ࡱ> oqno@&=+bjbj p p .<oo=#*******>,2> 2R nH \ $>Rb*h h h ** h * * h ** F g$0 4>>*****h h h h h h h >>dd >>Fred Hoyle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to:  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" \l "column-one#column-one" navigation,  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" \l "searchInput#searchInput" search  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fred_Hoyle.jpg" \o "Sir Fred Hoyle"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Fred_Hoyle.jpg/180px-Fred_Hoyle.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET   HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fred_Hoyle.jpg" \o "Enlarge"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Sir Fred Hoyle Sir Fred Hoyle ( HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_24" \o "June 24" June 24,  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915" \o "1915" 1915 in  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingley" \o "Bingley" Bingley,  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire" \o "Yorkshire" Yorkshire  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_20" \o "August 20" August 20,  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001" \o "2001" 2001 in  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bournemouth" \o "Bournemouth" Bournemouth,  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" \o "England" England) was a  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" \o "United Kingdom" British  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomer" \o "Astronomer" astronomer, notable for a number of his theories that run counter to current astronomical opinion, and a  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writer" \o "Writer" writer of  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction" \o "Science fiction" science fiction, including a number of books co-authored by his son  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Hoyle&action=edit" \o "Geoffrey Hoyle" Geoffrey Hoyle. He spent most of his working life at the  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Astronomy" \o "Institute of Astronomy" Institute of Astronomy at  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" \o "University of Cambridge" Cambridge, and was director of the institute for a number of years. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Hoyle&action=edit§ion=1" \o "Edit section: Contribution to cosmogony" edit] Contribution to cosmogony An early paper of his made an interesting use of the  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_Principle" \o "Anthropic Principle" Anthropic Principle. In trying to work out the routes of  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" \o "Stellar nucleosynthesis" stellar nucleosynthesis, he observed that one particular nuclear reaction, the  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process" \o "Triple-alpha process" Triple-alpha process, which generated  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon" \o "Carbon" carbon, would require the carbon nucleus to have a very specific energy for it to work. The large amount of carbon in the universe, which makes it possible for life to exist, demonstrated