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Pond SLK, and Muse SV. 2005. Site-to-site aariation of synonymous substitution rates. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22:2375-2385. Sunagar K, Johnson WE, O'Brien SJ, Vasconcelos V, and Antunes A. 2012. Evolution of CRISPs associated with toxicoferan-reptilian venom and mammalian reproduction. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 29:1807-1822.
synonymous substitution definition

[DOC File]Phylogeny Estimation: Hypothesis testing
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If they are distantly related, many complications arise because the rate of synonymous substitution is generally much higher than that of non synonymous. Substitutions that result in amino acid replacements are said to be nonsynonymous while substitutions that do not cause an amino acid replacement (such as a GGG to GGC change - both codons ...
synonymous substitutions are possible because

[DOC File]Chapter 15: Gene Mutation - UH
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Synonymous substitution: the original amino acid is replaced by a chemically similar. amino acid. Non-synonymous substitution: replacement by a chemically different amino acid are. more likely to lead to severe changes in protein structure and function.-Mutations in or close to the active site of the protein will most likely lead to a lack of
synonymous substitution mutation

[DOC File]BISC/CS303
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Non-synonymous mutations are those that change the nucleotide sequence of a gene coding sequence and change an amino acid residue in the protein. In general, would you expect the synonymous substitution rate or the non-synonymous substitution rate to be higher? Why?
synonyms and substitutions

[DOC File]ECOL/MCB320
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For each of the two mutant alleles, tell what kind of mutation it is (synonymous substitution, missense substitution, nonsense substitution, insertion frameshift, or deletion frameshift). You can use a pen to draw the circles on the printed document, or use Word to box them. HbA (wild type) 1 13 106
synonymous substitutions in dna

[DOC File]F1000 evaluations of Markova and Petrov, Genome Research, …
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In this paper, the authors evaluate how the inference of positive selection (inferred through the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates) is affected by the alignment method. For this, they compare different aligner programs (AMAP, MUSCLE, ProbsCons, T-Coffee, ClustalW and Prank) using sequences from the 12 Drosophila Genomes ...
nonsynonymous substitution

01010 Summary of Work - Massachusetts
For the purposes of this Contract, the terms "or-equal" and "material substitution" shall be considered synonymous. In no case may an item be furnished on the Work other than the item named or described, unless the Architect, with the Administrator's written concurrence, shall consider the item equal to the Item so named or described, as ...
nonsynonymous mutation definition

[DOC File]Evolutionary Changes in Nucleotide Sequences
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Synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations are under very different selection pressures and are fixed at very different rates. Thus, comparison between synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates provides a means to understand the effect of natural selection on the protein.
synonymous vs nonsynonymous substitution rates

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Table S4 - Comparison of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution in Nicotiana species. Ks. Ka. Ka/Ks. psbA. NG. 0. 0. 0. NK. 0. 0.0048. 0. NO. 0.0057. 0. 0. NP. 0 ...
synonymous substitution definition

Synonymous substitution