ࡱ> )` Rbjbj-{{y8^^^^8"LnQ$$:XXXOOOOOOO$Rh[U|O!@X!!O^^$:P***!.^8$:O*!O**d--: pu/$|- 1P0Q-,U%U-U-pXTF*l XXXOOg*jXXXQ!!!!d&^^^^^^  ACCA F9 Financial Management Revision Class 5 Session 5 Patrick Lui hklui2007@yahoo.com.hk Revision 7 Revision 7 Risk Management Topic List 1.Exchange Rate SystemsExam Question Referencea. Fixed exchange ratesb. Freely floating exchange ratesc. Managed floating exchange rates2.Types of Foreign Currency Riska. Transaction riskPilot Jun 13 Jun 14Q2a Q3c Q2db. Translation riskPilot Dec 09 Jun 13Q2a Q3c Q3cc. Economic riskPilot Dec 09 Jun 13Q2a Q3c Q3c3.Causes of Exchange Rate Fluctuationsa. Balance of paymentsb. Purchasing power parity theoryPilot Jun 11 Jun 12 Pilot 14Q2b Q4a(i) Q3e Q3ac. Interest rate parity theoryJun 11 Pilot 14Q4a(i) Q3ad. Expectations theoryJun 12Q3ed. The international Fisher effecte. Four-way equivalence 4.Hedging Techniques for Foreign Currency Riska. Deal in home currencyJun 14Q2ab. Do nothingc. Leading and laggingDec 07 Dec 08 Jun 14Q4d Q4d Q2dd. MatchingJun 14Q2de. Nettingf. Forward contractsPilot Dec 07 Dec 08 Dec 09 Jun 11 Jun 12 Jun 13 Pilot 14Q2c Q4d Q4c Q3d Q4a(ii) Q3d Q3d Q3bg. Money market hedgePilot Dec 07 Dec 08 Dec 09 Jun 11 Jun 12 Jun 13 Pilot 14Q2d Q4d Q4d Q3d Q4a(ii) Q3d Q3d Q3b5.Foreign Currency Derivativesa. Currency futuresPilot Dec 08 Dec 09Q2e Q4d Q3db. Currency optionsDec 08 Dec 09Q4d Q3dc. Currency swapDec 08 Dec 09Q4d Q3d6.Interest Rate Riska. Gap/interest rate exposureb. Basis risk7.Causes of Interest Rate Fluctuationsa. Term structure of interest ratesDec 09Q2bb. Yield curvesc. Factors affecting the shape of the yield curvesLiquidity preference theoryDec 09 Dec 13Q2b Q4dExpectation theoryDec 09 Dec 13Q2b Q4dMarket segmentation theoryDec 09 Dec 13Q2b Q4dd. Significance of yield curves to financial manager 8.Hedging Techniques for Interest Rate Riska. Matching and SmoothingDec 12Q3cb. Forward rate agreement (FRA)Dec 12Q3cc. Interest rate futuresDec 08Q2ad. Interest rate optionsDec 08Q2ae. Interest rate swapsDec 08Q2a Chapter 19 Foreign Exchange Risk I. Exchange Rate System and movement 1. If the US dollar weakens against the pound sterling, will UK exporters and importers suffer or benefit? UK exporters to USUK importers from USABenefitBenefitBSufferSufferCBenefitSufferDSufferBenefit 2. Pechora Co is a German business that has purchased goods from a supplier, Kama Co, which is based in the USA. Pechora Co has been invoiced in euros and payment is to be made 30 days after the purchase. During this 30-day period, the euro strengthened against the US$. Assuming neither Pechora Co nor Kama Co hedge against currency risk, what would be the currency gain or loss for each party as a result of this transaction? PechoraKamaANo gain or lossGainBGainNo gain or lossCNo gain or lossLossDLossNo gain or loss 3. Sirius plc is a UK business that has recently purchased machinery from a Bulgarian exporter. The company has been invoiced in sterling and the terms of sale include payment within sixty days. During this payment period, the sterling weakened against the Bulgarian lev. If neither Sirius plc nor the Bulgarian exporter hedge against foreign exchange risk, what would be the foreign exchange gain or loss arising from this transaction for Sirius plc and for the Bulgarian exporter? Sirius plcBulgarian exporterANo gain or lossGainBGainNo gain or lossCNo gain or lossLossDLossNo gain or loss 4. The current euro / US dollar exchange rate is 1 : $2. ABC Co, a Eurozone company, makes a $1,000 sale to a US customer on credit. By the time the customer pays, the Euro has strengthened by 20%. What will the Euro receipt be? A 416.67 B 2,400 C 600 D 400 5. The current spot rate for the Dollar /Euro is $/ 2.0000 +/- 0.003. The dollar is quoted at a 0.2c premium for the forward rate. What will a $2,000 receipt be translated to at the forward rate? A 4,002 B 999.5 C 998 D 4,008 II. Types of Foreign Currency Risk 6. Exporters Co is concerned that the cash received from overseas sales will not be as expected due to exchange rate movements. What type of risk is this? A Translation risk B Economic risk C Interest rate risk D Transaction risk 7. There is a risk that the value of our foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities will change when we prepare our accounts. To which risk does the above statement refer? A Translation risk B Economic risk C Transaction risk D Interest rate risk (ACCA F9 Financial Management Pilot Paper 2014) III. Causes of Exchange Rate Fluctuations 8. The spot rate of exchange is 1 = $14400. Annual interest rates are 4% in the UK and 10% in the USA. The three month forward rate of exchange should be: A 1 = $14616 B 1 = $15264 C 1 = $15231 D 1 = $14614. 