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What is Spinal muscular atrophy?
muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of hereditary diseases that progressively destroys motor neurons—nerve cells in the brain stem and spinal cord that control essential skeletal muscle activity such as speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy.

How does chronic low back pain affect brain function?
Brain imaging studies suggest that people with chronic low back pain have changes in the structure and function of certain brain regions. Other research seeks to determine the role of brain circuits important for emotional and motivational learning, and memory in this transition, in order to identify new preventive interventions.

What are the symptoms of ALS?
Unable to function, the muscles gradually weaken, start to twitch (called fasciculations), and waste away (atrophy). Eventually, the brain loses its ability to initiate and control voluntary movements. Early symptoms of ALS usually include muscle weakness or stifness.

[PDF File]Best practice guidelines for management of spinal disorders ...
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Spine disorders in skeletal dysplasia are caused by ab-normalities to development, growth or maintenance of the bony elements of the spine, and are present in the majority of conditions included in the latest Inter-national Skeletal Dysplasia Society nosology [1]. Spinal disorders include kyphosis, scoliosis, central stenosis,

[PDF File]Low Back Pain fact sheet - National Institute of Neurological ...
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What can cause lower back pain? Most acute low back pain is mechanical in nature, meaning that there is a disruption in the way the components of the back (the spine, muscle, intervertebral discs, and nerves) fit together and move. Some examples of mechanical causes of low back pain include: Congenital

[PDF File]Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment
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reader quickly gets a sense of all aspects of spinal disease: the clinicalpresentations;theimaging;andtreatment,bothsurgi-cal and nonsurgical. There are 11 major sections of the book: History of Spinal Disorders, Basic Science of Spinal Disorders (biomechanics, instrumentation,age-relatedchangesofthespine,pathwayof

[PDF File]Spinal Cord Disorders
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Clinical signs and symptoms in spinal cord lesions 1. Motor signs and symptoms Lower motor neuron (LMN) signs (Table 1) are found in a limb if some of its muscles are innervated by anterior horn cells (lower motor neurons) affected at the level of the spinal cord lesion.

[PDF File]Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis fact sheet
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disease that afects nerve cells (neurons) in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement. Voluntary muscles produce movements like chewing, walking, breathing and talking. The disease is progressive, meaning the symptoms get worse over time.

Spinal diseases and disorders symptoms