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Basic Graph Rules When using graphs, keep the following information in mind: Always include a short title with a short description of what is illustrated by the graph. The dependent variable goes on the y-axis (vertical) and the independent goes on the x-axis (horizontal). To figure out dependent/independent, put the two variables in a sentence and see which causes a change in the other. For example, if you are graphing the number of mosquitoes observed per month, does it make sense to say the month changed because the calendar is dependent upon mosquito populations, or the mosquito populations changed because of they are dependent on the conditions in a given month? Obviously, mosquitoes are dependent upon given weather conditions, so the month is the independent variable while mosquito numbers are the dependent variable. Always label the category and units for each axis. Use the full graph. A graph is used to visually illustrate a conclusion, so it makes no sense to leave 50% of the available space blank. How do you make sure the graph takes up the whole space? Count the number of units used in your data set and divide by the number of spaces available on your graph. For example, if you are measuring 100 degrees and there are 20 boxes available on your graph, you get 5 degrees/1 box. We will use three types of graphs in this class. Bar graphs are useful for comparing different experimental treatments. Line graphs are useful for showing changes over time. Pie charts are useful in illustrating how a resource is divided up. II. Specific Information on Linear Graphs When doing a linear graph, we will use Excel to calculate a best-fit line.\ Instructions for best-fit line graph using Excel: Type data for independent variable in first column (ignore headings) and data for dependent variable in second column (ignore headings). Highlight all cells w data and select INSERT (top option bar), select Chart (from dropdown menu). If you are doing a line graph: When chart options appear, select SCATTER (from options under Chart Type) and SCATTER (from Chart Sub-type option on right side of screen). Hit ‘Next’ and graph will appear. Place cursor on a data point and right click. Select option ‘Add Trendline’ and an option box with two tabs will appear. For tab labeled ‘Type,’ selection LINEAR; for tab labeled ‘Options,’ check boxes for DISPLAY EQUATION and DISPLAY R SQUARED. Drag equations off chart, place just under the legend. Check that you have added a title, labeled both y and x- axis, and included proper units. Print or email graph to Mr. Lovrien Data Sets to Complete (not all will be linear graphs!): Chicken Feed % of Protein in Feed Avg Mass of Broiler at 6 Weeks 10 1600 12 1700 14 2100 16 2200 18 2500 20 2800 AP Courses # of AP Courses Completed % of Students finishing College in 4 Years 29 45 61 III. Elk in Yellowstone National Park 1971 - 2005 8000 9100 10000 10400 13100 12600 13000 13200 11900 13000 13700 16000 14100 13700 13100 16000 16500 18000 15400 12000 13000 17000 19000 17000 14300 15200 13200 11400 11400 14800 13200 12000 9000 7500 6500 IV. AP Tests at Brandon Valley High School. 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