What does a low p value mean

    • [PDF File]What is a P-value?

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      What does it mean when the results of a randomized clinical trial compar-ing two treatments reports that, \Treatment A was found to be superior to Treatment C (p = 0:002)"? How much, and how little, should non-statisticians make of this? The interpretation of the p-value depends in large measure on

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    • understanding of p-value in multiple linear regression ...

      The P-value provides a measure of this distance. The P-value (in this situation) is the probability to the right of our test statistic calculated using the null distribution. The further out the test statistic is in the tail, the smaller the P-value, and the stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis in …

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    • [PDF File]Interpreting Exam Performance: What Do Those Stats Mean ...

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      Interpreting Results of Case-Control Studies If the p-value is equal to or less than a predetermined cutoff (usually 0.05, or a 5 in 100 probability that the finding is due to chance alone), the association is said to be statistically significant. If it is greater than the

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    • [PDF File]LogP—Making Sense of the Value

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      P values and Confidence Intervals Friends or Foe Dr.L.Jeyaseelan Dept. of Biostatistics Christian Medical College Vellore – 632 002, India JPGM WriteCon March 30-31, 2007, KEM Hospital, Mumbai. Confidence Interval • The mean or proportion observed in a sample is the best estimate of the true value in the population. • We can combine these features of estimates from a sample from a sample ...

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    • [PDF File]Normal Distribution, “p” Value and Confidence Intervals

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      system (CNS) should ideally have a logP value around 2;2 for oral and intestinal absorption the idea value is 1.35–1.8, while a drug intended for sub-lingual absorption should have a logP value >5. Not only does logP help predict the likely transport of a compound around the body. It also affects

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    • [PDF File]P values and Confidence Intervals

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      A big F, with a small p-value, means that the null hypothesis is discredited, and we would assert that there is a general relationship between the response and predictors (while a small F, with a big p-value indicates that there is no relationship). 6) The null hypothesis is that the value of the p-th regression coefficient is 0, and the ...

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    • [PDF File]When is statistical significance not significant?

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      What is the difference between an alpha level and a p-value? Science sets a conservative standard to meet for a researcher to claim that s/he has made a discovery of a real phenomenon. The standard is the . alpha level, usually set of .05. Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, this means we may reject the null only if the observed

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    • [PDF File]Interpreting test statistics, p-values, and significance

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      Item Difficulty: p value: (Kehoe, as cited in McDonald, 2007) Percentage of correct responses Desired range on exam 0.3-0.8 (30% to 80% correct) Mean p value translates to mean % score on exam Very difficult items (less than 30% correct) or very easy items (more than 80% correct) contribute very little to the overall exam reliability

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    • [PDF File]What is a P-value? - University of Chicago

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      that this value does NOT give the magnitude of the difference i.e. the extent of BP reduction may be only marginally different between the two drugs and yet we may get a significant p value if the effect is consistent across the sample. Also if the p value is

      what is a p value in statistics


    • [PDF File]Interpreting Results of Case-Control Studies

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      before interpreting the p value; (2) it is pointless to estimate the p value for non-random samples; (3) the p value is highly affected by the sample size, and (4) it is pointless to es-timate the p value when dealing with data from population5. The remainder of the paper consists of three sections. Firstly, we outline the under-lying logic of ...

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