9. The home currency of ACB Co is the dollar ($) and it trades with a company in a foreign country whose home currency is the Dinar. The following information is available: Home countryForeign countrySpot rate20.00 Dinar per $Interest rate3% per year7% per yearInflation rate2% per year5% per year What is the six-month forward exchange rate? A 2039 Dinar per $ B 2030 Dinar per $ C 2059 Dinar per $ D 2078 Dinar per $ (ACCA F9 Financial Management Pilot Paper 2014) 10. The following exchange rates of sterling against the Singapore dollar have been quoted in a financial newspaper: Spot 1 = Singapore $23820 Three months forward 1 = Singapore $23540 The interest rate in Singapore is 6% per year for a three-month deposit or borrowing. What is the annual interest rate for a three-month deposit or borrowing in the UK? A 271% B 726% C 871% D 1083% 11. Interest rate parity theory generally holds true in practice. However it suffers from several limitations. Which of the following is not a limitation of interest rate parity theory? A Government controls on capital markets B Controls on currency trading C Intervention in foreign exchange markets D Future inflation rates are only estimates 12. What does purchasing power parity refers to? A A situation where two businesses have equal available funds to spend. B Inflation in different locations is the same. C Prices are the same to different customers in an economy. D Exchange rate movements will absorb inflation differences. 13. What is the impact of a fall in a countrys exchange rate? 1 Exports will be given a stimulus 2 The rate of domestic inflation will rise A 1 only B 2 only C Both 1 and 2 D Neither 1 nor 2 (ACCA F9 Financial Management Pilot Paper 2014) IV. Foreign Currency Risk Management 14. What is the purpose of hedging? A To protect a profit already made from having undertaken a risky position B To make a profit by accepting risk C To reduce or eliminate exposure to risk D To reduce costs. 15. What does the term matching refer to? A The coupling of two simple financial instruments to create a more complex one. B The mechanism whereby a company balances its foreign currency inflows and outflows. C The adjustment of credit terms between companies D Contracts not yet offset by futures contracts or fulfilled by delivery. 16. ABC plc has to pay a Germany supplier 90,000 euros in three months time. The companys finance director wishes to avoid exchange rate exposure, and is looking at four options. 1. Do nothing for three months and then buy euros at the spot rate 2. Pay in full now, buying euros at todays spot rate 3. Buy euros now, put them on deposit for three months, and pay the debt with these euro plus accumulated interest 4. Arrange a forward exchange contract to buy the euros in three months time Which of these options would provide cover against the exchange rate exposure that ABC plc would otherwise suffer? A 4 only B 3 and 4 only C 2, 3 and 4 only D 1, 2,3 and 4 17. Consider the following statements concerning currency risk: 1. Leading and lagging is a method of hedging transaction exposure. 2. Matching receipts and payments is a method of hedging translation exposure. Which of the above statements is/are true? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse 18. A large multinational business wishes to manage its currency risk. It has been suggested that: 1. Matching receipts and payments can be used to manage translation risk. 2. Matching assets and liabilities can be used to manage economic risk. Which ONE of the following combinations (true/false) concerning the above statements is correct? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse 19. A business uses each of the hedging methods described below to protect against a particular type of foreign exchange risk: Hedging method usedType of foreign exchange risk1.Matching receipts and paymentsTransaction risk2.Matching assets and liabilitiesEconomic risk3.Leading and laggingTranslation risk Which of the hedging methods described above are suitable for their intended purpose? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1, 2 and 3 D 2 and 3 20. Consider the following hedging methods. 1. International diversification of operations 2. Matching receipts and payments 3. Leading and lagging 4. Forward exchange contracts Which of the hedging methods above are suitable for hedging transaction exposure? A 1 and 2 B 1, 2 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2, 3 and 4 21. The following methods may be used to hedge currency risk: 1. International diversification of operations; 2. Currency swaps; 3. Leading and lagging; 4. Forward exchange contracts. Which TWO of the above can be used to hedge currency risk arising from economic exposure? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4 22. A business uses the hedging methods outlined below to protect itself against the particular types of foreign exchange risk against which they are matched. Hedging methodType of riskForward exchange contractsTransaction riskMatching receipts and paymentsEconomic riskBuying or selling domestic currencyTranslation risk Which one of the following combinations best describes the suitability of the three hedging methods for their intended purpose? Suitability of hedging method for the type of risk identifiedForward exchange contractsMatching receipts and paymentsBuying or selling in domestic currencyAYesNoYesBYesNoNoCNoYesYesDNoNoYes 23. Which is true of forward contracts? 1 They fix the rate for a future transaction. 2 They are a binding contract. 3 They are flexible once agreed. 4 They are traded openly. A 1, 2 and 4 only B 1, 2, 3 and 4 C 1 and 2 only D 2 only 24. In comparison to forward contracts, which of the following are true in the relation to futures contracts? 1 They are more expensive. 2 They are only available in a small amount of currencies. 3 They are less flexible. 4 They are probably an imprecise match for the underlying transaction. A 1, 2 and 4 only B 2 and 4 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2, 3 and 4 25. A UK company expects to receive 200,000 in three months time for goods sold to a German customer and wishes to hedge the currency risk by taking out a forward contract. The following rates have been quoted: Spot rate3 months forwardEuro per 1.4925 1.49851.4890 1.4897 If the forward contract is taken out, what are the sterling receipts for the UK company? A 133,467 B 134,003 C 134,255 D 134,318 26. Polaris plc, a UK-based business, has recently exported antique furniture to a US customer and is due to be paid $500,000 in three months time. To hedge against foreign exchange risk, Polaris plc has entered into a forward contract to sell $500,000 in three months time. The relevant exchange rates are as follows: Spot 1 = $15535 15595 Three months forward 030 025 cents premium How much will Polaris plc receive in sterling at the end of three months? A 321,130 B 321,234 C 322,373 D 322,477 27. Gydan plc, a UK business, is due to receive 500,000 in four months time for goods supplied to a French customer. The company has decided to use a money market hedge to manage currency risk. The following information concerning borrowing rates is available: CountryBorrowing rate per annumFrance9%UK6% The spot rate is 1 = 14490  14520 Using the money market approach, what is the sterling value of the amount that Gydan Co will have to borrow now in order to match the receipt? A 315,920 B 335,015 C 334,323 D 337,601 28. A UK based company, which has no surplus cash, is due to pay Euro 2,125,000 to a company in Germany in three months time and wants to hedge the payment using money markets. The current spot rate is Euro 1223012270 per sterling. The annual interest rates available to the company in the UK and in Germany are as follows: CountryBorrowLendUK5.72%3.64%Germany4.52%2.84% What would it cost the company in UK if it hedges its Euro exposure? A 1,786,190 B 1,780,367 C 1,749,953 D 1,744,248 Question 1 Objectives of working capital management, EOQ, AR management and foreign currency risk management PKA Co is a European company that sells goods solely within Europe. The recently-appointed financial manager of PKA Co has been investigating the working capital management of the company and has gathered the following information: Inventory management The current policy is to order 100,000 units when the inventory level falls to 35,000 units. Forecast demand to meet production requirements during the next year is 625,000 units. The cost of placing and processing an order is 250, while the cost of holding a unit in stores is 0" 50 per unit per year. Both costs are expected to be constant during the next year. Orders are received two weeks after being placed with the supplier. You should assume a 50-week year and that demand is constant throughout the year. Accounts receivable management Domestic customers are allowed 30 days credit, but the financial statements of PKA Co show that the average accounts receivable period in the last financial year was 75 days. The financial manager also noted that bad debts as a percentage of sales, which are all on credit, increased in the last financial year from 5% to 8%. Accounts payable management PKA Co has used a foreign supplier for the first time and must pay $250,000 to the supplier in six months time. The