ࡱ> HJGa u,bjbj:K:K 4LX!H\X!H\u$<VD<up,$QuuXXX.XXXX[t"X0XXX()=XK WS)))))))))))))))> : APES Water Unit Vocabulary Properties of Water Adhesion the tendency of water to stick to other substances Buoyancy the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object Capillary Action the process that moves water through a narrow porous space Cohesion the attractive force between water molecules Density the measure of mass of a substance per unit volume Insoluble not soluble; does not dissolve in a solvent Polarity uneven distribution of charges across a molecule Soluble having the ability to be dissolved in another substance Specific Heat the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius Surface Tension the force that acts on the surface of water Universal Solvent the quality of water that makes it able to dissolve more substances that any other substance Solvent- the substance that does the dissolving Solute- the substance the is being dissolved Distribution of Water/Water Cycle Condensation the process of warm air cooling as it rises and releasing moisture in the form of a liquid Evaporation the process by which a liquid is changed into a vapor Fresh water water on Earth that is used for human consumption Groundwater water located below Earths surface Human Consumption the ability for humans to eat/drink Hydrosphere the portion of the Earth that contains water Impermeable does not allow water to move through Infiltration water that seeps into rocks and between particles of soil Percolation the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to gravity Permeable having pores or openings that allow water (or other liquids) to flow through them Precipitation the rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds onto the Earths land and oceans Runoff is precipitation that flows over land into streams and rivers. This water later enters oceans. Surface Water water found on the surface of the Earth Transpiration water vapor given off by plant photosynthesis Water Cycle the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean Structure of the Hydrosphere Aquifer an underground layer of rock or soil that holds water Artesian Well a well in which water rises because of pressure within aquifer Drought a long period of scarce rainfall Glaciers a large mass of moving ice and snow on land Hydrology the study of water Hydrosphere the portion of Earth that contains water Icecaps a glacier forming on an extensive area of relatively level land and flowing outward from its center Icebergs a large floating mass of ice detached from a glacier Reservoir a lake that stores water for human use River Basin the region of land drained by a river and its tributaries Watershed the land area that supplies water to a river system Wetland a land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year. AKA estuary, swamp, bog Ocean Vocabulary Oceanography - The study and exploration of the world's ocean. ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) - Unmanned submersible tethered to a mother ship and operated by pilots using a joy stick. Scuba - Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus - device that allows divers to breathe underwater for long periods of time SONAR - SOund NAvigation Ranging - used to measure ocean depth by sending sound to bounce off the ocean floor. Submersible A small submarine used to explore the ocean depths; equipped with windows, lights, mechanical arms, cameras and other scientific instruments capable of seeing and recording data. Abyssal Plain - mostly flat portion of ocean floor which provides a home to a variety of unique organisms that are adapted to the extreme conditions of this habitat. Benthos - organisms that live on or in the ocean floor Chemosynthesis - the production of organic material by energy from chemical reactions rather than light. Consumer - feed on other organisms (plant or animal) because they cannot make their own food. Continental Shelf - extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply drops off into a steep slope. Continental Slope - The steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain Ecosystem - A community of different but interdependent species and their non-living environment. Estuary body of water where a river meets the ocean Food Chain - A hierarchy of food relationships from the simplest to most complex. Habitat - The immediate space where an animal or plant lives and has food, water and protection. Hydrothermal Vent - An opening in the sea floor where super-heated water and other material are discharged into the surrounding seawater Intertidal Zone - the area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line. Mid-Ocean Ridge - A chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean. Nekton - free-swimming organisms whose movements are independent of the tides, currents, and waves Neritic Zone - the first 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water, which includes the seashore and most of the continental shelf. Oceanic Zone - Extends from 200 meters (656 feet) deep all the way down to the bottom of the ocean. Ocean trench - the deepest parts of the ocean. The deepest one is the Marianas Trench (located in the South Pacific Ocean - almost 5 miles (8.05 kilometers) deep. Photosynthesis - A chemical process where plants and algae use a sun's energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water. Producer - a living thing that produces its own food within itself, usually by using sunlight energy in photosynthesis Salinity the amount of dissolved solids in seawater Seamount - A volcanic peak that rises at least 3280 feet (1000 m) from the seafloor. Upwelling - the upward movement to the ocean surface of deeper, cold and usually nutrient-rich waters, especially along some shores, due to the offshore movement of surface waters Protecting Our Waters