ࡱ> ~#"! U@ 'bbjbj " Z ^ ^ ^8X^D_"d`Fd"hdhdhdCe fLWf( $Rj3`iCeCe`i`i3hdhdH`ihdhd `i ( " hdX` ) ^w +*T^0UlllT  jluDf-g|gd hSfff33=|D"|DSpatial Autocorrelation Nilupa Gunaratna, Yali Liu, Junyong Park Definition Observations made at different locations may not be independent. For example, measurements made at nearby locations may be closer in value than measurements made at locations farther apart. This phenomenon is called spatial autocorrelation. Spatial autocorrelation measures the correlation of a variable with itself through space. Spatial autocorrelation can be positive or negative. Positive spatial autocorrelation occurs when similar values occur near one another. Negative spatial autocorrelation occurs when dissimilar values occur near one another. 2. Weight Matrix To assess spatial autocorrelation, one first needs to define what is meant by two observations being close together, i.e., a distance measure must be determined. These distances are presented in weight matrix, which defines the relationships between locations where measurements were made. If data are collected at  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  locations, then the weight matrix will be EMBED Equation.DSMT4  with zeroes on the diagonal. The weight matrix can be specified in many ways: The weight for any two different locations is a constant. All observations within a specified distance have a fixed weight. K nearest neighbors have a fixed weight, and all others are zero. Weight is proportional to inverse distance, inverse distance squared, or inverse distance up to a specified distance. Other weight matrices are possible. The weight matrix is often row-standardized, i.e., all the weights in a row sum to one. Note that the actual values in the weight matrix are up to the researcher. 3. Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation Moran's I Moran's I (Moran 1950) tests for global spatial autocorrelation for continuous data. It is based on cross-products of the deviations from the mean and is calculated for  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  observations on a variable  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  at locations EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  as:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , where  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  is the mean of the  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  variable,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  are the elements of the weight matrix, and  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  is the sum of the elements of the weight matrix:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . Morans I is similar but not equivalent to a correlation coefficient. It varies from -1 to +1. In the absence of autocorrelation and regardless of the specified weight matrix, the expectation of Morans I statistic is  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , which tends to zero as the sample size increases. For a row-standardized spatial weight matrix, the normalizing factor  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  equals  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  (since each row sums to 1), and the statistic simplifies to a ratio of a spatial cross product to a variance. A Morans I coefficient larger than  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  indicates positive spatial autocorrelation, and a Morans I less than  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  indicates negative spatial autocorrelation. The variance is:  where  Geary's C Gearys C statistic (Geary 1954) is based on the deviations in responses of each observation with one another:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . Gearys C ranges from 0 (maximal positive autocorrelation) to a positive value for high negative autocorrelation. Its expectation is 1 in the absence of autocorrelation and regardless of the specified weight matrix (Sokal & Oden 1978). If the value of Gearys C is less than 1, it indicates positive spatial autocorrelation. The variance is:  where  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  are the same as in Morans I. Comparison of Morans I and Gearys C Morans I is a more global measurement and sensitive to extreme values of  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , whereas Gearys C is more sensitive to differences in small neighborhoods. In general, Morans I and Gearys C result in similar conclusions. However, Morans I is preferred in most cases since Cliff and Ord (1975, 1981) have shown that Morans I is consistently more powerful than Gearys C. SAS example There is no straightforward way to calculate Morans I and Gearys C using SAS. One source of code using proc iml can be found at the website of E.B. Moser at the Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University ( HYPERLINK "http://www.stat.lsu.edu/faculty/moser/spatial/spatial.html" http://www.stat.lsu.edu/faculty/moser/spatial/spatial.html). In his example, a quantitative response variable, X, is measured at 16 locations indexed by I. DATA RESPONSE; INPUT I X @@; LIST; CARDS; 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 -2 7 -1 8 5 9 4 10 -1 11 -2 12 5 13 5 14 5 15 5 16 5 ; The weight matrix should therefore be 16 16. We assume the matrix is symmetric (the relationship between locations i and j is the same as the relationship between locations j and i) and specify all nonzero relationships in the data step below. I and J are the indices for pairs of locations, and WT is the weight for those