearance, and absorption depend on an interplay between factors occurring prior to target inter-
[PDF File]INTRODUCTION TO DRUG METABOLISM - Springer
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x Introduction to Drug Metabolism pharmacological and toxicological manifestations of drug action. clearly an important consideration in the clinical use of drugs. The subject of drug metabolism or drug biotransformation is introduced in Chapter 1 by considering the relevant pathways. i.e. the enzyme-catalysed changes in drug structure ...
[PDF File]TOPICS ON DRUG METABOLISM - UM Library
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Topics on Drug Metabolism 2 bioavailability humans; and enable a rational approach to design NCE with better absorption in humans. 2. Concepts and theoretical calculations of oral bioavailability Bioavailability (F) is the extent to which an active moiety is absorbed from a pharmaceutical
[PDF File]DRUG ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION AND ELIMINATION; …
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These vascular areas are ideal for lipid-soluble drugs that would be metabolized in the gut or liver, since the blood vessels in the mouth bypass the liver (do not undergo first pass liver metabolism), and drain directly into the systemic circulation. This route is usually reserved for nitrates and certain hormones. 2. Oral
GENERAL ARTICLE Drug Metabolism
varieties of enzymes. The drug metabolism happening in the liver is termed as hepatic metabolism. In addition to the liver, every biological tissue of the body has the ability to metabolize drugs. The drug metabolism process occurring in organs other than the Figure 1. General pathway of drug metabolism. 1 See H Surya Prakash Rao, Capping Drugs ...
[PDF File]Table 13. Drug Metabolism Basics Bioavailability and Half-Life: …
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• The quicker the metabolism, the shorter the half-life • The liver is the major site for drug metabolism, but biotransformation can also occur by the kidney and intestine • Conversion of lipophilic drugs to more polar metabolites by the liver may increase excretion in the bile and kidney, and thus may decrease half-life
[PDF File]Drug Metabolism - kau
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Drug Metabolism What is mean by : drug metabolism or drug biotransformation. metabolism plays an essential role in the elimination of drugs and other foreign ingested chemicals (xenobiotics) from the body In some cases, especially during oxidative metabolism, numerous chemical procarcinogens form
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