that this nuclear reaction must work. Based on this notion, he made a prediction of the energy levels in the carbon nucleus that was later borne out by experiment. His co-worker  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fowler" \o "William Fowler" William Fowler eventually won the  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physics" \o "Nobel Prize for Physics" Nobel Prize for Physics in  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983" \o "1983" 1983 (with  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar" \o "Subramanyan Chandrasekhar" Subramanyan Chandrasekhar), but for some reason Hoyles original contribution was overlooked, and many were surprised that such a notable astronomer missed out. Fowler himself in an  HYPERLINK "http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1983/fowler-autobio.html" \o "http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1983/fowler-autobio.html" autobiographical sketch affirmed Hoyles pioneering efforts: The concept of nucleosynthesis in stars was first established by Hoyle in 1946. This provided a way to explain the existence of elements heavier than  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium" \o "Helium" helium in the universe, basically by showing that critical elements such as carbon could be generated in stars and then incorporated in other stars and planets when that star " HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stellar_death&action=edit" \o "Stellar death" dies". The new stars formed now start off with these heavier elements and even heavier elements are formed from them. Hoyle theorized that other rarer elements could be explained by  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova" \o "Supernova" supernovas, the giant explosions which occasionally occur throughout the universe, whose temperatures and pressures would be required to create such elements. [ HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Hoyle&action=edit§ion=2" \o "Edit section: Rejection of the big bang" edit] Rejection of the big bang While having no argument with the discovery of the expansion of the universe by  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" \o "Edwin Hubble" Edwin Hubble, he disagreed on its interpretation: Hoyle (with  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gold" \o "Thomas Gold" Thomas Gold and  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Bondi" \o "Hermann Bondi" Hermann Bondi, with whom he had worked on  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" \o "Radar" radar in  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" \o "World War II" World War II) argued for the universe being in a " HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_theory" \o "Steady state theory" steady state". The theory tried to explain how the universe could be eternal and essentially unchanging while still having the galaxies we observe moving away from each other. The theory hinged on the creation of matter between galaxies over time, so that even though galaxies get further apart, new ones that develop between them fill the space they leave. The resulting universe is in a "steady state" in the same manner that a flowing