pairs. DATA WEIGHTS; INPUT I J WT @@; LIST; CARDS; 1 6 1 2 6 1 2 7 1 3 6 1 3 7 1 4 7 1 5 6 1 5 10 1 6 9 1 7 8 1 7 12 1 8 11 1 9 10 1 10 13 1 10 14 1 10 15 1 11 14 1 11 15 1 11 16 1 11 12 1 ; Proc IML will be used for the computations: PROC IML; /* SAS INTERACTIVE MATRIX LANGUAGE */ START LOADDATA; USE RESPONSE VAR {X}; READ ALL; CLOSE RESPONSE; N=NROW(X); W=J(N,N,0); /* INITIALIZE WEIGHT MATRIX TO ZEROS */ USE WEIGHTS VAR {I J WT}; READ ALL; /* PLACE WEIGHTS INTO THE WEIGHT MATRIX */ DO K=1 TO NROW(I); W[I[K],J[K]]=WT[K]; W[J[K],I[K]]=WT[K]; /* ASSUMING SYMMETRY IN WEIGHTS */ END; /* DROP THE I J AND WT MATRICES */ FREE I J K WT; PRINT / 'INITIAL DATA ' ,, 'RESPONSE',X,, 'WEIGHTS', W[FORMAT=3.0]; /* $$$ THE FORMAT MAY NEED TO BE CHANGED IF $$$ */ /* $$$ FRACTIONAL WEIGHTS ARE TO BE USED. $$$ */ FINISH; START STATS; XBAR=X[+]/N; Z=X-REPEAT(XBAR,N,1); ZSQ=Z`*Z; XVAR=ZSQ/(N-1); VMRATIO=XVAR/XBAR; Z2=Z#Z; Z4=Z2`*Z2; B2=N*Z4/ZSQ**2; /* KURTOSIS */ FREE Z2 Z4; SUMW=0; S1=0; DO K=1 TO N; DO J=1 TO N; IF K <> J THEN DO; SUMW=SUMW + W[K,J]; S1=S1 + (W[K,J]+W[J,K])**2; END; END; END; S1=S1/2; S2=W[,+]+W[+,]`; S2=S2`*S2; SUMW2=SUMW*SUMW; TEMP=N||XBAR||XVAR||VMRATIO||B2; RNAME={" "}; CNAME={" N" " XBAR" "VARIANCE" "V/M RATIO" "KURTOSIS"}; PRINT / 'SUMMARY STATISTICS ' TEMP[ROWNAME=RNAME COLNAME=CNAME]; FREE XBAR XVAR VMRATIO K J RNAME CNAME TEMP; FINISH; START AUTOCORR; I=0; C=0; DO K=1 TO N; DO J=1 TO N; IF K <> J THEN DO; I = I + W[K,J] * Z[K]*Z[J]; C = C + W[K,J] * (X[K]-X[J])**2; END; END; END; I=(N/SUMW)*(I/ZSQ); C=((N-1)/(2*SUMW))*(C/ZSQ); FREE K J; FINISH; START AUTOSTAT; RNAME={" "}; CNAME={"I " "C "}; TEMP=I||C; PRINT ,, 'SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION STATISTICS' TEMP[ROWNAME=RNAME COLNAME=CNAME]; FREE RNAME CNAME TEMP; FINISH; /* AUTOSTAT */ START TESTOFI; EXPECT=1/(1.0-N); RNAME={" "}; CNAME={" E(I) " "OBSERVED"}; TEMP=EXPECT||I; PRINT "TEST OF I", "EXPECTED AND OBSERVED VALUES" TEMP[ROWNAME=RNAME COLNAME=CNAME]; VAR=((N**2*S1-N*S2+3*SUMW2)/(SUMW2*N**2-1))-EXPECT**2; ZZ=(I-EXPECT)/SQRT(VAR); P=1-PROBNORM(ABS(ZZ)); CNAME={"VARIANCE" " Z " " P>|Z| "}; TEMP=VAR||ZZ||P; PRINT 'TEST BASED ON NORMALITY:' TEMP[ROWNAME=RNAME COLNAME=CNAME]; VAR=(N*((N**2-3*N+3)*S1-N*S2+3*SUMW2)- B2*((N**2-N)*S1-2*N*S2+6*SUMW2))/ ((N-1)*(N-2)*(N-3)*SUMW2) - EXPECT**2; ZZ=(I-EXPECT)/SQRT(VAR); P=1-PROBNORM(ABS(ZZ)); TEMP=VAR||ZZ||P; PRINT 'TEST BASED ON RANDOMIZATION:' TEMP[ROWNAME=RNAME COLNAME=CNAME]; FREE EXPECT VAR ZZ P RNAME CNAME TEMP; FINISH; START TESTOFC; EXPECT=1.0; RNAME={" "}; CNAME={" E(C) " "OBSERVED"}; TEMP=EXPECT||C; PRINT "TEST OF C", "EXPECTED AND OBSERVED VALUES" TEMP[ROWNAME=RNAME COLNAME=CNAME]; VAR=((2*S1+S2)*(N-1)-4*SUMW2)/(2*(N+1)*SUMW2); ZZ=(C-EXPECT)/SQRT(VAR); P=1-PROBNORM(ABS(ZZ)); CNAME={"VARIANCE" " Z " " P>|Z| "}; TEMP=VAR||ZZ||P; PRINT 'TEST BASED ON NORMALITY:' TEMP[ROWNAME=RNAME COLNAME=CNAME]; /* ZZ AND P BELOW ARE TEMPORARIES */ ZZ=(N-1)*S1*(N**2-3*N+3-(N-1)*B2)-(N-1)/4*S2; P=(N**2+3*N-6-(N**2-N+2)*B2)+SUMW2*(N**2-3-(N-1)**2*B2); VARC=ZZ*P/(N*(N-2)*(N-3)*SUMW2); ZZ=(C-EXPECT)/SQRT(VAR); P=1-PROBNORM(ABS(ZZ)); TEMP=VAR||ZZ||P; PRINT 'TEST BASED ON RANDOMIZATION:' TEMP[ROWNAME=RNAME COLNAME=CNAME]; FREE EXPECT VAR ZZ P RNAME CNAME TEMP; FINISH; RESET NOLOG NONAME FW=10; RUN LOADDATA; /* READ THE DATA INTO THE MATRICES */ RUN STATS; /* COMPUTE SUMMARY STATISTICS */ RUN AUTOCORR; /* COMPUTE AUTOCORRELATION STATS. */ RUN AUTOSTAT; /* PRINT COMPUTED STATS. */ RUN TESTOFI; /* COMPUTE TESTS OF I */ RUN TESTOFC; /* COMPUTE TESTS OF C */ QUIT; /* DONE WITH SAS/IML */ The weight matrix looks like this: WEIGHTS 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 The AUTOSTAT module gives the estimates of Morans I and Gearys C: I C SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION STATISTICS -0.9642857 2.44419643 The TESTOFI module gives: E(I) OBSERVED EXPECTED AND OBSERVED VALUES -0.0666667 -0.9642857 VARIANCE Z P>|Z| TEST BASED ON NORMALITY: 0.0360244 -4.7292651 1.12667E-6 VARIANCE Z P>|Z| TEST BASED ON RANDOMIZATION: 0.0368859 -4.6737112 1.47903E-6 The TESTOFC module gives: E(C) OBSERVED EXPECTED AND OBSERVED VALUES 1 2.44419643 VARIANCE Z P>|Z| TEST BASED ON NORMALITY: 0.07647059 5.22250725 8.82583E-8 VARIANCE Z P>|Z| TEST BASED ON RANDOMIZATION: 0.07647059 5.22250725 8.82583E-8 Note the p-values calculated by TESTOFI and TESTOFC are one-sided. There may be a cause for concern in TESTOFC, as it calculated the same variance for the two tests under normality and randomization assumptions. 4. Semivariogram Definition Semivariance is also an autocorrelation statistic defined as:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  where  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  is the semivariance for distance class  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  is the total number of pairs of values at distance  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , and  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  is the distance between locations  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  and  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . It is unlikely that any actual pair of locations would exactly have the distance of  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . It is common to consider a range of distances, EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , to group pairs for a single term in the expression for  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  and to modify  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  accordingly. The semivariogram (variogram) is a plot of semivariance