Standard deviation in chemistry

    • [PDF File] Chem 141 Titration Lab Lecture Notes - University of Richmond

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/chem-141-titration-lab-lecture-notes-university-of-richmond.pdf

      measure of the precision of a group of measurements. The standard deviation is calculated with the formula: ()2 1 MM i s N ¦ Where M is your average molarity, M i represents the individual measurements, and N is the total number of molarities you measured. What this really means is you take the absolute value of the difference …

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    • [PDF File] Comparison of Standard Deviations - Michigan State University

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/comparison-of-standard-deviations-michigan-state-university.pdf

      Comparison of Means This t test is used when standard deviations are not significantly different.!!! s pooled is a “pooled” standard deviation making use of both sets of data. If t calculated > t table (95%), the difference between the two means is statistically significant! This would be the second step in the comparison of values after a decision is

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    • [PDF File] Unit 3 Rawat - eGyanKosh

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/unit-3-rawat-egyankosh.pdf

      Standard deviation is the most important statistic to indicate the precision of an analysis. According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) the symbol σ is used for population standard deviation and the symbol s is used for sample standard deviation. When the number of observations is very large (N →∞) the ...

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    • [PDF File] Accuracy, Precision, Mean and Standard Deviation - JSSCACS

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/accuracy-precision-mean-and-standard-deviation-jsscacs.pdf

      Accuracy, Precision, Mean and Standard Deviation Overview There are certain basic concepts in analytical chemistry that are helpful to the analyst when treating analytical data. This section will address accuracy, precision, mean, and deviation as related to chemical measurements in the general field of analytical chemistry. Accuracy

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    • [PDF File] Limit of detection, limit of quantification and limit of blank - EFLM

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/limit-of-detection-limit-of-quantification-and-limit-of-blank-eflm.pdf

      procedure applicable in clinical chemistry •Determine the standard deviation (s) of ten independent measurements of a blank sample or of a sample with very low concentrations of the measurand •Limit of quantitation = LOQ = s * 10 •The multiplier is usually 10, but that number is historical and arbitrary. Other values such as 5 or 6 are commonly used …

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    • [PDF File] Laboratory calculations I - AACC

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/laboratory-calculations-i-aacc.pdf

      Case 3: clinical/diagnostic utility • Positive predictive value (PPV) – predictive value of a positive test TP PPV = X 100 = % TP + FP For SCHAD: 6/21 X 100 = 28.6% For LCHAD: 8/8 X 100 = 100% • Negative predictive value (NPV) – predictive value of a negative test TN

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    • [PDF File] Average, Deviation, and Standard Deviation

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/average-deviation-and-standard-deviation.pdf

      Average, Deviation, and Standard Deviation In experimental chemistry we generally determine the value of a measured quantity by repeated measurement. We assume that any errors in our measurements are random, meaning that it is equally likely that our measured results will be higher or lower than the “true value” we are seeking to …

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    • [PDF File] Average, Deviation, and Standard Deviation

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/average-deviation-and-standard-deviation.pdf

      In terms of the calculated standard deviation, 68% of the measurements should fall within a range of Gx ± s, 95% should fall within Gx ± 2s, and 99% should fall within Gx ± 2.5s. Hence, the smaller the standard deviation, the more closely the measured values tend to cluster about the mean, indicating better precision.

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    • [PDF File] ERROR ANALYSIS Chemistry 141 - Fall 2016 - Colby College

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/error-analysis-chemistry-141-fall-2016-colby-college.pdf

      Mean, Standard Deviation, and Standard Deviation of the Mean The mean, , is the simple average of n replicas, each replica signified as . The standard deviation (SD), , is related to the spread in values of replicas in an experiment. We will use the population standard deviation to approximate it: The standard deviation of the mean (SDOM), , is ...

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    • [PDF File] Instrument Calibration - NELAC Institute

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/instrument-calibration-nelac-institute.pdf

      % Relative Standard Deviation Linear or quadratic regression Correlation coefficient (r) or Coefficient of Determination (r2) Correlation coefficient For most applications, and calibration curves in particular, the correlation coefficient must be regarded as a relic of the past Meier and Zund, Statistical Methods in Analytical Chemistry, 2000. Correlation …

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    • [PDF File] Average, Standard Deviation and Relative Standard Deviation

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/average-standard-deviation-and-relative-standard-deviation.pdf

      multiplying the standard deviation by 100 and dividing this product by the average. relative standard deviation, RSD = 100S / x − Example: Here are 4 measurements: 51.3, 55.6, 49.9 and 52.0. Calculate the average, standard devia tion, and relative standard deviation. average, x − = 51.3 + 55.6 + 49.9 + 52.0 4 = 208.8 4 = 52.2 standard ...

