ࡱ> JLIc !bjbjzz zL~]\~]\%DDDDD$hhhPdLhrhh"eee+------$!jQDeeeeeQDDfejDD+e+0|0>"v>">"DeeeeeeeQQdeeeeeee>"eeeeeeeee> : Language 7/8 Literary Devices 1. Literal meaning - the words are to be taken as a true description of something. - a summary of what was actually presented. 2. Figurative meaning - the words are NOT to be taken as the true description of something. - there is a deeper meaning implied in the words given. 3. Mood - the feelings created in the reader by the author. (It may increase or decrease throughout a selection.) 4. Tone - the feelings of the author expressed in his/her writing. 5. Diction - word choice. - affects other devices such as mood and characterization. 6. Style - the way in which an individual expresses and communicates his/her ideas, thoughts and feelings in a piece of writing. - every author tries to establish their own unique style (ex. Stephen King has a horror style.) 7. Simile - a comparison between two things using the words like or as. 8. Metaphor - a comparison between two things NOT using the words like or as. - stronger than a simile but harder to use well. 9. Personification - the process of giving living characteristics to non-living things. 10. Imagery - language that appeals to the senses. - five types: 1) Visual/Sight Imagery (* The strongest type) 2) Sound Imagery 3) Taste Imagery 4) Touch Imagery 5) Smell Imagery 11. Conflict - the struggle between opposing forces. - three types: 1) External Conflict (Man vs. Nature) 2) Interpersonal Conflict (Man vs. Man) 3) Internal Conflict (Man vs. Himself) 12. Setting - the time, place, and circumstances in which a story takes place. - Time: clock time AND calendar time - Place: local place AND global place - Circumstances: W-5 13. Suspense - increased interest in a story leading to the climax. (It may increase or decrease throughout a selection.) - also called Rising Action. 14. Plot ( and diagram ) - the sequence of events in a story. (The ABCs- A happened then B happened...) 15. Symbolism - the process where some object is used to stand for or represent a quality or idea. 16. Character - a person in a play, poem, novel, or short story. 17. Character Sketch - telling what a character is like. 18. Characterization - showing what a character is like. 19. Moral - the underlying message or lesson found within a piece of writing. 20. Theme - the subject, topic, or main idea in a piece of writing. - must be written in a theme statement focusing on a theme word. ex. Theme word = love Theme = Unconditional love is powerful but may lead to destruction. 21. Purpose - the reason for a selection. ex. To persuade, to incite, to entertain, to convince, to educate, to inform, to empathize... 22. Target Audience - the intended audience of a selection. ex. Children under five, working adults, rich people, doctors, high school students... 23. Irony - the contrast between what appears to be so and what really is. - the difference between what is said and what is meant. - * the opposite of what is expected. 24. Point of View - the position from which events are seen, a story is told, or an argument is made. - two types: 1) First Person Point of View - the narrator is one of the characters in the story. (I, We, Us) - * the more personal of the two types of point of view 2) Third Person Point of View - the narrator is completely outside the story. (He, She, They) 25. Climax -the highest point of interest in a story. - the turning point in the storys plot. 26. Narrative - a piece of poetry or prose that tells a story. 27. Main Character -a character who directly affects the plot of a story. 28. Minor Character - a character who does not directly affect the plot of a story. - is more a part of the setting or atmosphere. - also called a secondary character. 29. Surprise Ending - a sudden ending to a story, usually right at the Climax. - usually involves a twist of some kind so that the reader has to change his/her point of view, or attitude toward the story. 30. Stanza - a paragraph in poetry. 31. Stereotype - a fixed impression where an individual is looked upon as having the "normal" characteristics of their group, without any room being made for individual differences. ex. The Grandmother Stereotype= old, wrinkled, weak, gray hair, shaky ... ex. The Man Stereotype= strong, brave, provides for family, doesn't cry... 32. Comparison - pointing out the similarities and differences between 2 things/people. 33. Contrast - pointing out only the differences between 2 things/people. 34. Foreshadowing - something in a story's plot that gives a hint or clue about what will happen at a later point in time. (A contrary idea to Flashback.) ex. A graveyard mentioned early in a story's setting may hint at the idea of a death that occurs later. 35. Flashback - the process of reverting back to a previous point in time in order to explain some element of the present plot. (A contrary idea to Foreshadowing.) 36. Narrator - the person who is telling a story/poem. 37. Author - the person who writes a story/poem. - the author and narrator are not necessarily the same person. 38. Fiction - prose stories in which the characters and events are wholly or partially imaginary. ex. novels short stories fables myths 39. Non-fiction - a piece of Prose which is based on real things or true events. 40. Biography - the story of a person's life written by another person. 41. Autobiography - the story of a person's life written by that person himself/herself. * Auto = self 42. Poetry - writing that uses a more concentrated form of language than ordinary speech or Prose. - words in poems often have a controlled rhythm. - often arranged in short lines. - composed of lines and stanzas. - interpretation of poetry is very individual. 43. Prose - the usual form of written language in which ideas are expressed in complete sentences that follow one another in a continuous flow. -stories are considered Prose. 44. Pseudonym - a false name used by a writer to disguise their true identity. - also known as a pen name or un nom de plume 45. Short Story - a short piece of prose fiction which usually revolves around a single episode in a character's life. - usually has only one major turning point, or Climax.     PAGE  PAGE 1   ()*+,-.?@Cꠒr^M?M-#h.h><CJOJQJ\^JaJh>|{CJOJQJ^JaJ hbh><CJOJQJ^JaJ&hbh><5CJOJQJ\^JaJh.CJOJQJ\^JaJ hbhJTlCJOJQJ^JaJhJTlCJOJQJ^JaJh><CJOJQJ^JaJ*hbhXF5CJOJQJ\aJmH sH $h*T5CJOJQJ\aJmH sH $hh;5CJOJQJ\aJmH sH *hbh><5CJOJQJ\aJmH sH *+,-@ L M U    + f g p ^^gdbp`p` `P^`P   M N T U X k    g h o p s + 3 ? 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