against distance between pairs. The plot values should increase as distance increases until they reach a plateau. This is because observations that are close together should be more similar than points that are widely separated. The plateau on the Y axis is called the sill, and the distance to the plateau on the x axis is called the range. It is a way to get an estimate of the general range of spatial dependence, which can be fitted to the plot, and this model can be used as a model for the spatial dependence, for interpolation. Theoretical Semivariogram Models There are many types of theoretical semivariogram models. Some commonly used models are given below: Spherical model: this is only valid for 1-3 dimensions. The equation is:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  where  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . Exponential model: this is valid for all dimensions with formula:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  where  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . Gaussian model: this is valid for all dimensions with formula:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  where  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . Power model: this is valid for all dimensions with formula:  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  where  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . This model is linear model when  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . Figure 1 illustrates the semivariograms for these models when  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 ,  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , and  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . The spherical model reaches the sill, EMBED Equation.DSMT4 , at  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  and looks nearly linear at small lags. The exponential and Gaussian models reach the same sill only asymptotically as  EMBED Equation.DSMT4 . The exponential model has a similar shape to the spherical model but reaches the sill more quickly. The Gaussian is useful when the data have very high spatial correlation between two close points. It has an S-shape. The power model does not reach a sill and the shape depends on the parameter. It is appropriate when the data show a long-range correlation. If the semivariogram does not seem to follow any of the standard structures, it is possible to combine structures to obtain something with characteristics of more than one standard structure. This is called a nested structure.  Figure 1. Semivariogram for different models SAS Example for Semivariogram In SAS, proc variogram computes the sample semivariogram, from which a suitable theoretical semivariogram can be found visually. The goal here is often to predict values of the measured variable at unsampled locations. The following example is taken from the SAS Version 8 online help ( HYPERLINK "http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/" http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/). Data were simulated to represent coal seam thickness measurements taken over an approximately square area: data thick; input east north thick @@; datalines; 0.7 59.6 34.1 2.1 82.7 42.2 4.7 75.1 39.5 4.8 52.8 34.3 5.9 67.1 37.0 6.0 35.7 35.9 6.4 33.7 36.4 7.0 46.7 34.6 8.2 40.1 35.4 13.3 0.6 44.7 13.3 68.2 37.8 13.4 31.3 37.8 17.8 6.9 43.9 20.1 66.3 37.7 22.7 87.6 42.8 23.0 93.9 43.6 24.3 73.0 39.3 24.8 15.1 42.3 24.8 26.3 39.7 26.4 58.0 36.9 26.9 65.0 37.8 27.7 83.3 41.8 27.9 90.8 43.3 29.1 47.9 36.7 29.5 89.4 43.0 30.1 6.1 43.6 30.8 12.1 42.8 32.7 40.2 37.5 34.8 8.1 43.3 35.3 32.0 38.8 37.0 70.3 39.2 38.2 77.9 40.7 38.9 23.3 40.5 39.4 82.5 41.4 43.0 4.7 43.3 43.7 7.6 43.1 46.4 84.1 41.5 46.7 10.6 42.6 49.9 22.1 40.7 51.0 88.8 42.0 52.8 68.9 39.3 52.9 32.7 39.2 55.5 92.9 42.2 56.0 1.6 42.7 60.6 75.2 40.1 62.1 26.6 40.1 63.0 12.7 41.8 69.0 75.6 40.1 70.5 83.7 40.9 70.9 11.0 41.7 71.5 29.5 39.8 78.1 45.5 38.7 78.2 9.1 41.7 78.4 20.0 40.8 80.5 55.9 38.7 81.1 51.0 38.6 83.8 7.9 41.6 84.5 11.0 41.5 85.2 67.3 39.4 85.5 73.0 39.8 86.7 70.4 39.6 87.2 55.7 38.8 88.1 0.0 41.6 88.4 12.1 41.3 88.4 99.6 41.2 88.8 82.9 40.5 88.9 6.2 41.5 90.6 7.0 41.5 90.7 49.6 38.9 91.5 55.4 39.0 92.9 46.8 39.1 93.4 70.9 39.7 94.8 71.5 39.7 96.2 84.3 40.3 98.2 58.2 39.5 ; A scatterplot of the sampled locations is below. Note that if these data are intended for prediction, the sampled locations should be fairly evenly distributed across the area of interest.  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/stat/chap70/images/varg1a.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  The next step is to create a surface plot of the measured variable (thickness). Any apparent trend must be removed before estimating the semivariogram model. proc g3d data=thick; title 'Surface Plot of Coal Seam Thickness'; scatter east*north=thick / xticknum=5 yticknum=5 grid zmin=20 zmax=65; label east = 'East' north = 'North' thick = 'Thickness' ; run;  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/stat/chap70/images/varg1b.