financial manager is concerned that the cost of these supplies may rise in euro terms and has decided to hedge the currency risk of this account payable. The following information has been provided by the companys bank: Spot rate ($ per ): 1.998 0.002 Six months forward rate ($ per ): 1.979 0.004 Money market rates available to PKA Co: Borrowing Deposit One year euro interest rates: 6.1% 5.4% One year dollar interest rates: 4.0% 3.5% Assume that it is now 1 December and that PKA Co has no surplus cash at the present time. Required: (a) Identify the objectives of working capital management and discuss the conflict that may arise between them. (3 marks) (b) Calculate the cost of the current ordering policy and determine the saving that could be made by using the economic order quantity model. (7 marks) (c) Discuss ways in which PKA Co could improve the management of domestic accounts receivable. (7 marks) (d) Evaluate whether a money market hedge, a forward market hedge or a lead payment should be used to hedge the foreign account payable. (8 marks) (Total 25 marks) (ACCA F9 Financial Management December 2007 Q4) Question 2 IRP, PPP and foreign currency risk management ZPS Co, whose home currency is the dollar, took out a fixed-interest peso bank loan several years ago when peso interest rates were relatively cheap compared to dollar interest rates. Economic difficulties have now increased peso interest rates while dollar interest rates have remained relatively stable. ZPS Co must pay interest of 5,000,000 pesos in six months time. The following information is available. Per $ Spot rate: pesos 12.500 pesos 12.582 Six month forward rate pesos 12.805 pesos 12.889 Interest rates that can be used by ZPS Co: Borrow Deposit Peso interest rates 10.0% per year 7.5% per year Dollar interest rates 4.5% per year 3.5% per year Required: (a) Explain briefly the relationships between; (i) exchange rates and interest rates; (ii) exchange rates and inflation rates. (5 marks) (b) Calculate whether a forward market hedge or a money market hedge should be used to hedge the interest payment of 5 million pesos in six months time. Assume that ZPS Co would need to borrow any cash it uses in hedging exchange rate risk. (6 marks) (ACCA F9 Financial Management June 2011 Q4a) V. Foreign Currency Derivative 29. Which of the following is true? A As the majority of futures contracts are never taken to delivery a futures contract is not legally binding B The quantity in a futures contract is agreed between the buyer and seller C Delivery dates on futures contracts are specified by the futures exchange and not by the buyer and seller D The margin requirement is a purchase cost of a future. 30. Consider the following two statements: 1. One form of hedging is where an investor buys shares in one market and sells them immediately in another to profit from price differences between the two markets. 2. One form of financial derivative is a preference share of a business. Which one of the following combinations relating to the above statements is correct? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse 31. Consider the following statements concerning derivatives. 1. Futures contracts may not be traded on an organised exchange 2. Forward contracts may be traded on an organised exchange Which one of the following combinations (true/false) concerning the above statements is correct? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse 32. Consider the following two statements concerning futures contracts. 1. A futures contract is negotiated between a buyer and seller and can be tailored to the buyers particular requirements. 2. A futures contract can be traded on a futures exchange. Which of the following combinations (true/false) is correct? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse 33. Consider the following statements concerning futures contracts. 1. Futures contracts are tailor-made for the needs of the client 2. Futures contracts can be traded on a futures exchange 3. A short position on a futures contract can be closed by buying an equal number of the contracts for the same settlement date. 4. A long position on a futures contract can be closed by buying an equal number of contracts for the same settlement date. Which two of the above statements are correct? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4 34. Consider the following statements concerning financial options. 1. A European-style option gives the holder the right to exercise the option at any time up to and including its expiry date. 2. An in-the-money option has a more favourable strike price for the option writer than the current market price of the underlying item. Which one of the following combinations (true/false) concerning the above statements is correct? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse 35. Consider the following statements concerning options. 1. An out of-the-money call option has an intrinsic value of zero. 2. An American-style option can be exercised at any time up to, and including, the expiry date. Which one of the following combinations (true/false) relating to the above statements is correct? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse 36. The following statements have been made concerning options. 1. An out-of-the-money option has an intrinsic value of zero. 2. An American-style option can only be exercised on the expiry date of the option. 3. When an option is used to hedge currency risk, the option will be exercised only if the market price of the underlying item is less favourable than the option strike price. 4. An employee share option is a form of put option. Which TWO of the above statements are correct? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4 37. Which of the following measures will allow a UK company to enjoy the benefits of a favourable change in exchange rates for their euro receivables contract while protecting them from unfavourable exchange rate movements? A A forward exchange contract B A put option for euros C A call option for euros D A money market hedge 38. The following European-style options are held at their expiry date by an investor: 1. A call option of 20,000 shares in Peterhouse plc with an exercise price of 860p. The market price of the shares at the expiry date is 880p. 2. A put option of 600,000 in exchange for euros at a strike rate of 1 = 15. The exchange rate at the expiry date is 1 = 145. Which one of the above combinations (exercise/lapse) concerning the options should be undertaken by the investor? Option 1Option 2AExerciseExerciseBExerciseLapseCLapseExerciseDLapseLapse 39. Musat plc holds the following OTC options at their expiry date: 1. A put option on dollars at an exchange rate of 1 = $192. The exchange rate is 1 = $195 at the expiry date of the option. 2. A call option on 5,000 ordinary shares in Spitzer plc at an exercise price of 575p. The share price is 562p at the expiry date of the option. Which of the above options should be exercised and which should be allowed to lapse at their expiry date? Put optionCall optionAExerciseExerciseBLapseExerciseCExerciseLapseDLapseLapse 40. A US company has just purchased goods from a UK supplier for 500,000. Payment is due in three months time and the US company wishes to hedge its exposure to exchange rate risk. The following ways of dealing with the exchange rate risk have been suggested: 1. Buy sterling futures now and sell sterling futures in three months time 2. Buy sterling call options now. 3. Sell sterling futures now and buy sterling futures in three months time 4. Buy sterling put options now Which two of the above suggestions would provide a hedge against exchange rate risk? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4 41. A UK business expects to receive euros in five months time. Assume that the business wishes to hedge against exchange rate risk. Which one of the following methods should be employed? A Take out a forward contract to sell euros in five months time B Take out a forward contract to buy euros in five months time C Buy euros now at the prevailing spot rate D Take out a call option on euros. 42. A company based in Farland (with the Splot as its currency) is expecting its US customer to pay $1,000,000 in 3 months time and wants to hedge this transaction using currency options. What is the option they require? 1 A Splot put option purchased in America 2 A US dollar put option purchased in Farland 3 A Splot call option purchased in America 4 A US dollar call option purchased in Farland. A 2 or 3 only B 2 only C 1 or 4 only D 4 only 43. A UK company has just provided a service to a US company for $750,000. Settlement is due in two months time and the UK company wants to hedge the risk of a fall in the value of the US dollar over the next two months. The following methods of hedging this risk have been suggested: 1. Buy sterling put options now 2. Buy sterling futures now 3. Buy sterling call options now 4. Sell sterling futures now Which two of the above suggestions would provide a hedge against the exchange rate risk? