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[DOC File]RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
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The primary pharmacologic therapy of COPD is the sympathomimetic bronchodilator. Among these, short- acting selective beta-2 agonists (e.g., albuterol) are the agents of choice. Beta-2 agonists can cause tremor and reflex tachycardia due to peripheral arterial dilation. Hypokalemia can also occur in extreme cases. There is no advantage of using short-acting beta-2 agonists on a regular basis ...
copd causes other than smoking

[DOC File]Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Clinical …
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The prevalence of smoking was very high among men at 71.9% and all the women were nonsmokers. The prevalence of COPD was 14.7% in smokers, 19.3% had mild to moderate nicotine dependency and 12.8% were highly dependent. Of the women exposed to regular biomass fuels, the prevalence of COPD was 3.9%, which increased to 4.8% on addition of regular passive smoking exposure to tobacco This …
copd and smoking history

[DOC File]Diagnosis and management of COPD in primary care
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a broad term describing diseases of the lungs associated with limited airflow. It is the fourth leading cause of death – and likely the third leading cause of death within the next 10 to 15 years. Chronic bronchitis affects 8.9 million community dwelling people and 3.8 million are affected by emphysema1. In the United States the prevalence of ...
smoking and copd exacerbation

[DOC File]Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
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Since you are aware of the criteria for diagnosing COPD as outlined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), you note that, with an FEV1/FVC of less than 70% and an ...
causes of copd besides smoking

Can Non-Smokers Develop COPD?
Long-term exposure to other lung irritants, (such as air pollution), chemical fumes, dust, and occupational pollutants (cadmium, silica) also may contribute to COPD. In rare cases, nonsmokers who lack a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin can develop emphysema. The signs and symptoms of COPD include:
copd smoking statistics

[DOC File]COPD, Case Study #1 - AAFP Home
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COPD symptoms often are non-specific and may mimic those found in other respiratory and cardiac conditions. The definitive diagnosis is made via pulmonary function testing (spirometry). COPD is considered to be present if the ratio of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) to forced vital capacity (FVC) [FEV1/FVC ratio] is less than 70 percent after bronchodilator treatment. The physician ...
continued smoking with copd

[DOC File]COPD
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is a chronic respiratory condition with associated systemic features. Cigarette smoking is the predominant cause . Chronic productive cough and breathlessness is a common and progressive condition. Presenting features : Over 35 years. Smokers or non smokers. Have any of the following symptoms : Breathlessness on exertion. Chronic cough. …
copd symptoms non smokers

Symptoms of copd in nonsmokers