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  To compute a variogram, LAGDISTANCE (width of distance intervals) and MAXLAGS (number of intervals) must be determined. Reasonable values may be found using the following approach: proc variogram data=thick outdistance=outd; compute novariogram; coordinates xc=east yc=north; var thick; run; title 'OUTDISTANCE= Data Set Showing Distance Intervals'; proc print data=outd; run; data outd; set outd; mdpt=round((lb+ub)/2,.1); label mdpt = 'Midpoint of Interval'; run; axis1 minor=none; axis2 minor=none label=(angle=90 rotate=0); title 'Distribution of Pairwise Distances'; proc gchart data=outd; vbar mdpt / type=sum sumvar=count discrete frame cframe=ligr gaxis=axis1 raxis=axis2 nolegend; run; Data set showing distance intervals: Obs VARNAME LAG LB UB COUNT PER 1 thick 0 0.000 6.969 45 0.01622 2 thick 1 6.969 20.907 263 0.09477 3 thick 2 20.907 34.845 383 0.13802 4 thick 3 34.845 48.783 436 0.15712 5 thick 4 48.783 62.720 495 0.17838 6 thick 5 62.720 76.658 525 0.18919 7 thick 6 76.658 90.596 412 0.14847 8 thick 7 90.596 104.534 179 0.06450 9 thick 8 104.534 118.472 35 0.01261 10 thick 9 118.472 132.410 2 0.00072 11 thick 10 132.410 146.348 0 0.00000  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/stat/chap70/images/varg1d.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  In general, it is desirable to have a small value for LAGDISTANCE. However, SAS says a rule of thumb used in computing sample semivariograms is to use at least 30 point pairs in computing a single value of the empirical or experimental semivariogram. The code below uses NHCLASSES=20, which leads to enough points in all but lag 0. The length of the lag 1 interval (rounded to the nearest integer) will be used as the LAGDISTANCE. proc variogram data=thick outdistance=outd; compute nhc=20 novariogram; coordinates xc=east yc=north; var thick; run; title 'OUTDISTANCE= Data Set Showing Distance Intervals'; proc print data=outd; run; data outd; set outd; mdpt=round((lb+ub)/2,.1); label mdpt = 'Midpoint of Interval'; run; axis1 minor=none; axis2 minor=none label=(angle=90 rotate=0); title 'Distribution of Pairwise Distances'; proc gchart data=outd; vbar mdpt / type=sum sumvar=count discrete frame cframe=ligr gaxis=axis1 raxis=axis2 nolegend; run; Now, plot a standard and robust semivariogram: proc variogram data=thick outv=outv; compute lagd=7 maxlag=10 robust; coordinates xc=east yc=north; var thick; run; title 'OUTVAR= Data Set Showing Sample Variogram Results'; proc print data=outv label; var lag count distance variog rvario; run; data outv2; set outv; vari=variog; type = 'regular'; output; vari=rvario; type = 'robust'; output; run; title 'Standard and Robust Semivariogram for Coal Seam Thickness Data'; proc gplot data=outv2; plot vari*distance=type / frame cframe=ligr vaxis=axis2 haxis=axis1; symbol1 i=join l=1 c=blue /* v=star */; symbol2 i=join l=1 c=yellow /* v=square */; axis1 minor=none label=(c=black 'Lag Distance') /* offset=(3,3) */; axis2 order=(0 to 9 by 1) minor=none label=(angle=90 rotate=0 c=black 'Variogram') /* offset=(3,3) */; run;  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/stat/chap70/images/varg1h.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  The increasingly rapid rise from the origin suggests that a Gaussian model may be appropriate (note this is based on visual inspection). Trial and error reveals that a scale of c0 = 7.5 and a range of a0 = 30 fit reasonably for both the robust and standard semivariogram: data outv3; set outv; c0=7.5; a0=30; vari = c0*(1-exp(-distance*distance/(a0*a0))); type = 'Gaussian'; output; vari = variog; type = 'regular'; output; vari = rvario; type = 'robust'; output; run; title 'Theoretical and Sample Semivariogram for Coal Seam Thickness Data'; proc gplot data=outv3; plot vari*distance=type / frame cframe=ligr vaxis=axis2 haxis=axis1; symbol1 i=join l=1 c=blue /* v=star */; symbol2 i=join l=1 c=yellow /* v=square */; symbol3 i=join l=1 c=cyan /* v=diamond */; axis1 minor=none label=(c=black 'Lag Distance') /* offset=(3,3) */; axis2 order=(0 to 9 by 1) minor=none label=(angle=90 rotate=0 c=black 'Variogram') /* offset=(3,3) */; run;  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/stat/chap70/images/varg1i.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Note that the fit is good, particularly at smaller lag distances. This suggests that the choice of a Gaussian form is adequate. The Gaussian form with the parameter values chosen above can be used in PROC KRIGE2D to produce a contour plot of the kriging estimates and the associated standard errors. References: Cliff, AD and Ord, JK (1975). The choice of a test for spatial autocorrelation. In J. C. Davies and M. J. McCullagh (eds) Display and Analysis of Spatial Data, John Wiley and Sons, London, 54-77 Cliff, A. D. and Ord, J. K. 1981 Spatial processes - models and applications. (London: Pion). Geary, R. (1954). The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. The Incorporated Statistician 5: pp115-45 Moran, P.A.P. (1950). Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena, Biometrika 37, pp17-23. Sokal, R.R. and Oden, N.L. (1978). Spatial autocorrelation in biology. 1. Methodology. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 10: 199-228.  PAGE  PAGE 3 *3ABCN  k   . / 0 1 ƻͻ~sl\OsjhlIhm1nEHUj8E hlIhm1nPJUV hlIhQjhlIhQUjhlIhm1n9EHUj8E hlIhm1nPJUVhlIhQ9jhlIhQ9UhTV hTV5 hlIh=Jhy1 hlIhF>hlIh=J5 hQ)hQ)hlIhQ)9CJaJh@9CJaJh=JhQ)h=JCJ aJ BCNOB C  O P @ gdw & Fgdwgd*gd=JgdF>gd~p & Fgd~pgdQ) $^a$gdQ)$a$gdQ) b&b1 ; = > E N P Z  % ? @ Y s t /5T^ij&hTV5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph&h5a5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph,hlIhD:5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph hlIh8h$hf8 hwhwhlIhx,rB*phhwhe hlIh=JhjhWv hlIh, $%$%'/9 & F gdL^gd8r h^h`gd8r^gdWv ^`gdWv $^a$gd^gd ^`gd^gdgd& & F gd&gdD:gd8 &E\]tuvwsbVB/bs$jIhlIhm1n9CJEHUaJ'j8E hlIhm1nCJPJUVaJhlIhm1n9CJaJ jhlIhm1n9CJUaJhlIh}9CJaJhPc9CJaJhlIh9CJaJhlIhQ9CJaJhlIh{;9CJaJ hlIh&hlIhD:59CJaJ,hlIhD:5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph&h5a5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph&h'U5B*CJOJQJ^JaJphͺﮢycPI>jhlIh%U hlIhQU$j hlIh%9CJEHUaJ*j8E hlIh%9CJPJUVaJ$jf hlIh%9CJEHUaJ*j8E hlIh%9CJPJUVaJhlIh9CJaJhlIh}9CJaJ$jhlIh%9CJEHUaJ*j=8E hlIh%9CJPJUVaJhlIh%9CJaJ jhlIh%9CJUaJ4567KLcdefgʾxg[E2g[$jmhlIh%9CJEHUaJ*jG8E hlIh%9CJPJUVaJhlIh%9CJaJ jhlIh%9CJUaJ$jhlIht9CJEHUaJ*j8E hlIht9CJPJUVaJhlIht9CJaJ jhlIht9CJUaJhlIh}9CJaJ hlIhQUjhlIh%UjhlIhm1nEHUjB8E hlIhm1nPJUV hlIh%grs !