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4 44. Wetterstein Inc, a US-based company, expects to receive 800,000 in two months time for consultancy services provided to the Spanish government. It wishes to be certain of the amount to be received and will use the derivatives market to achieve this. Which one of the following actions should the company take NOW to hedge the risk? A Buy euro futures B Buy US dollar options C Sell euro futures D Sell US dollar futures 45. Three derivatives that may be used to manage financial risk are as follows: 1. Futures contracts 2. Forward contracts 3. Swaps Which of the above may be traded on an organised exchange? A 1 only B 1 and 2 C 2 only D 2 and 3 46. Consider the following statements concerning currency risk hedges: 1. A currency swap may be used to hedge for a longer period than that offered by forward exchange contracts. 2. A futures contract can be customised to fit the particular needs of the client. Which one of the following combinations (true/false) concerning the above statements is correct? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse Question 3 Debt finance, bond valuation and foreign currency risk management Three years ago Boluje Co built a factory in its home country costing $3.2 million. To finance the construction of the factory, Boluje Co issued peso-denominated bonds in a foreign country whose currency is the peso. Interest rates at the time in the foreign country were historically low. The foreign bond issue raised 16 million pesos and the exchange rate at the time was 5.00 pesos/$. Each foreign bond has a par value of 500 pesos and pays interest in pesos at the end of each year of 6.1%. The bonds will be redeemed in five years time at par. The current cost of debt of peso-denominated bonds of similar risk is 7%. In addition to domestic sales, Boluje Co exports goods to the foreign country and receives payment for export sales in pesos. Approximately 40% of production is exported to the foreign country. The spot exchange rate is 6.00 pesos/$ and the 12-month forward exchange rate is 6.07 pesos/$. Boluje Co can borrow money on a short-term basis at 4% per year in its home currency and it can deposit money at 5% per year in the foreign country where the foreign bonds were issued. Taxation may be ignored in all calculation parts of this question. Required: (a) Briefly explain the reasons why a company may choose to finance a new investment by an issue of debt finance. (7 marks) (b) Calculate the current total market value (in pesos) of the foreign bonds used to finance the building of the new factory. (4 marks) (c) Assume that Boluje Co has no surplus cash at the present time: (i) Explain and illustrate how a money market hedge could protect Boluje Co against exchange rate risk in relation to the dollar cost of the interest payment to be made in one years time on its foreign bonds. (4 marks) (ii) Compare the relative costs of a money market hedge and a forward market hedge. (2 marks) (d) Describe other methods, including derivatives, that Boluje Co could use to hedge against exchange rate risk. (8 marks) (Total 25 marks) (ACCA F9 Financial Management December 2008 Q4) Chapter 20 Interest Rate Risk 1. Which is the best definition of basis risk? A Interest rates on deposits and on loans are revised at different times. B Interest rates on deposits and loans move by different amounts. C Interest rates move. D The bank base rate might move with a knock on effect to other interest rates. 2. If a business benefits from gap exposure what does this mean? A The timing of interest rate movements on deposits and loans means it has made a profit B The timing of interest rate movements on deposits and loans means it has made a loss C The interest rates reduce between deciding a loan is needed and signing for that loan. D The inefficiencies between two markets means arbitrage gains are possible. 3. Which of the following explain the shape and movement of a yield curve? 1 Expectations theory 2 Liquidity preference theory 3 Market segmentation theory A 1 and 2 only B 2 and 3 only C 1 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3 only 4. A yield curve shows A the relationship between liquidity and bond interest rates B the relationship between time to maturity and bond interest rates C the relationship between risk and bond interest rates D the relationship between bond interest rates and bond prices 5. Consider the following statements concerning forward rate agreements (FRAs): 1. FRAs cannot be tailored to the specific requirements of a customer. 