ࡱ> \^[_ $bjbj 4Hr=\r=\%        8XLD D"   DDDDDDD$FdI5D 5D    JDOOO&    DODOO@C n { RA"C`D0DAAJ]JDCJ CO5D5DdDJ> : Beowulf Reading Comprehension Questions Pre-reading considerations What is your idea of a hero? What is courage? How would you define it? What qualities do you believe a good leader should possess? What does it mean to be loyal? Why is your reputation important? ABOUT BEOWULF Setting: 6th c. AD in Daneland (modern Denmark), then in Geatland (Norway) Style: epic poem, including caesuras, strong 4-beat rhythm, alliteration Author: oral tradition at first, established by scops, then 2 priests in the early 11th century wrote the only surviving manuscript Themes: Good vs. evil; the importance of loyalty Characters: (These are not in chronological order) Higlacking of the Geats, Beowulfs kinsman (uncle, probably) Herotmead-hall of the Danes BeowulfGeatish hero Hrothgarwise, good king of the Danes Wiglafa Swede who changed sides to follow Beowulf; helped Beowulf defeat the Dragon Grendelmonster who attacks the Danes for 12 years; descendent from Cain Grendels Motherattacks the Danes after Grendel is killed Hrunting (The Battle with Grendels Mother)the sword Beowulf takes into the fen-pool; melts Nagling (The Battle with the Dragon)the sword Beowulf takes to the dragons lair; also destroyed EdgethoBeowulfs father, mentioned in kennings like Edgethos son, referring to Beowulf HealfdaneHrothgars father, mentioned in kennings like Healfdanes son, referring to Hrothgar WealtheowHrothgars queen GeatsBeowulfs people, from Geatland (modern Norway) DanesHrothgars people, from Daneland (modern Denmark Grendel Attacks the Danes What is Herot? Mead-hall, characterized as paradise Who is Grendel? Monster from the swamp What does Grendel resent about Hrothgar and his men? Their joy, music, community What does Grendel do at Herot? He eats several men, then takes up residence when the Danes flee. How long did Grendels wrath reign? 12 years Why is Hrothgars throne untouched by Grendel? Its holy, protected by God. The Coming of Beowulf Who is Healfdanes son? What is this an example of? Hrothgar, kenning (hyphenated noun phrase in place of a noun) Why does Beowulf come to Herot? He heard the songs about Grendel. Came to defeat Grendel. How many men does he bring? 14 Who meets his men on the shore? Danish sentinel or watchman What does Beowulfs way of identifying himself suggest about the values of a warrior culture? He tells about his fathers and grandfathers prowess on the battle field, and his own heroic feats. Sets up boasting to achieve immortality through scops. How does Beowulf convince the man of his heroics? He boasts of not only his own successes on the battle field, but also those of his father and grandfather. What does Beowulf say has brought him to battle? Songs from across the sea How does he intend to make it a fair fight? Hes going to fight hand-to-hand, without a sword. If Beowulf dies, who will he blame? God or Fate The Battle With Grendel What is the foreshadowing in line 310? That Grendel will die. Where did Beowulf and Grendel battle? In Herot What advantage does Beowulf have in the battle? He has the advantage of surprise, catching Grendel unprepared for opposition. What advantage does Grendel have in battle? (Lines 355-363) Beowulfs men cant help. They dont have super-human strength, and their swords dont work against Grendel. How many men are left by the battles end? 13 of the original 14 (one was eaten when Grendel came in) Who is defeated and how? Grendel is defeated; has his arm ripped off. What is left at Herot at the end? The arm, hung on the rafters as a trophy. The Monsters Lair In the interlude on page 34, who does Grendels mother attack? Hrothgars closest friend Where do the monsters live? In the fen-pool or swamp What important about Grendels parentage? Hes descended from Cain (jealous, murderer) What do you know about the narrator/speaker from lines 479-484? Hes a Christian; Beowulf is a Christian hero What can you infer about his audience? Christian audience How will the victor be rewarded if he succeeds? With justice Why do you think the scops added this passage? Christ allegory: death, harrowing Hell, and resurrection The Battle With Grendels Mother What is the mood of lines 421-423? Urgency, righteous anger, blood-lust What poetic device is greedy she-wolf an example of? kenning What is important about the details of travels through the lake? Beowulf holds his breath for hours. Superhuman strength. Also Christ allegory. What wont work against Grendels mother? Beowulfs sword, Hrunting. What does work against Grendels mother? The giants sword, found in her own lair. What finally becomes of Grendel? He died in the lair of blood loss. Beowulf takes his head back to Herot. What do the men erroneously assume of Beowulf? They believe hes dead. Its been 7-8 hours since he went into the pool. What does Beowulf return with? Grendels head and the hilt of the giants sword Who is finally mentioned at the very end of this section? Wealhtheow. (Its a bad translation.) The Battle with the Dragon What happens in the interlude on page 38? Hrothgar pledges friendship between the Geats and Danes forever; Beowulf goes home to Geatland. How has the setting changed in this segment? Were now in Geatland, 50 years later. How is this battle like the previous two? Beowulf comes to the rescue of a helpless people. How is this battle different than the previous two? Beowulf is an old man now. The people needing help are his own rather than strangers. Beowulf is king. Who is Beowulf fighting? The Dragon What does Beowulfs speech (ln 733-760) suggest to you about Anglo-Saxon values? Fearlessness, self-sacrifice, great physical strength Who is Wiglaf? A Swede who changed sides after a battle between the Swedes and the Geats. What does Wiglaf say to Beowulfs men? He implores them to be loyal and give their lives to their good, brave king. What does Wiglaf do in the battle? He alone supports Beowulf against the dragon. Wiglaf deals the death-blow to the dragon with his own sword, while he huddles behind Beowulfs shield. What commentary does the author make about gold in this passage? So gold can easily triumph over man, no matter how deep its hidden. Essentially greed can overpower anyone. What is Beowulfs dying wish? All the dragons gold will be left forever in the tower. This is wergild to repay Beowulf for the Geats cowardice. What does Beowulf give Wiglaf? Beowulfs own gold helmet, mail and rings in order to pass the kingship to Wiglaf. What does the last line of the section indicate about Anglo-Saxon values? Loyalty is the most valuable of all characteristics. In Beowulfs death scene, what is shown about the importance in warrior culture of the commemoration of individuals after death? This is how Anglo-Saxons achieve immortalityin the memory of the living. The Farewell Describe what the Geats did to Beowulfs body per his request. Cremated in a huge funeral fire; ashes sealed up in the tower by the sea, with all the dragons hoardlasting testament to the Geats cowardice. What happened to all the gold? Walled up into the tower with Beowulfs ashes. How does Beowulf compare to modern heroes? What kind of man did this culture value? Did Beowulf live up to these values?     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