river is - the individual water molecules are moving away but the overall river remains the same. The theory was the only serious alternative to the  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" \o "Big Bang" Big Bang which agreed with key observations of the day, namely Hubble's  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%27s_law" \o "Hubble's law" red shift observations, and Hoyle was a strong critic of the Big Bang. Ironically, he is responsible for coining the term "Big Bang" in a  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" \o "British Broadcasting Corporation" BBC radio programme, The Nature of Things while criticising the theory; the text was published in  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950" \o "1950" 1950. Hoyle and other steady-statesmen offered no explanation for the appearance of new matter, other than postulating the existence of some sort of "creation field", but argued that continuous creation was no more inexplicable than the appearance of the entire universe from nothing, although it had to be done on a regular basis. In the end, mounting observational evidence convinced most cosmologists that the steady state model was incorrect and that the Big Bang was the theory that agreed best with observations, although Hoyle clung to his theory, mostly through criticizing the accuracy of astronomers' observations. In 1993, in an attempt to explain some of the evidence against the steady state theory, he presented a modified version called " HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-steady_state_cosmology" \o "Quasi-steady state cosmology" quasi-steady state cosmology" (QSS), but the theory did not capture a significant audience. The evidence that resulted in the Big Bang's victory over the steady state model, at least in the minds of most cosmologists, included the discovery of the  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background" \o "Cosmic microwave background" cosmic microwave background radiation, the distribution of "young galaxies" and  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasars" \o "Quasars" quasars throughout the  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe" \o "Universe" Universe, a more consistent age estimate of the universe (for some time, to the considerable embarrassment of the Big Bang theory, the rocks in the earth appeared to be older than the universe) and most recently the observations of the  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBE" \o "COBE" COBE satellite, which showed that crucial disturbances in the early universe allowed for the creation of galaxies. [  1:;I J K    + , 0 1 5 6 u v } ~ ¶¶¥h65\mH sH j0Jh6B*UmH phsH h6B*mH phsH jh6B*UmH phsH h60JmH sH jh6UmH sH h65CJ\aJmH sH h6mH sH < 1 LcNkd\L$$IfC  ` 634` ap p  & Fdd$If[$\$ -D`M gd6 -D`M gd6p -D`M [$^p gd6 -D`M gd6 =+   ! # $ ] ^ b c g h     ] ^ e f g h VW]^bc_`notu~DEIJȼjLh6UmH sH h6CJaJh6h60JB*mH ph"sH h60JmH sH jh6UmH sH h6mH sH JLf5Mg:+<+=+ -D`M gd6-D`M ^gd6 -D`M gd6 -D`M gd6 J./9:NOab]^lm89=>EFab   !%&'(EFJKh6>*B*mH ph"sH h60JmH sH jh6UmH sH h6mH sH TABOPUVZ[01=>}!~!!!!! " "U"V"l"m"""S#T#W#X#j#~#######&&N'O'k'l'H(I((((())B)C)J)K)[)\)))))*****h66]mH sH h60JmH sH jh6UmH sH h6mH sH U**<+=+h]Nh6mH sH jh6UmH sH ,1h. A!"