ࡱ> 574M bjbj== %.WWl,  ,,<$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ OQQQQQQ$  ,lu$ $ $ $ $ up$ $ ppp$ F$ $ Op$ OppZO$  nG_H6, j ?O0GpOp,,Psych 11 Module 17 Cognitive Development Learning, Reasoning and Language Development over the Life Span Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development ______________________ (1896-1980) Swiss psychologist who became leading theorist in 1930s Piaget believed that __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ of the world These understandings are in the form of structures he called _________________________ Development of Schemas Schemas are ______________________ develop to help _____________________________ __________________ - process of taking new information or a new experience __________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Piagets approach Primary method ___________________________________________________ and to question them about the reasoning behind their solutions Discovered that children think ___________________________________________________ Proposed that development occurs as a __________________________________ differing in how the world is understood ________________________ Stage (___________________) Information is gained through __________________________________________________ In this stage child ____________________________________________________________ Symbols become internalized through language development _______________________________________ _____________________________ The understanding that objects exist independent of ones actions or perceptions of them __________________________ infants act as if objects removed from sight cease to exist Can be surprised by disappearance / reappearance of a face (peek-a-boo) ________________________ Stage (______________) ___________________________________________ __________________________ ____________________________________________________ Conservation Number Why do they fail to solve conservation problems: ________________________________ Irreversibility of thought-- ______________________________________________ (e.g., the pouring process that would return the water to its original container). ___________________________________ Stage (_____________ years) __________________________________________________________ to increasingly logical thought Classification and categorization Less egocentric ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Stage (age ____________________) ________________________________________ Adolescent egocentrism illustrated by the phenomenon of ____________________________________ __________________________________________ New studies indicate infants do more than sense and react One study had 1 month old babies suck one of two pacifiers without ever seeing them When shown both pacifiers, infants stared more at the one they had felt in their mouth This requires a sort of reasoning Critique of Piagets Theory Underestimates childrens abilities Overestimates age differences in thinking Vagueness about the process of change Underestimates the role of the social environment Lack of evidence for qualitatively different stages Information-Processing Perspective Focuses on the mind as a system, analogous to a computer, for analyzing information from the environment Developmental improvements reflect increased capacity of working memory faster speed of processing new algorithims (methods) more stored knowledge Vygotskys Sociocultural Perspective Emphasized the childs interaction with the social world (other people) as a cause of development Vygotsky believed language to be the foundation for social interaction and thought Piaget believed language was a byproduct of thought ________________________________ Preview Universal Characteristics of Human Language Course of Development Supports for Language Development Language Learning among Nonhuman Apes Universal Characteristics of Human Language _______________________________________. What are the common elements? _________________________ - _________________________ units of language _________________________ morphemes (e.g., nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) _________________________________ (e.g., articles, conjunctions, some prefixes and suffixes) Universal Characteristics of Human Language _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Language Development Infant preference for human speech over other sounds ______________________________________________ used in all languages _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ infants coo and babble Language Development Features of Young Childrens Speech __________________________ _________________________ ___________________________ Mean length of utterance (MLU) Supports for Language Development ____________________________________________________ - innate foundations for grammar and learning the unique rules of a cultures language Language-acquisition support system - aspects of the social world that help infants acquire language (e.g., parentese) Animal communication Can animals learn language? _________________________________________. primate studies--because of __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ can acquire vocabulary with much effort, _____________________________ of first words _________________________________________ do _______________________________________ in conversation answer questions with words contained in the questions ,lmB  < 5 6 g , R 'ʹʹʹʕʹʕʕʹʕsʹ!B*CJOJQJaJmH phsH !B*CJOJQJaJmH phsH !B*CJOJQJaJ mH phsH $B*CJOJQJ]aJmH phsH !B*CJOJQJaJmH phsH B*CJOJQJmH phsH '5B*CJOJQJ\aJ$mH phsH #5B*CJOJQJ\mH phsH &,lmL_Bq j  & F^ ^` & F $^`a$    < 5 6 g ) J g ,  & F & F & F & FR{> 'Ku$ !G & F & F & F & F#$G1SZ[|57ij6O߽߬߬߬ߛ߽ B*CJphB*OJQJmH phsH !B*CJOJQJaJmH phsH  >*B*CJOJQJmH phsH !B*CJOJQJaJ mH phsH !B*CJOJQJaJmH phsH B*CJOJQJmH phsH !B*CJOJQJaJ%mH phsH "12S[ZP|6_ & F & F & F & F & F ^` & F_/ij69:Oi & F h^h & F & F & F & F & F#0P/ =!"#$% i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH T`T Heading 17$8$@&H$!B*CJ(OJQJaJ(mH phsH \`\ Heading 27$8$@&H$^`B*OJQJmH phsH \`\ Heading 3I7$8$@&H$^I`B*OJQJmH phsH d`d Heading 4L7$8$@&H$^`L!B*CJOJQJaJmH phsH <A@< Default Paragraph Font.,lmL_Bqj<56g)Jg,   R {  > ' K u  $ !G12S[ZP|6_/ij69:Oi0000 0W 0W0W 0W0W0 0 00I 0000 0s 0s 0s0 0  0  0  0 000 0  0( 000 0  0  0 0 000 0 0( 04000 0 0 0 00 0 0  0 0e 0 0  0  0  0 0 0!  0"  0#  0$  0% 0 0&  0' ( 0(w ( 0)w ( 0*w ( 0+w 0 0,  0-  0. 0 0 0/( 00=( 01=( 02=( 03=00 04 05( 06D( 07D0 08: 09:( 0:( 0;( 0<0j0 0=( 0>( 0? 0@ 0A 0B000 0Ci 0Di 0Ei 0Fi0 0G( 0H 00 0I$( 0J908 0K8 0L8 08 0RB0 _ !+-:.7}t{g i IMRYms333333333333333333333K.S.S.%H:\AutoRecovery save of Document1.asdK.S.S.?H:\Psych Site\Psych Site\Grade 11\Notes\Piaget and Language.docK.S.S./H:\AutoRecovery save of Piaget and Language.asdK.S.S.?H:\Psych Site\Psych Site\Grade 11\Notes\Piaget and Language.doc(b#* `LHD @CJOJQJo(z  d@CJ OJQJo(zX @CJOJQJo(y @CJ OJQJo(y @CJOJQJo(zT @CJOJQJo(y @CJOJQJo(z @CJOJQJo(yP @CJOJQJo(x@d0@UnknownG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Arial?& Arial BlackEMonotype Sorts"qh&&&y *!20S2QCognitive DevelopmentK.S.S.K.S.S. 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