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    • [PDF File] Chapter 22: Statistical Data Analysis - Michigan State University

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/chapter-22-statistical-data-analysis-michigan-state-university.pdf

      grams and the standard deviation of the mean lies in the range of 0.01 above and below the value of 2.15. Unfortunately the interpretation of the is not consistent throughout all ±0.01 disciplines of science. Although have stated here that the ±0.01we typically represents standard deviation, it is possible that the ±0.01 represents the

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    • [PDF File] Appendix 8: How to Calculate Mean, Standard Deviation, Relative ...

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/appendix-8-how-to-calculate-mean-standard-deviation-relative.pdf

      Standard deviation has the same unit of measure as the mean. Apply the rule of subtraction to determine how many digits to report it with. Example 2: Calculate the standard deviation for the following data: Data set for time of reaction: First calculate the numerator, ∑ :𝑥𝑖−𝑥̅ ;2. Notice that this is the same data set used in ...

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    • [PDF File] CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTAL CALCULATIONS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/chapter-1-fundamental-calculations-in-analytical-chemistry.pdf

      Fundamental Calculations in Analytical Chemistry 33. Agency) for metal analysis. An aliquot of 0.5000 g of wet sample was digested with 10 mL of nitric acid in a closed reactor, microwave-heated until 170 C during 10 min. The extract was filtered and made up to 20.00 mL with deionized water in a volumetric flask.

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    • [PDF File] Calibration and Linear Regression Analysis: A Self-Guided Tutorial

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/calibration-and-linear-regression-analysis-a-self-guided-tutorial.pdf

      CHM314 Instrumental Analysis, Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Toronto D. Stone, J. Ellis 5 for a given observation. The calculated y-value is easily determined from the calibration equation and denoted y ˆ i, so the residual would be yi−y ˆ (i). Once the residuals are known, we can calculate the standard deviation in the y-direction, which ...

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    • [PDF File] Chapter 8: Sampling, Standardization, and Calibration

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/chapter-8-sampling-standardization-and-calibration.pdf

      calculate the relative standard deviation of sampling, σ r we get If we make the assumption that the sample mass m is proportional to the number of particles and the other quantities are constant, the product of m and σ r should be a constant. This constant K s is called the Ingamells sampling constant. 2K s = m × (σ r × 100) where the term σ r × …

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    • [PDF File] Average, Deviation, and Standard Deviation

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/average-deviation-and-standard-deviation.pdf

      In terms of the calculated standard deviation, 68% of the measurements should fall within a range of Gx ± s, 95% should fall within Gx ± 2s, and 99% should fall within Gx ± 2.5s. Hence, the smaller the standard deviation, the more closely the measured values tend to cluster about the mean, indicating better precision.

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    • [PDF File] Guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry - Eurachem

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      refer to their standard operating procedure (SOP). In line with other recent Eurachem guides the Task Group has decided to adhere to ISO/IEC 17025 and use the generic term ‘method’. The term ‘concentration’ is used on its own (i.e. unqualified) when a generality is required. In the Guide this term

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    • [PDF File] amc technical brief - The Royal Society of Chemistry

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/amc-technical-brief-the-royal-society-of-chemistry.pdf

      estimators of mean and standard deviation. First we will look at a very simple method, and then a more sophisticated one. The median/MAD method In this method we simply take the central value of the ordered data (the median) as the estimate of the mean. 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.2 9.9 We notice that the median does not change however much

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    • [PDF File] SIGNIFICANT FIGURES - Chem21Labs

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/significant-figures-chem21labs.pdf

      Standard deviation 0.005069 1.694302 Although the maximum number of significant figures for the slope is 4 for this data set, in this case it is further limited by the standard deviation. Since the standard deviation can only have one significant figure (unless the first digit is a 1), the standard deviation for the slope in this case is 0.005 ...

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    • [PDF File] Selection, Use and Interpretation of Proficiency Testing (PT

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      IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry MRA mutual recognition arrangement PCR polymerase chain reaction PT proficiency testing QA quality assurance QC quality control RM reference material SDPA standard deviation for proficiency assessment Symbols En En performance score s* robust estimate of the participant …

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    • [PDF File] Errors in Chemical Analysis - University of California, Irvine

      http://5y1.org/file/8690/errors-in-chemical-analysis-university-of-california-irvine.pdf

      i) Calculate the pooled standard deviation (sP): Note that the total DOF is NA + NB -2. Comparison of Two Experimental Means. Used to determine whether two experimentally measured values are statistically different. ii) Calculate a t-value (tcalc) using the equation: tcalc = | xA − xB | NANb sP NA + Nb.

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