#$% 0JDd  c dA"180px-Fred_HoyleSir Fred Hoyle"(""Sir Fred Hoyle"R$I%?ZļfDYID FH%?ZļfDYJFIFHHPhotoshop 3.08BIM Print InfoxHH +7G{HH(d'`8BIM ResolutionHH8BIM FX Global Lighting Angle8BIMFX Global Altitude8BIM Print Flags 8BIM Copyright Flag8BIM'Japanese Print Flags 8BIMColor Halftone SettingsH/fflff/ff2Z5-8BIMColor Transfer Settingsp8BIMGuides@@8BIM URL overrides8BIMSlicesu Untitled-18BIMICC Untagged Flag8BIMLayer ID Generator Base8BIM New Windows ThumbnailppPJFIFHHAdobed            pp"?   3!1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdE£t6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw5!1AQaq"2B#R3$brCScs4%&5DTdEU6teuFVfv'7GWgw ?(׫ E. :dUKIe 6U2/.Ⱦ;*حuM\8 Ov{wU_,=nokv3_as:~l(m9D~R1|S; 5nqѭvVhVCf0{Cm1Ů ˿="˲ՀZkT^ExP7VWs,՛`}K+9^`> giwzo-zn7]eg12ZYa#ls]w*tzݓZvRXNq8L ? /JKhn0s5h~N06jߤ:O4XkmO%3wIezpqhk- 0nc7&9lxe]褳T]зp)c+ ly~jqve[5OI ]3$5O-"nu-ph NGZ2+ep8ԃMڮ›AӧA#!ZzLOWRkzm{e๛ُnZj <=L=v;nD#<4k `S}?/٭lhn/OŴ[~ꮣ'{\VRk4S˯u/lqUnTt˺̇(c}GA5 |fv0E;oNjvj}Nc_I N]egP>]k]K,.g{m[5[HȝQ9N1`:^7N=;#'k-.}ϩ}޳=Xg5ZMbkKA#v͌7/[4#tܻ_Csg֩V"aV2ypIy1^Y:kY^k7͕^eYyրq/.qk6ZrF~~^O(kl9~~>͌&oT.u8"jc=f}6cMş#N/N} 5ńZ'? |zS`5K-첷b2&үW:GKlld YMu@=[2ngʽb6smsG` K dG k❮tm]皺`,]Axh'ߵnm'@l]cZmVArؾJ6~Or<:H鮇[7nf3[cIwߟW\}63 93@*{VTՈ?Y?|ڿn=6'=kVj֪kű7`]@ zpՆ BZwjLHs/gF#jgbOP(skō9n{g}zV#˓xU 册u?)mPn. pk{OnOi6ccֆՑ7rKP"r+`3>{ltgZ;!׀ƱCԲe}5c(6o=&ݬve'%JZ, ,ݕ58ٙ99UclY,s>6Yz,'쑵kׯ_W?#Fꎯ:ߍcYaw1,9m>Xx{JV^^^un>a-ԶkKNXqi2Ђ{+\qzM~u}`pLΘFf;ӷoksot1#ŏ}2#輡$TQƺik_;x0OjzϮl1$99 ۙluտbp iF<~S S}\iw(de`1/}Ak. s7 ?oGv}!FQbܮvtM,wTvo?לfᎵ}8n+Z}vQkmf?_iFGo5KMiթJ:UԼ=k\,~VYU> Tpzi9~VKLTF{ZZw~wEmF߲ӷ芫|Zw$Gd6 I:}.]mu{q kGq?7&a DRM5FT8u< 2:`ܪ}<ۋ>Ltގ6]o{KM^)齟?IMVPIh\ֶ}}ߤɭdmN_^&θOb5aէ쾯^6Y-]ѭNn.>p+(߽mt*" *Oʄ:ͭoyM$~A1*_6#fu!IAkC;J}__[2Xǭ̦ed=̥~+oE'>J--!ߜu{cWUU0A}"[z?Pd5MV 1y-=Gպ+ڬuE{fVqo[%ulȬ1ڲ֖x5ߗzKmPHxU4^*:D. яv>N;2qݿ"m.uv3}n*4ѻitpIJYti-eO!1AQ"aq2#B3RSbr%C0!1"2AQaqB#3 ?まP<6x&Z]pH[߭'FرMElH(tvrȒOYXwoqł {%%ɻV)ثk"lk /ѣ~³uM "ÌKUM*P㹟]%,VWh9*W̤̩m)jICԝ%(KY:i"O(oq݌0[,nj9L׏yx0I-:nۧ `l.7kU,(n2 |R2lTȣ_:HVFPvt $S hQYmB[n drK]ӌ5)l-q5ʧm>7WĈ74)An.)%tot"U 6(E,26L5EVVB ȍVT34JU]b o-#B7 ]ZcHo.R?>T}ꗷR\mQT[*]<珖جd*T۴@vq  Fm0dBAnSu!Y,g o*?Pd0Ľ,e;dR6F؞vxwm. D4/36g,-ŻFwދKYgm1[b0-" yP1S[g"]#!b]Wbp murs+!,\'lQŌ0Q`;R=<Þƻ֏+] \k͖>D*fÙQcee6GikҝQU]֒T"mlmH̤PĔ{rq-.vag]ea2[|nK9VcFm|//МJWȁڊ=u19ڳC$tB 5[d,8ؾ]&H7Ϩ؟vƪL\hBĂgXt WM;滺'"B<}f7/ ilb\;:oKC]~,(E]O@i[?g092n} gw e[pL4Z eiVRwffHY.l^݆%caoĨd\e,8c {+>}Hc477mZ]chɫ5c2 1I¹9"S`"4ǗУYS|0e0`FDy|dJ8ݢ0lt'g22`KQYM%N ڄ(mm`VdN9H:*M @e.W܍NYhj\d%`ʙ2`w,=slb3xeDe?yOCO쭆՛[q:Nɧ1}дJd+d_0a+ K|B% 7-'Ӷ_QC9n.[N'1*::^x034W;ӗ+]hɭd֑TX5yu΢+#mbT#\ b[0<"O %OiB[SٖZ7*\&̈"/'JiYQh692=ONH^9>$P{MWKGqKIǓ_K?wOjޭhbAݭ߈C*]x%RiA6~!vCwω2FZi#:zviݮx@vi~38H4$ eU#>cztMk,eAb-Jϗ¹dlFxʹ0cۮ7#56IdJyE(PPҬ&2GNL$2 Ff!QeRĆ@ c=A ⇋<%"fuEiiiQKrKr3S!V\"}O8(wӭC0^L #g \#Z2Xё{=*n\4*._{3΋4Ъ\[9Zu~zqB&XЕˢ ;-5@ul v]82'YC9D.F >ySFړŗKkp$ _]X\[ɶ)uMW[؁KO=,'0 3jwӝkp Ì`8:8nC@Zc7 Zܴ1)DPQ@,Ǔ9/,D/o*6%4h?g]Ku0Ne=[rK*6I-o ¯:tި!^v5~26GZe92++nqb+vP)lb.ؔčr|vIzjjx vH wjs]` Fgx0G]PY ES_R>2;nnr8k U?ٲ]_[D[z_P{;*ܘxJ?ݳd¸=ȁ:`O LK 'Ioz*mȌȒ սm=$0#l We~D972p*EХwbUN];o#2n*fOY#CzJ&KdJ^Yw?A_@G6Ai9 Ĺk{;2_f_zUQdoңֱAceHJ@f_ķX%CS}h)q҆5mBi-ZBM:2qwc/x)L?ēYާ=fX;~0ƑCEBd<44mۭ>2GIјKojUM.ES꧰ !$h)$F"A$LNԃ8ͯ, |K{y[z3.kK԰awcʄ97E pś?kiT=(sjՈ@68RXlu? 1̣q[[ Kh6}+BPcT8 `x75eb&ퟹ>f]^O=v<{Yog8@Is<['ҳ.J?