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Schultheiss<Z:\EAUhistory\Vienna 2004\Abstracts\Testicle - Buyukunal.docCenk ByknalNMacintosh HD:Desktop Folder:ESPU History Session 2005:Testicle - Buyukunal.docCenk Byknal[Macintosh HD:Desktop Folder:ESPU History Session 2005:ads1z klasr:Testicle - Buyukunal.doc@   O5CJOJQJOJQJ56OJQJ CJOJQJ7$8$H$OJQJH0:;< CE<@CDnoGH    011`0t0v0 @0 @1&1N0 @1n110&0@0@11 @01@10d@10@1x00@ GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial3Times"q AfMMITr02Q@FThe adventure of  oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottoman SchultheissCenk Byknal i(@( NormalCJmH<A@< Default Paragraph Font z w   !#'JKLZ_xy /0:<?@NQ+,qr^`  89[]CDJLwy QR()wxYZefQR01vw kl56 i(@( NormalCJmH<A@< Default Paragraph Font z w   !#'JKLZ_xy /0:<?@NQ+,qr^`  89[]CDJLwy QR()wxYZefQR01vw kl56 Schultheiss<Z:\EAUhistory\Vienna 2004\Abstracts\Testicle - Buyukunal.docCenk ByknalNMacintosh HD:Desktop Folder:ESPU History Session 2005:Testicle - Buyukunal.doc@r^O@ @GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial" Af AfITr02Q@FThe adventure of  oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottoman SchultheissCenk Byknal Schultheiss<Z:\EAUhistory\Vienna 2004\Abstracts\Testicle - Buyukunal.docCenk ByknalNMacintosh HD:Desktop Folder:ESPU History Session 2005:Testicle - Buyukunal.doc@r^O@ @GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial" Af AfITr02Q@FThe adventure of  oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottoman SchultheissCenk Byknal2Q@FThe adventure of  oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottoman SchultheissCenk Byknal ՜.+,0 hp|  Za'mhh GThe adventure of oriental testis and surgical procedures in OttomanGThe adventure of oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottoman TitleTitel Oh+'0x   ( 4 @ LX`hpa'he  SchultheisschuchuNormaleCenk Byknalf4nkMicrosoft Word 9.0r@V@n/m@$k@/mITcESPU History Session 2005 - The adventure of oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottoman Abstract-6 will be discussed . ? jbjb}} lVVVV b, !r*v SξV""The adventure of oriental testis and history of testis in Ottoman Period Ayten Altintas(*), S.N. Cenk Buyukunal(**) Departments of Medical History and Ethics(*) and Pediatruc Surgery and Urology(**),Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul,Turkey According to the old medical records castration seems to be the first testicular surgical procedure which was mentioned in historical documents.One of the oldest tribes of Turks called Hien-Hun (2400 B.C) castrated the horses in order to get faster and more powerful horses.These horses were known as equus hunnicus. In ancient Egypt, Pharoahs ordered the castration of defeated enemies and soldiers. According to Islamic religion, castration was completely forbidden , however various surgical techniques related with castration have been mentioned in various documents such as: Divan-i Lugat-it Turk, Kitab-al Falaha. First castration techniques for those males ill and weak was performed in Babylon (2000 B.C). Castration for the male workers of Harem was a common practice in Asurian period and in ancient China. Besides castration was a well-known procedure during Roman period, Byzantine period and in Iranian palace. In medievel period, children from North Africa (35.000 children per year !) were collected and castrated in a region in France and sold in slave bazaars. Muaviye (Arab Emperor) was the first Islamic King who collected eunuchs in the palace. During Ottoman Empire, Murat the Second (XVth Century) was the first emperor who brought eunuchs from Egypt to use in Ottoman harem. In Ottoman history , Ali Pasha (Prime minister in 18th century) was the first high ranked official person who tried to prevent castration legally. The details of castration techniques have been given in surgical textbooks such as Kitab al Tasrif (Xth century), Cerrahiye-i Ilhaniye (XVth century). In oriental part of the world, organotherapy (eating testicular tissue or drinking testicular suspensions) in order to treat impotence problem or to increase sexual feelings was a common procedure. In this paper the details of above mentioned procedures will be given in detail and practice in oriental countries (especially in Islamic religion) will be discussed . n`vx׽B*OJQJmH ph5B*CJOJQJmH ph5B*CJmH phB*CJmH ph56B*mH phmH  B*mH ph DKLxy  R)x Z  f  R 1 w $7$8$H$a$Root Entry F<@m61TableWordDocument9SummaryInformation(D-0123457/8:;<=>?