Number the alphabet to 1 26
[PDF File]Introduction: Conversion Table - Richland Community College
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Write down the letters in your preferred first name and convert them to numbers. Rearrange the letters into alphabetical order. This is not necessary to find the standard deviation, but it helps visualize the name Find the median letter for your name.
[PDF File]Introduction to Cryptography: Alphabet Codes - Williams College
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Alphabet is A =1,...,F =6. The a that work are relatively prime to 6.... What do you think works for 26 letter alphabet? Answer: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25: 12 choices. Caesar cipher: 26 choices; Affine cipher: 12 · 26 =312. Can we go to higher degree polynomials? 16
[PDF File]1 Substitution Ciphers - CIMT
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For our English, 26-letter alphabet, there are 26! different substitution ciphers. This is an amazing 403 291 461 126 605 635 584 000 000, which is a little over 400 million million million million. So it may seem that an arbitrary substitution cipher would be very hard to undo if you didn't know the order of the cipher alphabet.
[PDF File]4 Cryptography - New York University
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For simplicity in our treatment, we shall start by sending with messages using the 26 letters A through Z. Thus, we omit small letters, punctuation, spaces, and even numerals. It is convenient to assign numbers to these letters, and the most natural numbering is given in the following table.
[PDF File]NUMBER THEORY IN CRYPTOGRAPHY - University of Chicago
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with a di erent letter by shifting the alphabet a speci c number of places (e.g. \at" becomes \bu" if the alphabet is shifted by 1). If this was used for the English alphabet, obviously any number but a multiple of 26 would work (as this would shift a letter back to itself). However, since there are only 25 possible ways to shift
[PDF File]substitution cipher - Arizona State University
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In summary, affine encryption on the English alphabet using encryption key (α, β) is accomplished via the formula y ≡ αx + β (mod 26). (Now we can see why a shift cipher is just a special case of an affine cipher: A shift cipher with encryption key ` is the same as an affine cipher with encryption key (1, `).)
[PDF File]Shift (Caesar) Ciphers - Arizona State University
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= 26. Now take each number x from the representation of the message and perform the following arithmetic: add 3 to x, and if the result is between 0 and 25, stop; otherwise, replace x + 3 with the integer y between 0 and 25 that satisfies y ≡ x + 3 (mod 26).
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