$v:8ڵ .0fG 3pfy ;@wV+kq[W=*6AgϭBl]Gi_`ŹG™}#c+J}ت1ԂU^w·L*FI*雥1̯Fi%z~5PP,C ^9W"?uJA_1nɘ{WjNgܽV|[ke^ ?e-m,U-${YrIlx?G Tip7\ ~8>?ŕH#=Kzw>m93KOW~fK[L-̝P?]>`tk gj}@T|Glf{x\s{Vkp&~"Z{z:ԃdls Grh+A;Z`s97sWB$i<A?oT1"G|*vCeH<4cxRUز7ѡ4l3Z/,o1n=i cq"lDNfU%eĨح2,\_$1зEuJ@ U" K=jTN&4|UgݫO*dB. YIAJڋb0|䁒+b޻T>#5}(! m:ikDt=ҧJJh//! XC…] w}bZo:#ctZy-;Y["zG(" PLs^xB >B*Up1O8Yb1J#^C57zM)o~凴 a-Z~Zq1NfR`!$!IFCWL՜%vʏ"ouwpNdH(n fiV$sTu;Zp*$fxQb{9ZѪnQxS܌لwF}u>9ad+`~8e6WS&χF?#Bm=Mڈ@ 7i5VkS'QR}9O,!aa^ BG~#\%&Qs.^k2gwvc_HѸ!JiX0ȆDg]vAHة`2ƧA{Z =Tz]9 "ɳ.':ik~6$%/uM?g^şg71<&u?SZkyMGe% QŒNc=~Nn@Rdg]ǘw*x0aQ;Qp/I$R{ҿ4d?tqf[^AtX 3uRg($}?AŚX,vb޽ѿS@zjaY'_oPl& a*W Ma8?th!>b0%2?MQ{;&Q ZIJ~UPdweHd51 GzJ 3H1V<!֡7c2&?ƿf|IwK4DULue9w߳G,*" {v ʶx5;C*djlTkgʨIcS"Dng>ȍwo[HIt=ԍZNs"RK/qG4/)DCc=pF?(@_wq"~x@g)3,y I6hڠ}* ŶȋlDhҍEy.vIJWo1`w q{@W=dȟUqTZ-gd^W#@k" QI tC_ '1׺IjgDffnjH= v;H8,FLjI4S$W3(\f*{_#N6g"-s/*"MkjXkQ(8WbI+l6:ڭq1! y7[da$nf?VqkY\a5[28}A[Z's-0K_=THvXdoʺI#H]*,7IJIuǩYa#]~,O>^eav"Hdo0e~qZH5F ec |T$'( ]Xɥϥھaşd+\nmy0C X͇[`aqaR)A^D̗y)~lC;U@Z2m4~DnIcu2(|=7SamO1\ @f::pS g:]O]ђ;XB}цUYy38Èrh$4[w^sTv })?hQDqHṿ~DZձ #+6lɖNhe}ut:o99#Kgެ<:?s+]j5oV@G'M7 s=}4[O,cިEId\S^o ͼXwP- 2'm< }{jOP $$֎fhyt_CDBs.]E] yY뼎[HEBGHu'~PS5M6/B/>jM:5"anbbRe9"ox(;?ҬG0g}C#E%AS DNIv;f$LsҤ+opWu$),;ng9b& p!IƪFO2OsǴWv1iys*P7AXzn&ƑsP̅x{'d~_y&fj~3|E2SriC$Z93o_~Dl?fYs2[1nR71M1hQzn"̍߈E=B7Le0v>ҥKocC528@*y>qX{K̲&U$ kH?DO‘[]tr}֩Yf]e55i:e}O?Sn Ohl~{Ђ&MP(}w kPG@ıHojeFegzH[haK d `yTq"Pdl.|ngߚ }j BW#n&9b1ȫc&PEjYNCU6`w3a'_ ˷~IRoht(VxTpLlLII!pѢNq Kw:/.CkаPdIa%ʭ|;bAM!ʈb=YZ eցb+\~gN]`q9u*4Q<[Hs7OؾyZl3wѺU>X=O2=soW$GW_-Z# yS\b1v] wV type="text/javascript"b!X󆡑NB,M nX󆡑NBPNG  IHDRfsRGB@}0PLTE{bIDATE!0Eq^uM&VUp\ &C|)"3.8̴(6 jPtsʄ&)NU- \^w& ^eyƾ_c|_^9IENDB`@@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH&sH&tH&V`V 6 Heading 1dd@&[$\$5CJ0KH$\_HLaJ0R`"R 6 Heading 2dd@&[$\$5CJ$\_HLaJ$R`2R 6 Heading 3dd@&[$\$5CJ\_HLaJDA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No List4U`4 6 Hyperlink >*phF^`F 6 Normal (Web)dd[$\$_HL*o* 6 toctoggle*o!* 6 tocnumber&o1& 6toctext=# < 1L f  5Mg:#<#?#0(000000 0 0 00x000}|00}|00}|00}|00<{00 1L f  5Mg:#<#?#|0G@|0|0|0|0|0G@|0  G@|0|0|0|0}|0}|0G@}|0 J*=+L=+=+:IJ+05u} #]bg]egV]b_nt~D I  . 9 N a  ] l 8=Ea  %'EJAOUZ0=} UlSWNkH !B!J![!!!"""=#XXXCXCXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXContribution_to_cosmogonyRejection_of_the_big_bangL M?#L M?# 01:,025v} ^bdg ^eW]_b`nqu~E I L e f  . : N Q a   ^ l n 9=@EKLa45 !%)KL'*FJMfgAPUWZ1=A} VloTWY~Oko  H !C!J!L![!!!!""""##9#?# 01K L e f  45LMfg9#:#<#?#1f :#<#?#?# Muizniekss'$'%^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(opp^p`CJOJQJo(@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(s'$uponh8> iI{$b&0^]*p 0^]*F&op BZ/0^]*@80^]**YA8IbX0^]*p I~Ianh*YAF&o8> p iI{I~Ia,B{0^]*@T~0^]*@\[,&vo R@ DUv^XjV~\>$Nj%$O'(#+h2p2"6'833:Nf:2;=;?V<Q>B8?RCEjF7K L]N68QLS3 UV-Wf+\H ]7^ b`bDk?(m;m]tm o9r$sZTtwMp8L|T EaoF$3Vct6+?#@H C {=#@UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial?5 z Courier New;Wingdings"hF Fq q #r4+#+# 3QH-? E Fred Hoyle Muiznieks Muiznieks Oh+'0x  4 @ LX`hp Fred Hoylered Muiznieksuizuiz Normal.dot Muiznieks1izMicrosoft Word 10.0@F#@h@q ՜.+,D՜.