#%lmn֗n[OHAHA h8rh} h8rhr{nhlIh{;9CJaJ$j_hlIh9CJEHUaJ*j8E hlIh9CJPJUVaJ$jhlIh%9CJEHUaJ*jk8E hlIh%9CJPJUVaJ$jhlIh%9CJEHUaJ*jR8E hlIh%9CJPJUVaJhlIh%9CJaJ jhlIh%9CJUaJhlIh}9CJaJ,2NPQWv筦~򦛭naj/'h8rhm1nEHUj8E h8rhm1nPJUVj$h8rh{;EHUjk8E h8rh{;PJUVjh8rh{;U h8rh& h8rh{;j!h8rhm1nEHUj8E h8rhm1nPJUVjh8rhr{nUhWv h8rh0 h8rh}hw h8rhr{n h8rhm1n$CEij"#$%&'-./89̮̿qZ,hlIhL5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph,hlIhD:5B*CJOJQJ^JaJphjZ[hWvUh&j/hWvU h8rhWvh8r h8rh8rj,h8rh wEHUh wj)h8rh wEHUj8E h8rh wPJUV h8rh wjh8rh wU h8rhY h8rh&hPc9xm x\J55)hlIh26kB*CJOJQJ^JaJph#hwB*CJOJQJ^JaJph6jơhlIhWvB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph<jh8E hlIhm1nB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph2jhlIhLB*CJOJQJU^JaJph#hPcB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIh9IB*CJOJQJ^JaJph#h)|B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIhLB*CJOJQJ^JaJph9_{}~ 7$8$H$gd9LO 7$8$H$^gd9LOgdPc & F gdV $^a$gdL^gdL   %&=>?@^_mxaL5,hlIhV5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)h8rh8rB*CJOJQJ^JaJph-jch8rh8rCJEHOJQJU^JaJ<jBfE h8rh8rB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph)j h8rh8rCJOJQJU^JaJ h8rh8rCJOJQJ^JaJh8rj$hWvU#hPcB*CJOJQJ^JaJph#hWvB*CJOJQJ^JaJph#h8rB*CJOJQJ^JaJphm6ABҽmQ8m0jghlIhEG9CJEHOJQJU^JaJ6jG8E hlIhEG9CJOJPJQJUV^JaJ#hlIhEG9CJOJQJ^JaJ,jhlIhEG9CJOJQJU^JaJ#hPcB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIhEGB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIhLB*CJOJQJ^JaJph,hlIhV5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph,hlIhL5B*CJOJQJ^JaJphMOPQ~sjee hPc6h+ChPc0JjhPcU hhPcjhPcUhPchb&hL5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph,hlIh2{5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIhLB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIhEGB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIh{B*CJOJQJ^JaJphVW{}~./45jOKG?G?G?G?hSD6hPc6hPchw4h9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq 4h5aB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq 5;vw|} ijϱuZuZuZu4h5aB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq h{ hPc6hPchb #.?K6<`pgdPcgdPc^gd9LO 7$8$H$^gd9LOTUX57:=_ֵyXyyXy:y:h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq hPch9LOh9LOCJaJ4hPcB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq _y,deX Y _ b f i l o x y ggg:h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq (-56CQhs   9 [ d k q { 7$8$H$^gd9LO ! !!!!6!!!!!!!!!-"."5"8"<"?"B"E"c"d"g"h"""""""""F#:h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq ) !Z!!!!!!!!!!"0":"A"G"\"y""""""""&#>#U# 7$8$H$^gd9LOF#T#m#n#p#s###########$$'$($:$;$<$=$H$I$h$i$$$$$$$$$%%%%%%(%)%A%B%I%J%P%Q%f%g%l%ģģąąąąąģģģģģģąąąąģģģģģģģģ:h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq 4U#V#e#x####$K$e$}$$$$ %2%[%%%%%%!&I&Q&`&m&&& 7$8$H$^gd9LOl%m%r%s%%%%%%%h&k&u&x&&&&&&&&&''''''(')'-'.'U'V'r'|'}'''''''($(%(.(/(0(1(4(5(9(:h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq 4&&'8'R'j'''''(L(((((()@)h)p)q))) *K*** + 7$8$H$^gd9LO9(:(C(D(F(G(S(T(U(V(Y(Z(_(`(c(d(t(u(v(w({(|(((((((((()q)v))))))d@h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq &))))) * **%*J*K*N*e********* + ++&+L+M+W+r+000ģģģģģą}laYhPcOJQJh2_hPcOJQJ h2_hPcCJOJQJ^JaJhwhPc:h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq @h9LOh9LO5B* CJOJQJ\^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB*CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq :h9LOh9LOB* CJOJQJ^JaJfHphq  + +L+M+p+r+++.,v,,-N---&.n...F///0 0f0g00gdWv 7$8$H$^gd9LO0 0f0g0000 15181y1|122%2&2T2U22222333334 4ؼؼخخؼؼva)hlIhD:B*CJOJQJ^JaJph,hlIhx95B*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIhx9B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh2_hPc5hAhD-CJOJQJ^JaJhWvCJOJQJ^JaJhCJOJQJ^JaJhPcCJOJQJ^JaJhhPc!h2_h2_B* OJQJ^Jph"000 1 11N1O1a1111222 2/2`2a222223^gd ^`gd^gdWv^gdWvgdWv`gd333 44R4n4577[9}999-:.:J: $^a$gdl^gdl & Fgdgd5 $^a$gd5 & Fgdu> $^a$gd5 $^a$gdr^gdr & FgdrgdD:gdWv 444P4Q4R4S4j4k4l4m4t4u444ҽuY:<ju9E hlIhrB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph6jVh}ihB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph6jfE hB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph2jhlIhrB*CJOJQJU^JaJph#hAB*CJOJQJ^JaJph)hlIhrB*CJOJQJ^JaJph,hrhu>5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph,hrh}i5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph444444444444444#5$5;5ʵʵzʵʵ[?ʵʵ6jhlIhrB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph<j9E hlIhrB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph6j8hlIhrB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph<j9E hlIhrB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph)hlIhrB*CJOJQJ^JaJph2jhlIhrB*CJOJQJU^JaJph6jhlIhrB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph;5<5=5>5D5E5\5]5^5_5p5w555555ūfJ88#hAB*CJOJQJ^JaJph6jh}ihrB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph6j@fE hrB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph,jhrB*CJOJQJU^JaJph#hrB*CJOJQJ^JaJph2jhlIhrB*CJOJQJU^JaJph6jDhlIhrB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph<j9E hlIhrB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph555555555555555566ȱgRI=I=I=.jhlIhCJUaJh}h9CJaJhA9CJaJ)hlIhrB*CJOJQJ^JaJph6j"h}ihrB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph6j{fE hrB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph#hrB*CJOJQJ^JaJph,jhrB*CJOJQJU^JaJph6jh}ihrB*CJEHOJQJU^JaJph6jpfE hrB*CJOJPJQJUV^JaJph6+6,6-6.62646^6_6v6w6x6y6z666666ti`R`?