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Greek Poetry and Fables -Greek poems serve as models for European and American poems. -The first great epics were the Illiad and the Odyssey, written by Homer. -A slave named Aesop wrote many fables. III. Greek Drama -The Greeks used drama as a part of their religious festivals. -Two types of drama-tragedies and comedies. -Aeschylus wrote a group of three plays called Oresteia. -Sophocles wrote Oedipus and Antigone. -Euripides wrote plays about real life people. -Aristophanes wrote comedies. IV. Greek Art and Architecture -Greek artists believed in the idea of reason, balance, harmony, and moderation. -Architecture included columns. Also began to use marble. -Greek sculpture expressed Greek ideas. Chapter 5 Part 2: Greek Philosophy and History I. Greek Philosophers -philosophy-“love of wisdom” -philosophers believed the human mind could understand everything. -Pythagoras-taught that the universe followed the same laws that governed music and numbers. -Sophists did not believe that gods and goddesses influenced people. -Socrates-believed that an absolute truth existed and that all real knowledge was within each person. Tried and sentenced to death. -Socratic method-uses questions to lead students to discover things for themselves. -Plato-Republic-described the ideal government. Top-rulers and governors Middle-warriors Bottom-all others -Aristotle-opened his own school-Lyceum. -“golden mean”- a person should do nothing to excess II. Greek Historians -Herodotus-“father of history” -Thucydides- History of the Peloponnesian War Chapter 5 Part 3: Alexander the Great I. Macedonia Attacks Greece -Macedonia-north of Greece -Philip II –united Greece with Macedonia to defeat Persians. -Demosthenes-lawyer-tried to warn the Athenians. II. Alexander Builds an Empire -Alexander the Great-King of Macedonia after father’s death. -Conquest of Persian begins in 334 B.C.-Battle of Granicus Persian forces are destroyed. -Issus-Persian army defeated and Greek city states are freed. Egypt and Syria are captured. -Alexandria-built as center of business-one of most important cities -323 B.C.- Alexander planned to invade southern Arabia, but fell ill and died. -Hellenistic Era-Greek language and ideas spread to non-Greek areas -After Alexander’s death, his generals fought for power-Four kingdoms emerged. -New cities were created in the Hellenistic Era. Chapter 5 Part 4: The Spread of Greek Culture I. Greek Culture Spreads -Philosophers, poets, scientists, and writers move to the new cities. -Hellenistic kings hired Greek architects and sculptors. -Literature: Appolonius-Argonautica Theocritus-short poems about beauty and nature -plays were about love and relationships II. Philosophy -Epicurus-Epicureanism-happiness was a goal of life -Stoicism-developed by Zeno-happiness comes from reason, not emotions III. 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