+,D hp   Organizacijac+#{  Fred Hoyle Title 8@ _PID_HLINKSA| Z"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBE_&http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UniverseA%http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuasarsV9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-steady_state_cosmology "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950d.>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Broadcasting_CorporationjU~,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%27s_lawb{&http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_BangMx1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_theoryWu*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II5{r#http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radaroo+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_BondiH1l)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Goldpi*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_HubblejfKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Hoyle&action=edit&section=2=`c'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova'`Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stellar_death&action=edit9n]$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeliumUIZAhttp://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1983/fowler-autobio.htmlaW7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar T"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983Q5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physics tN,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fowler6aK$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CarbonXzH2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_processd E5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesissB1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_Principlei?Khttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Hoyle&action=edit&section=1r%<5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_CambridgeN94http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_AstronomyxQ6Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Hoyle&action=edit} 3-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction3d0$http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writer7o-(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomer*X*,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_KingdomY'%http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnglandV$)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bournemouth!"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001s'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_20+k'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire^%http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingley "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915p%http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_24 s 2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fred_Hoyle.jpg s2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fred_Hoyle.jpgFc(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_HoylesearchInput#searchInput+(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Hoylecolumn-one#column-one  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ[\]^`abcdefghijklmpRoot Entry F@rData P1TableHWordDocument.<SummaryInformation(WDocumentSummaryInformation8_CompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q