@ABCDEFDocumentSummaryInformation8=CompObjXObjectPoolkk0Table  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<>?@ABCEFGHIJKL$$$$s$s$s$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$DKLqr  S"000000000000 w   !#'JKQUWfhp/0:<?@NQ+,qr,=_a !:;]_CDJLpr QR()wxYZefRS12wx!"mn78 Schultheiss<Z:\EAUhistory\Vienna 2004\Abstracts\Testicle - Buyukunal.docCenk ByknalNMacintosh HD:Desktop Folder:ESPU History Session 2005:Testicle - Buyukunal.doc@<O5CJ56CJKL`pr 23  0 @0 @1&1N0 @1n110&0@0@11 @01@10d@10@0@GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial"q AfMITr02Q@FThe adventure of  oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottoman SchultheissCenk Byknal ՜.+,0 hp|  Za'mhh FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8 i(@( NormalCJmH<A@< Default Paragraph Font zDKLqr  R)xZfS2x"n8$$ GThe adventure of oriental testis and surgical procedures in OttomanGThe adventure of oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottoman TitleTitel Oh+'0 0 HT p | a'GThe adventure of oriental testis and surgical procedures in Ottomanshe  SchultheisschuchuNormaleCenk Byknalf3nkMicrosoft Word 9.0r@^в@$k@\'mIT? jbjb}}lt :   ,   @@@@ @ @T@  2Fξ:N @ @The adventure of oriental testis and history of testis in Ottoman Period Ayten Altintas(*), S.N. Cenk Buyukunal(**) Departments of Medical History and Ethics(*) and Pediatruc Surgery and Urology(**),Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul,Turkey According to the old medical records castration seems to be the first testicular surgical procedure which was mentioned in historical documents.One of the oldest tribes of Turks called Hien-Hun (2400 B.C) castrated the horses in order to get faster and more powerful horses.These horses were known as equus hunnicus. In ancient Egypt, Pharoahs ordered the castration of defeated enemies and soldiers. According to Islamic religion, castration was completely forbidden , however various surgical techniques related with castration have been mentioned in various documents such as: Divan-i Lugat-it Turk, Kitab-al Falaha. First castration techniques for those males ill and weak was performed in Babylon (2000 B.C). Castration for the male workers of Harem was a common practice in Asurian period and in ancient China. Besides castration was a well-known procedure during Roman period, Byzantine period and in Iranian palace. In medievel period, children from North Africa (35.000 children per year !) were collected and castrated in a region in France and sold in slave bazaars. Muaviye (Arab Emperor) was the first Islamic King who collected eunuchs in the palace. During Ottoman Empire, Murat the Second (XVth Century) was the first emperor who brought eunuchs from Egypt to use in Ottoman harem. In Ottoman history , Ali Pasha (Prime minister in 18th century) was the first high ranked official person who tried to prevent castration legally. The details of castration techniques have been given in surgical textbooks such as Kitab al Tasrif (Xth century), Cerrahiye-i Ilhaniye (XVth century). In oriental part of the world, organotherapy (eating testicular tissue or drinking testicular suspensions) in order to treat impotence problem or to increase sexual feelings was a common procedure. In this paper the details of above mentioned procedures will be given in detail and practice in oriental countries (especially in Islamic religion) will be discussed . nB*CJmH ph56B*mH phmH  B*mH phDKLxy  R)x Z  f  R 1 w $7$8$H$a$DKLxy  R)x Z  f  R 1 w l 6'w l 6($a$ $7$8$H$a$ #0P/ =!"#$n%S.N. Cenk Buyukunal,Ayten AltintasDepartments of Paediatric Surgery Section of Paediatric Urology, Medical History and Ethics Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty,University of Istanbul,Turkeyyear DKLxy  R)x Z  f  R 1 w l 6'w l 6(vx$a$ $7$8$H$a$#0P/ =!"#$n%S.N. Cenk Buyukunal,Ayten AltintasDepartments of Paediatric Surgery Section of Paediatric Urology, Medical History and Ethics Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty,University of Istanbul,Turkeyyear