$jnfE h9CJPJUVaJjh9CJUaJh9CJaJh5hCJaJ!jGh5hCJEHUaJ$jPfE h9CJPJUVaJhCJaJjhCJUaJhA9CJaJh}h9CJaJjhlIhCJUaJ!jhlIhCJEHUaJ'j9E hlIhCJPJUVaJhlIhCJaJ66666666666777799Z9[9\9|9ֿ֬֐̈́̈́xdM,h5h55B*CJOJQJ^JaJph&h5B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh5hr9CJaJh5h}9CJaJh9CJaJ$jhG8hG89CJEHUaJ$jZfE hG89CJPJUVaJjhG89CJUaJhA9CJaJhG89CJaJjh9CJUaJ$jh5h9CJEHUaJ|9}99999999:*:,:-:.:/:F:G:H:I:J:K:R:S:j:k:l:m:n:o:p:q:::::ͻ͢ͻ|okdk`kY htZhtZh ch h chh chhtZj hlhEHU!jgE hCJPJUVaJjhlUjqhtZhtZEHU!jfE htZCJPJUVaJjh5U hlhlhl h5h5h5h chB*phhAB*phh5B*ph,h5hu>5B*CJOJQJ^JaJph"J:K:p:q:::::::6;7;S;T;x;y;;;;^gd8r^gdtZgdtZ^gd ch^gdtZ $^a$gdtZ^gdtZ & FgdtZgd ch^gdl^gdl::::::::::::::::4;5;6;7;8;O;P;Q;R;S;T;[;\;s;t;u;v;;;;;;;±w±jjhlhEHUjhtZhtZEHU!jfE htZCJPJUVaJ htZhtZh chhj6jhlhEHU!jgE hCJPJUVaJhjhU hlhtZjhtZh7 aEHU!jgE h7 aCJPJUVaJhtZjhtZU&;;;;;;;;;;;;<</<0<1<2<4<5<H<I<O<[<m<s<t<<<<<<<ս՟Ջ|xpx_Rpxpj'hhEHU!jB gE hCJPJUVaJjhUh h ;h ;h4>h ; hhj6j$htZhtZEHU!jfE htZCJPJUVaJj!hlhEHU!jgE hCJPJUVaJ hlhtZhtZjhtZUjhtZhtZEHU!jfE htZCJPJUVaJ ;;4<5<,@-@/@\@{@XAYAAAXBYBhBBBBCOCC^gd5a^gd5a & Fgd} $^a$gd ;^gdgd^gdtZ^gdtZ<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<==(=)=*=+=0=1=H=I=ŸqdTjfE hhj6PJUVj@3hhj6EHUj/fE hhj6PJUVjhhj6U hhj6 hhjY0hhEHU!j gE hCJPJUVaJj-hhEHU!jy gE hCJPJUVaJjhUj*hhEHU!jg gE hCJPJUVaJhI=J=K=P=============>>>>>>>>>>?? ??,?D?F?M?Q???????@+@,@-@.@/@9@F@\@پթ h ;h ;h ; h4>htZj;h4>h5aUh4>hj6h chj9hh8rEHUjLfE hh8rPJUV hh8rhD hhj6 hhjhhj6Uj*6hhj6EHU1\@`@h@l@y@z@{@@@AAAAAAAAAAAXBYBlHmH*I+I-I.IIIIIIsld\Th5aB*phjZh5aUh5aCJaJ hJ(h5ah-wh5a5CJaJh-wh5aCJaJhhSIh5a0JjYh5aU h h5ajh5aUh h5a5h5ah}i5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h}htZ5CJOJQJ^JaJh}5CJOJQJ^JaJ#h}hG85CJOJQJ^JaJ CCD=DxDDD)EdEEEFPFFFG=GxGGG,HgHlHmH+I,I-I^gd5a^gd5a-IIII5J6JNJJJJJqhhh_____^gd5a^gd5akdPf$$IfTi  0634i` abp T $$Ifa$gd8<& III6J?K@KAKKKKKKK^LNNNNNNNNNNNOOOO O;O{v^x= ռa MhLFCailzdύuUnmV-BZWhC} Xujid$D ٴk~=܊b5X֋|5 K3e "?lDd b  c $A? ?3"`?2ҍBw E`!ҍBw*Yx]QKK@ݴjڃ Z=lE޴ R)6chiJS9k =# QEi=W:[1WX({:-q“Dd ,b  c $A? ?3"`?2qn"'Bxz3;= E`!qn"'Bxz3;*@x]QKK@ݴjڃ Z="xo{1D 4DQ?ƒ'ݓg 5ఓy|K  pIRBDhmė<}#5RD1#<EA}Bm,Kۣ338(G FnSLs3.݇6Cq؆~7`'}< A$_zw:/&xmR?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrtuvwxyz}Root Entry FЁ@eData sWordDocument"ObjectPool@%Ё_1161350527JF%oOle CompObjiObjInfo "%&'*-./256789:;<?BCDGJKLORSTWZ[\_bcdefilmnoruvwz}~ FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q TDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  n>56Equation Native _1161350547 FooOle CompObj i FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q |DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  nnObjInfo Equation Native  _1161350544 FooOle  FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q TDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  nCompObjiObjInfoEquation Native _1161340989FooOle CompObjiObjInfoEquation Native  FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q TDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  x_1161340578FooOle  CompObj!iObjInfo# FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q TDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  iEquation Native $_1161340592FooOle (CompObj )i FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q DDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  jObjInfo!+Equation Native ,_1161350466,$FooOle 0 FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q TDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  I== nSCompObj#%1iObjInfo&3Equation Native 4-_1161350431)Foo 0  PPw ij (x i "-x)(x j "-x) j " i " P(x i "-x) 2i " FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qOle =CompObj(*>iObjInfo+@Equation Native ATDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  x FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q_11613409991.FOle ECompObj-/FiObjInfo0H TDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  x FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qEquation Native I_1161341010;3FooOle MCompObj24NiObjInfo5PEquation Native Q_11613410358FOle U |DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w ij FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qCompObj79ViObjInfo:XEquation Native Y_11613414106'=F tDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  S 0 FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qOle ]CompObj<>^iObjInfo?`Equation Native aM1 LDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  S 0 ==PPw ijj " i "_1161350566"wBFOle gCompObjAChiObjInfoDj FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q |DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  "-1/(n"-1)Equation Native k _1161350576GFOle pCompObjFHqi FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q |DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  nObjInfoIsEquation Native t_1161350504LFOle x ?3"`?2h*A@WöggE`!h*A@Wögg PtHD NxڭVkSA}Iӗ%X[ z6mR[61ڠ/&$ZZ,"؃A/CޭЋ'C o˗&K6;of2fvNNJ.Z*4uVjS3\(7ۡJ6ʯpn;.W fBK7沋aEbAcp`LDDWm%JmmM6 a(]~%aěxϜ\j\ID: sj,=N^HBq^)AMx5aD:nn{bŦ/2:y.07A5yv$`kG$V\ƢV(gK}HK5r^dTV#Fj$O*}mm>P#%kK4X'Ra/c 8E yNNxO?qG m6 T1-a+c0L&oK+N[w9#("~vIMZ 7Zb# n׿ɽB-Y RA,{Dq+DD@\ո'k?t=TC sUL[I5FP^_f)'Xr!谟 zߎFxO%+9M3)/u-&_0 fM"%uDd b   c $A? ?3"`?2h!!E`!h!!*@`!zx]QJ@ٴj A hE޴ `1jBӔ B1|^}CdoqvM-8d|P `B 1FȢ(hWc_+'TZPa "L. JMI3qV @+ |o9{v^x= ռa MhLFCailzdύuUnmV-BZWhC} Xujid$D ٴk~=܊b5X֋|5 K3e "?lDd @|b   c $A? ?3"`? 2B˿\ʬ!Υ{7[?E`!B˿\ʬ!Υ{7[` 0xڝR;KAfy]|h ("@aH0C/$FH "+a?N0 )vvٝvgf Q T"@ R"(@$B+4O\B1F Cї,:3g *:-w\D%h\"M3iܫ[sڭ3\?z;V5y^f'v=&gR>{;/Fo BWAo Bon7Dd d0b   c $A ? ?3"`? 