Bio indicator organisms or components of organisms that are used to assess the health of a water system; an organism or community associated with particular environmental condition a change to the number of organisms or the proportions of the community indicate a change in the environment. Dissolved Oxygen Measure of water quality indicating free oxygen dissolved in water. Indicator A chemical material or solution which can be used to show (usually by a change in color) the endpoint of a chemical reaction or chemical concentration. Examples Nitrate nitrogen compounds used for growth by plants and algae; a compound that can be used by photosynthetic life forms to obtain the nitrogen needed for survival pH the measure of how acidic or basic a substance. pH scale rating of how acidic or basic a substance is the scale goes from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral values less than 7 being acidic and values greater than 7 being Turbidity a measure of the clarity of the water (how clear is it?) Water quality used to describe the health of a water system Contaminates Any foreign components in a substance, for example in water. Non-point source pollution pollution that comes from many places or sources that is not easily identified; pollution that results from water flow picking up trash, toxic chemicals, and other types of waste Point Source pollution pollution that can be traced to a specific source such as oil that spills from a pipeline Pollutant any substance or form of energy that can cause harm to the environment and make it unfit for use by organisms; any substance that can negatively affect an ecosystem Stewardship responsibility for conserving and restoring the Earths resources for future generations Wastewater water that runs into drains that may contain sewage and chemicals from homes and businesses or pollutants from industry Food Chain and Food Webs Omnivore- an organism that eats both plants and animals Herbivore- an organism that eats only plants Carnivore- an organism that eats only meat Food web two or more food chains that are interconnected Food chain- a model that shows the flow of energy from one organism to another Predator- an animal that hunts for food Prey- an animal that is hunted for food Producer a plant that make its own food Consumer- an organism that cannot make its own food and must eat to get energy Sea- part of the ocean surrounded by mostly land Salinity- the concentration of salt in the ocean Wave rhythmic movement of energy in the water caused by high winds Tide- the rise and fall of the sea level Upwelling- the upward movement of cold water from the ocean floor El Nino- abnormal climate event that occurs every 2-7 years Continental Shelf - the gradually sloping end of a continent that extends under the ocean Continental Slope- the part of the ocean that extends from the outer edge of the continental shelf down to the ocean floor Abyssal Plains -large, flat areas on the ocean floor Seamounts -underwater volcanic mountains that rise more than 100 meters above the ocean floor Guyots flat topped seamounts Trenches -the deepest parts of the ocean found along the edge of the ocean floor Mid-ocean Ridge- the area in an ocean basin where new ocean floor is formed ./0;p{  @ A B L 9 I t  / Q R T [ ] {h ,5CJ \^JaJ h.@h ,5CJ \^JaJ h ,CJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,5CJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,CJ \^JaJ h ,5>*CJ \^JaJ !hgxh ,5>*CJ \^JaJ !h.@h ,5>*CJ$\^JaJ$hFW5>*CJ$\^JaJ$0/0op A B  8 9 S T gd ,$a$gd ,$a$gdFW B P  , 2 4 B n o p ~ S_" l˽hFWCJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,CJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,5CJ \^JaJ h ,5>*CJ aJ hgxh ,5>*CJ aJ hFW5>*CJ aJ h ,CJ \^JaJ h.@h ,5CJ \^JaJ h.@h ,CJ \^JaJ 4 A B 3 4 o p RS$a$gd ,gd ,mnHIHI$a$gd ,gd ,lmn'GHISGHITHRǹǩthgxh ,5>*CJ aJ h>CJ \^JaJ h>h ,CJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,CJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,5CJ \^JaJ h ,5>*CJ \^JaJ !hgxh ,5>*CJ \^JaJ h>5>*CJ \^JaJ h ,5CJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,CJ ^JaJ )GHGH()pq./$a$gd ,gd ,5#%./HU&'()7q/6fpʻʭʭʭʭʭʭʣʣʭʻʣʭh&!rhFCJ ^JaJ h ,CJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,5CJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,0JCJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,CJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,5CJ \^JaJ hgxh ,5>*CJ aJ h ,5>*CJ aJ 6/efTU78@A67mnygd ,gd ,,U]8D@Q67?nxyz ˾˾˾˗ۊ˾˦˾˾~peph ,5>*CJ aJ hgxh ,5>*CJ aJ h&!rh ,5CJ aJ hF5CJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,0JCJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,5CJ ^JaJ h ,CJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,CJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,5CJ \^JaJ h&!rh ,CJ OJQJ^JaJ &h&!rh ,5CJ OJQJ\^JaJ 'yz !!!e"f"""G#H#####$$$$`%a%&&z&gd ,gd ,$a$gd , !!!!!f"h"""""G#H#Q######$5$$%`%j%&&{&&&&&''#'P'\'}''''''(4(5(?(](c(((((Ϫh ,CJ aJ h.@h ,CJ aJ h.@h ,5CJ aJ h.@h ,5>*CJ ^JaJ hFCJ ^JaJ h ,5CJ ^JaJ h ,CJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,CJ aJ h&!rh ,CJ ^JaJ h&!rh ,5CJ ^JaJ 6z&{&''Q'~'''4(5(](((((0)a)))*L***"+#+Y++ $da$gd ,dgd ,gd ,((((()/):)`)g)))))**K*`*******!+"+#+3+W+d+++++++',(,),:,s,t,u,h ,h:Th ,CJ aJ h.@h ,5CJ aJ h.@h ,CJ aJ h ,CJ aJ *+++(,),u,dgd ,gd ,21h:p ,/ =!"#$% s2&6FVfv2(&6FVfv&6FVfv&6FVfv&6FVfv&6FVfv&6FVfv8XV~ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@ 0@_HmH nH sH tH D`D  ,NormalCJOJQJ_HmH sH tH DA D Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k (No List *W@*  ,Strong5\@^@@ , Normal (Web) OJQJaJPK![Content_Types].xmlN0EH-J@%ǎǢ|ș$زULTB l,3;rØJB+$G]7O٭VvnB`2ǃ,!"E3p#9GQd; H xuv 0F[,F᚜K sO'3w #vfSVbsؠyX p5veuw 1z@ l,i!b I jZ2|9L$Z15xl.(zm${d:\@'23œln$^-@^i?D&|#td!6lġB"&63yy@t!HjpU*yeXry3~{s:FXI O5Y[Y!}S˪.7bd|n]671. tn/w/+[t6}PsںsL. 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