2. FRAs are binding agreements that must be settled at the settlement date. 3. FRAs do not require any payments or receipts until the settlement date. 4. FRAs can be resold in the secondary market. Which of the above statements are correct? A 1 and 2 B 1, 2 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2, 3 and 4 6. A company plans to take out a $50 million loan in six months time and wishes to fix the interest rate for a 12-month period. The company wants to use a forward rate agreement to hedge the interest rate risk and the following rates have been quoted by a bank: Bid %Offer %6 v 125.655.606 v 185.705.64 LIBOR is 55% at the fixing date and the company can borrow at 45 basis points above this figure. What rate of interest will the company pay to, or receive from, the bank as a result of the forward rate agreement? A 015% paid to bank B 020% paid to bank C 025% received from bank D 031% received from bank 7. Indus plc wishes to fix the interest rate for a six-month period on a 20 million loan that it plans to take out in three months time. The company decides to use a forward rate agreement (FRA) to hedge the interest rate risk and a bank quotes the following rates: BidOffer3 v 66.606.563 v 96.656.61 The company can borrow at 60 basis points above LIBOR and, at the fixing date, the relevant LIBOR is 64%. What is the amount of interest (in percentage terms) that the company will pay to, or receive from, the bank as a result of the forward rate agreement? A 020% paid to bank B 025% paid to bank C 035% received from bank D 039% received from bank 8. LIBOR rates are quoted as follows for FRAs. 2 v 53.37% 3.32%3 v 53.45% 3.39% A company can borrow at 65 basis points over LIBOR. In order to stabilise its finance costs, it wants to fix the interest rate for a three-month borrowing starting in two months time. What is the effective rate of interest that the company will fix its loan? A 410% B 404% C 402% D 397% 9. Consider the following statements concerning financial options. 1 An interest rate cap is a series of lenders options on a notional loan. 2 An American-style option may be exercised before the expiry date of the option. Which of the following combinations (true/false) concerning the above statements is correct? Statement 1Statement 2ATrueTrueBTrueFalseCFalseTrueDFalseFalse 10. Consider the following statements concerning financial derivatives. 1. Interest rate swaps are a form of over-the-counter derivative. 2. A European-style option will give the right to buy or sell at any time up to and including the expiry date. Which ONE of the following combinations (true/false) is correct? 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In relation to hedging interest rate risk, which of the following statements is correct? A The flexible nature of interest rate futures means that they can always be matched with a specific interest rate exposure B Interest rate options carry an obligation to the holder to complete the contract at maturity C Forward rate agreements are the interest rate equivalent of forward exchange contracts D Matching is where a balance is maintained between fixed rate and floating rate debt (ACCA F9 Financial Management Pilot Paper 2014) 12. Which of the following is true of exchange traded interest rate options? 1 They maintain access to upside risk whilst limiting the downside to the premium. 2 They can be sold if not needed. 3 They are expensive. 4 They are tailored to an investors needs. A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2, 3 and 4 only D 1, 2 and 3 only Question 4 Interest Rate Risk The following financial information related to Gorwa Co: Income statements 2007 2006 $000 $000 Sales (all on credit) 37,400 26,720 Cost of sales 34,408 23,781 Operating profit 2,992 2,939 Finance costs (interest payments) 355 274 Profit before taxation 2,637 2,665 Statement of financial position 2007 2006 $000 $000 $000 $000 Non-current assets 13,632 12,750 Current assets Inventory 4,600 2,400 Trade receivables 4,600 2,200 9,200 4,600 Current liabilities Trade payables 4,750 2,000 Overdraft 3,225 1,600 7,975 3,600 Net current assets 1,225 1,000 14,857 13,750 8% Bonds 2,425 2,425 12,432 11,325 Capital and reserves Share capital 6,000 6,000 Reserves 6,432 5,325 12,432 11,325 The average variable overdraft interest rate in each year was 5%. The 8% bonds are redeemable in ten years time. Required: Discuss, with supporting calculations, the possible effects on Gorwa Co of an increase in interest rates and advise the company of steps it can take to protect itself against interest rate risk. (7 marks) (ACCA F9 Financial Management December 2008 Q2(a)) Question 5 Interest rate risk management Discuss the use of exchanged traded and Over-The-Counter (OTC) derivatives for hedging and how they may be used to reduce the exchange rate and interest rate risks a company faces. Illustrate your answer by comparing and contrasting the main features of appropriate derivatives. 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