2 {<]E`!U {<^ k#xڭTAkQyoIzƀ T6YK$).%i$9H- z?C7܋,(y/#*>|3ov7-B2 J!x<mXe^ teNE gC¯iM8}{e6|#%#102H HQ F#h-?n-x2 wiN*)\ׄM~NJRQ!6lބ%@̂DŽe0a|8#βȲok7!,]J{\~=Rp|\\ïhd4ze?&}*Uָp'زܯ7~L~ XS5r^ǃyH_*jGZ/>[h2C;ZrעInܪkG,R!Ѡ2 DyvRʳ"Ռ:)%(q0 pu'M?Y4}jG?mW @܃v ߼q(?uDd @b  c $A? ?3"`? 25SUdP%Mu!E`! SUdP%Mu$ ~ xڕRKAlf ؃ 6 KOYE/)DonDd b  c $A? ?3"`?2Oh%s'E`!Oh%*@`!{x]QJ@ݴj A PЊS6K1ꢁ&)M B1|^}CdoqvM-8d|K !IRBDhė<=#uRDTYPa b"KMQsIV: `OVɈzT |чo9zœʣ"`\t;8ZG1kK/gcƀ)z˗r)6nٳ~iA%@g5Λ7y28#^im?@| W\q>裍*»vx' .`ܹ.x~\bc6,#jpת|.‘H?qg>UVaw}D)Q"VDyF{kJ_ן/}x'giZd7-/|7 ^q$hvg|nSOH"Vz k-} H/?cv1`[.XI۟35&_:M(3ȶ~dKG`\nv߸;;]t}0_xu {,pgwv=ܳpQV~߿UK0>;ٲeKMt?D:)F3gUr퍈龰O61EW_1={﫯 $@o}_793p=zΝAU+W^xa}iMBn:nin͚5/ȟ9s TQq70 l.ӹ.=\he]fz!*JO88sw^{CV!J?17'>oC?*\AbB x8$w}+㉲<2~'%fVx!@FC{v RU >jjYf1Sl̚. )  zIA0d3tDr@ ex 9S7,TOQAbÜC@~HEݝSb5ok,<50ŠAǍ% UchQk"9ƎB[EZXk p jc[VAg˾$21d e˖ej1`k^fO[VɯMo]!P'fAřlvOPJ,^ cB61Sp7xw7j™ ZD1.lr-} "e(0Y%)b·s=xX d~8r\ vn' ZTL>>6%AҠӐXIj4|_6P 6ֹL3@ębC T ZBT? 4kY?RZ<9mMK"}f,U+@ctN_vmq eGq9hEjtDq׾J7ՐxcOűEL ="9̖g2/|N=xT(՞EoۮLsHb򗿰t-؅7xSlW3ucBO z m1UL 0n|;DqHE!q$qwAԋ[v 2`!;&8 'Ic,'%KCql! ly*1ԓT>Hrdf h #GL?я\tpP`g;_U2ZE|LQU o}>ۿ,A}KQ{a0PY,iG8:@ 88#\9D!s'1Nătܔ>|kA cSN}^1[451rR7R-F8 N@P 95j 5_dMiO:`O ǺaeV1#q̔-+i@WcbgAWzVDr@ڠ(9XQ̜=мx2_5Mi->?DQR;kW-!fiqsjN^ftjm;be#iG(㢅62LV1Շ2 6 nP?ٞgmVO0})a#Αl5bH!?b'WVΝaf#kMOӶ~cʱ2òˌ`7>|M4SXkc<[نLR>Jz~3^ژ3⩚yN=GՐ4g/QiLmQwry yg(Fzr-Iop˜Oا_Uɀ$ y;}*笑`2e݇VXH1Ȉkˑl͚Y:hٿQ*;O62q,yn7PfV~e1sYdF[G149p.-3;rجWUlNOl J+Ah\MH^"mU[N=̰WӾZ˓6 6-߹fUTĺZ&'O1̞m>,83*BNvG< tIVUI:JMޤ,| INנ!p#Jʀ>"IBѶXXIbfkrI_NL)q)0uS5f=AnW+mܚN@g͕ >9XfHq,GIF:`u䙯8:֥d5΁DpЌTN2R13Z>J)idRD|Z[id"'ﭚP~q }43B sc %Y!TeC:G3P!Sr7~y-&~/\5)P9DǴ;9>`;r(y7W TJcS^ c1&rcfpXI^k+'Ywr'. A#iM7lgbSe:9"%G7o:`NxI}@$I'D–qv9'!khz.7Qq'zxsCwQȀ\kZO?͵?sGBzłV+v8?>]IE;Y4cAotz8Ӌ.]uUFƶmےծ*m|h& nq@^8.7*9PyKv[ݸqCL[pd{tƖLٻQѪV98 n6Jo8I~%Zzq'H2<2gYi%KcCŗ_~͌/VyGXBg=zs '<FIiUU:"~RC"HĹ1Ȯrt$4si8vW㔼CΦop%}Z,%fTw1'^7} ,?t>k׮%p1&@IvӤC:cA ;쳙޹a1&U{N(Y'P vxC $KNƁExbXt)j+29(fq D=\-_^pɶ[sQYd͏yB{j KV5Xs+jBwc\pO=T_"-v`ӑHoMGzlUA)-G 8t_ӢeS2h!M[x$MY `ՇS?~pX4WţTh{6خj2Ki1$Um8'W-Ѹl?$#O:%|upb ;9 px2Lf AO"oBi;ن8F,I&@fčÎ8g k"0+n?m|}f)F-?! ~ _=cf¾sJt5gcP(3O0)Xo'-W8X*ʫdBdž޽%acJ`*6z7p87U|t)dž|X47Qwb+pKbw$= `5_cqs圔qDwn:D@S8x j(`'Y-ĕX@% #IΆW!|8TNi!_'&㘃)sȈ]؇b[>I$.(4m: *`p\QHSSfddKgU>JMg8f6Lә2\"ۓtjZ|â@kU>JJZ9PLs4%ت!J#f4\R]m(kE0C[COtx%S|ndZ6֎^{CĖ'm)=8jC*&~Ju,ocӕkyhgi}YnО-K

GS~6Ԩ@{=2Mz q\= B쌹5+ a!ҐӸ2Y/#&yZT xBGh[cK*)d0%⢘0}b-I$v:\eֱ\دݫtTELQ5σb`/B,9+|7cL1m82,Gˈ/0Z.q`R[KHΪ02CmnE<D `ٶ͖2q_=/3{uɿ/887OΝ;s2)8Y#_7¸`'N>yHrzL⋙Z|W'ː%!)3LU+d(՗2=Nq^C=)a遱{N6'CԌEmnkNZ|ހ iW)DSEFo$]@B|> %C !攐d|ՎŸ쳏{C9tna䗿eLܐbP³ob&/$  5 7P! #P?&-ƭྰ /e&Q7* ;^ЂZB3"B@! & [!$(̲X Z8yoJKARr==3*%B@4A0?p>vMf\[p8ٳʧ>) me҆Rm9$B@t@]S3೯~Aǝn'ԷՏ31n__I>mģ1_;!B@! z"Pb_r?/l7AVޝ bfW2\?5lLU! @؁)&iўsfdYw9g`xȪbC<1ţ(As5Q8C=KJ3?JǫpjdϨ*w̲}SXP`|(VJr6Y兀Cǥ9[},ìneO_coyf{wl.̬J5yfB!P~.,:) 9I99 ӈH\Fo S~~\ڰaC>>O ^H@J8".￿N AH"T`t Iv$k֬wqA.P I~j;^ڑwJoI8$d(8]5F"M5:82{J_MX8;+Ȧ-r[L[s_%e--%W4)E(XK$\>63+<RQ .1ߔ# 6|߱Ԙy^a 'mA$aG\Kb($5cOduQ:b%\B(z|^TR4EӂAmhC|!)SBx H[{i愭2/}|H`g͜ k`8r5@1;9 dх3g jt(G_.Br|͊_vĔbX$tK`!K# ÆՌA_ނ=yF޴62E,pBk ?)/6l&? jTO ŇUG!9Lꐘ݁,ڳΆ)?9uBu8( !PUTcF= ;ycqI' |.qz>l}"xɛ83bB1: D0ɽD1nŮ!e{=zښ<GۙtД eJ-6' b3lj5rb15s1#={v7mf.\7ʛ Z@68Uگ`^AAcٲeyB2zPp/7r)ĝS/Ck*UMTy!|LTLu 98Y4f>%,1}<xG-Y2f`˖-8(.Q|O3+9\/kP\I옛K\m ݫ_" %) P߁ Œr"uڄ2+(vJ0ɋs̱V^'f7 %  Zs Pܓ 4 ޓ'mBeRiU(R_MQ&@ba0`88Kxs+-LFpp:7yb[np>ƍ Oa5;|ZVZE~js2{F{ o|A Wm/R={\ Q1+m6Mxi&SKlhe+RhJ̈3N,Y_z8jCl,i8p$ⶠ9N› xy7L(0kŊ q:?ڂf({炪+2szw"C￿+7)azC@>ADX>n&Rw|)?'bT nXLiD ',Ke( }=8h%ד.%܆09ۍP qxuUPҮ~[˷([Wdzq|'y+ADX#05B``0ˍy@Xؼyc,Da\n|N?tW$44#56w,1-gUL8#efb9; 8G{1:Ugb4.)D@> ],O}w=E'xj² !b%D8-Xn\a6B`|=*V"l2^Bd׿u!W mk'?ʼnKN8mIRK֐"*g yV8I_hQ"B,5FGNə#:l,8),\(p48xlUd'^)G@($ʂ-(#+Q*B`P<4I[ ! 䣌DB@iB@>4I[ ! 䣌DB@iB@>4I[ ! 䣌R.<B@:H?@;ɸ+-Z3AB@" e @J.f! pG2-^EP#"B  B@DGR! %" D&! B@>t@! ((%JE4 ! QB@! @G)Q*I! "B@! JD@>JRMB@! |B@!P"3["]i6A8ޱcǛo9k֬yۧ +E@>A! (($B@G! %" D&! B@>t@! ((%JE4 ! QB@! @G)Q*I! "B@! JD@>JRi˗x(Z(>9E\u !  ( [! B-W! (oB@^O[Njv:CJ殆w}oj壏>z%s!ڄB@(ҁ<^{mFQްaC[oues9^zK/4{ljS! :JL*<6{9sf!{Pp€+W~k֬ߟuYz*?'|^DB@hE*$vڭZǍ78E=S17pu]kϞ=7t+|'&͂CB}䣴Dpr)Dرc֬Y]tQ ?/y۷7l z!1!LL\w:Ыe˖y_P Uط)??|B`22rl MYu(G%: [hO*#QF8w}9>~zL'/{3Z&̙ ІE/1%O ! @=Q!`[ vmwЇ>tG|wraq<1m4Cag}6ر =B@!P&QʔKYTa͛дuVW/b#82|J82%/}iŊ(<6m* hQ#Q 1k\w9vGMOի9F)!j|Ihglٲ$QGUQBO2W ܭ[n{ RB@V*^9񧬣|u]'v ?:# !zN> g}^1p#B@/QWvQ-Xfz';R6n)eJMчXz o۶m{,Y7k׮=F4GԺB` ޴|nG #/IU8p ڎ &"0pVP品N8V"N;$ dڵkܹod/.SQP~ L0ZhU}#e u2P<?9i\YX~ӟqsU! ( 1a̙LSE<=ZrUJ%#uSmĚV)$h|M}qbQ )©W" B@>JL*$B@tQ:\ ! YGɂIB@?8IENDB`lFDd .O D  3 gLA "`bEadR42#"`oE[EnEadR42#"`oPNG  IHDRsRGBEQIDATx^[^uCn*Q#H`5X&*DJlhc׸I"ۍ'NnՐVApE%r1*);CiJ;T5>F٧هᄚ>kYg5kf;Ǘ ;D!.LLLL]6&`&`&`&0VtA&`&`&`&`:`&`&`&`i5Jd&`&`&`6&`&`&`&0VtA&`&`&`&`:`&`&`&`X5\sC=T'O=şy LI 4{Jxou5>v_}UR7>cżoֲeŸ(*'O>)_y4&`&`&`E`Vp_~LN; SO^{k_wߍUUبhڵ7ߌ`_]Zub0009&eZz}j*K/s,՝8q .8t%Y駟>[B ^{gcǎҌ7v)<+VhU>)aΝhѢyLLL`4Vx\ԙα90 p\}/9r|:vM7ukPx^7p-g};oLͧ/_gy&fʕK,,tGҥK/B_>|4C:&.LLFLX COv@@k[5}q,%MlkvXcT֭[3L#I$}b.~uùLLLT Bpdz6m4 md Ly={Geb!m'-[Jsկb'h7/;,&`&`&`"PiZ1@v'XF7Fxqp 9^+Y^^2L(xa/F'rShछMLL` TV84fVM+⟰EXK]Pf+fk+qifU$Iw200*u$?@{FK9b`c߿p(r*BLJ9)e uܧ>"k.LLՁ8S|/ްaä Ƌ]okL!F;tSK]qu8骴Ĵڻw{+B S<݊mw74&`&`&`m 裏hX{ uL B:b]rBDych}ZxFa&ؽ{ӊ5zjzP"xӃuevE[ No&`&`3Bq$S` u?p45A2  ŸzzUH|XSگP YLL2wp2/aeŕ,ϽۙE"YAWL v%Pj>]`LLL @AJc>C ~_W5F%ulkm[Urj#[_j`1 LLL VAb(:N~U)b]ZWW_&#v?<={.` ]wuuxWSlb<Mck۶mt7^.b̅ !PO}Ƭ=c2FML nv Np7qKUgl)̯^tE΀ekWADǟx@|9眤|L(j_lGyDH`M._ogagLL!SItN*7uhN(;g]s4j KbX:}sKxuB2MK600Y".*#YNq`kcBbf0\VCRVW!7JOr*F_F_4NeDBb&`&`3O ]WP8߈*&WAxMⱾ7xGa%dEy'$ce3T~+O҉5"F%YaQ200$Pwdh}L\r<x>X;-٘AѮg}sdB.:1U59X> /|]銣/^<`|}HNi&`&`&PyV}Q%JDz"gu׸G\uUMKv$.خbITc [K300'ݴb 7>.~W Gv?>&=`W}ӟ}̝ʗ''%$*]vY i100 t_Pi(:.lcD pAVcWC½4ԷKk+vg`Q<ȩ&`&`&0vݽVcoy,? m $\i͸MvE8l feS8[gv DYRLL1\Zm d3='DI(9?qUhK l|YD\7٩'[gґﯼ /Zre% iիW̿5WN-MIWL:G000lZu%7| zW/MNi&`&`&0$0$>e {>8 j.NJ^}M۷oҗT|p.u&`&`&`kՏ_Fn #gj;oD`;?&4 ߴ?̇)dժU: i5q۶m۳g~XOT\1f T[n=묳5k/_'y扳p&`&`&0lZM\hQ1ի1 `wɮ MLL懀M~+Vvm?яq#Gb~cTM˱q%K;uqor&`&`&ЏM~2rk9%oۗ^z)AT!ѣz+Y%aDhILLL` شxpC0\dnݺ*>}rʃz{Ļ @o>ת7¦XY]E> mL' ymW5aMLL`*شn*P>kLO=[ A;2̅LLL7/FةV Y |rNFQV?ة~g200VX':YU)x/]/> t000i `jz2 ZHG&`&`&`@4e0006f# 000i `jz2 V3ґn 4i5 `LLLfMH7LLL`شJ{_뮻o, شYk|n>1H l&`&`&0 lZ^k֭+V &`&`&`c$ݤvr)O<2 /{旿k700)6f;000%`j~v000"`jӍ100_6旿k700)6f;000%`Ӫ#;w4ĵ{* (ŋwl![oѕhSO=&Ӛ khV̠֭S/oTǏ ǎ;xO>˖-_wJF}k哀Us=we!-[r;M7/oSO=u}ݭ4207w|k֬fʡT`1/]KNSժ|S?m^oE`ʕonjU /vwqW*UW]uĉpiIw|wf$??Lz(|Rnڴ3ӟ֬RV.oFi't'-j!rML`!2#anf#￟իW3)bru{e%/uw܁o^buv5b/X]o>#‚͂,kI MF]ַ>O}_Z*XP^y& kA$&}C;XxӮ|IL,?0|ꕲ~Ws=wyƍߏuvugg,U8HW 7ĘCnSC,+b%vڥ40H4_r3Rgr#=H3huU,(f,g}'Rx'."$iȻHaG}>]vYa6၀"/pN myeBΩgnz_4~ O俤~Z8#"pdg>4JL9)IW8wgɉ>=%c;2޶n:H Ǥ(E[/"q8A. X#;*]%Cfƪ@5iX sXE v;Lv^-݅TLxQeZ鍱8yLs;ɶg+=II^\rtam-~X s㲂Ue{8xImpSO Ί+x5ŗ%g2˃x2,YR*"9X}F)Woi%؋Nᵢ>h}LBB.4;NV.'j$0 ?cUD0Kxl<-EDXZݤ$R^wo{7Cb^${ ArJ]ԥrT)%Pbi7!b2}7xRJ88ѣ̈́L _+A8AVÇ(WhNL`mkxFISLE__3kWɮ$s.F:gVa&~`JӒd^"I+խ5@aʼn5`*ST]Ծ̋]_i/gym苰CtHHbdIޟ\v"C-Ω^P>0h*)<3 U$IiF .CuVZ^W2׻YW >y^Y+uMVxVdn YTBME7]zYAp*D 0x%IKդ *{r3G` (+pST?SkV!Ym' ?(9U{ND6ɊäΎw:Q֡5^ Z܉xGI#aN{uّHq[(fB 6e>UԿ`_U"4zm7< v>&J67y jbX*y!!n9X@,.Prc[RM\|NefoL{):/!^e<+$K6C!jCj+{n(mə]N0qs4\}5XX)d\?h`bKKC=IBVVeT(^8aPlp*[ %n`(}XUf叭p3(l UZ(S ![J(<4|$[lr6g Rg`*RĽ)4.qXwҸvc= W_S|yG >3kD 2㒱8cepRP4jieM9ux1ư/:C=< uV$śU.2㛥nb)PE1W,Dr"U0A1aU u)9(@1H9U4"g^,p)bN}'^H;V7ǯs}ڹUjP 3GѴ/XENf<0qꀫ9".M3Wm ϻw"Se="rUUA[;iK;@PTI.5VOB9$l=~ނXǔ+nspQBN٨HieZQi3Ȩ%v,"QUM%2iM*5+Ҭy󗶗V *5fASJB-\e"eʴ_X dKRbPK2{FOVXxZd$n>,=^|N6lK/"aCGNE_D%[Q/\J+&^hQ|VҒ0 iuW$ ue.^'CWZd;J۶m+'q&)k$?|0Ɋb}u Kx1 {),ȽT-Gկ o~;)֮J?=MLz_s5*>v9qK1GPݰYViKP;lu|1|U+<P!ӜR!ှ#Q~͙^x!P~_r%5chbHDiq|Uի1V;iԓ%gL/Lv7ĴYVYjЧXmk+>U}qÕ%Rl\Vb1м`~5)d:/vo֛AR O."*ɱ0`/y͛\- \H7M%viOӳ>)+_ xцٿ&ɟI[=s $,Oyϊ=8`zV:LjOMu>QIc8&೪(җeUT'3G4YمomM+4$}#7xJ)_Ō[2cx3dpΡx/ A _ ɥMݓvSq8ڹs)cg=o(_r_Ҟ48ƄJ^>~: /۞g>Ʌs9n! !o(fgpKJbzsE  ϼx9z^Q񍊠\^V94c! Q.L0bC1P'z _ExKÿqqsJH-^Ȑ0!Y< x鶸 yh/1"X՚!Cċ#E_iu#koAIM+PETJϩxxC\(BqUzri؋ YZfrSX⭅jwBbP%Od ^ MƱ:  }F Ǡƾsd /ݯqFH:\ζY^vAlIzseDhBӐ"hib!M+JOd+t" h}0soPpVivNI44xx-b'ӼX;'0( թu5Tp2iFUNT~մ҉pTBRϰ |rq|5R>ʢ^ٵyjI>\_,bSTDRl85Q,eܚiXmQ|P^6t8*9%W&f_P@ś}I6Vq73Ao s(D*(Pz_J/`'uR#yC7q%yѧUZe< efUHI\}K/HʴRf#yʤ6 #̈́+ee~ɋIM(%jOLS뒿')7c:_42LiIQx g$ؼSԿdVdnzB7gp[H FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q TDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  C== n"-1CompObjKMyiObjInfoN{Equation Native |+_1164373826QF2S 0  PPw ij (x i "-x j ) 2j " i " P(x i "-x) 2i " FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qOle CompObjPRiObjInfoSEquation Native L0 DDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  S 0 , S 1 , and S 2_1164374713VFOle CompObjUWiObjInfoX FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q LDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  g(h)== 12n(h)P(x iEquation Native _1161413237Ec[FOle CompObjZ\i "-x j ) 2(i,j): h ij ==h " FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qDDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesObjInfo]Equation Native _1161415833`FOle Times New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  g(h) FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q DDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesCompObj_aiObjInfobEquation Native _1161415826^eFTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  h FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qDDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesOle CompObjdfiObjInfogEquation Native Times New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  n(h) FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q DDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePages_1161415878YmjFOle CompObjikiObjInfolEquation Native _1164366656roFOle CompObjnpiTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  h FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q DDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesObjInfoqEquation Native _1164366704tFOle Times New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  h ij FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q TDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesCompObjsuiObjInfovEquation Native _1164366715hOyFTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  i FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q  DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesOle CompObjxziObjInfo{Equation Native Times New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  j FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q<DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePages_1164370768~FOle CompObj}iObjInfoEquation Native _1164370798|FOle CompObjiTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  [h"-dh,h++dh] FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q      !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234`789:<;?=@ACBDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWVXYZ[\]^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~z͡XBg)} 9Vn#٩+4V, 9l;:aD\kX @u",,DW bSK,Tk/z`p*\PMɈ obPf,6RQM(ta^D0v$LhEU֍Qul1 Ȥ8>)v8D3H[AI"~#~~~o1`&7|QM@ 2z}Ӌ=ww4[=mɩJ|g#AI,nw&LO?F ңoB.V$wc+zRs4KvyT5&v\qtpONlm hA ҕջ-M:X8h}g1?F=0$ d<Ȍǝ4yˣ>o+lR*c32HɓeVi)V0YT%#ׇxL_X8ടYFqi5vKq&˙!OL}^K(4)@e%+:( :`UJa珛fNysÔ]}2`mbNXuQ&0!eGR`[=!\lZ S>*ϣaPEE?M2[*AFĂEG,IDXbnjd&Oƛ$Lˍ;:Xx&׈ &%ZY5!v`Yj,K#5U(ޜ5qEE^6UNL .˿K@rdt:Kr DV6:XBWg&`&0lZwYP/=+Ӗ/-j42kUlMb}駉v-C10IU9@>R*'z';?b9= {6MLL`nش*a]:.է̍006ҮEpQq7LL撀MGx~_WK-t]&`&`&03;3-!`WI R 100XlZO8A:7/(털F!400&u.4#=;[g{s0lٲFȎ7.dyo000Q۽{7V._X$]b(:SEC, Vcws%GB00{HՋi+RjW}O200Z 玵&ug<L|O> Fɿ{( !`Ӫ M 骫z7mĪR>\veIĕ޻c ݗ ش4?l۾}ѣGNW&SOM,cS!mۆv4006kՆܦq =֭[Kk#7yv׮]^c8t] LV:T8X%߯‰~BuK.<=|ʕ+5k %100!`TUaE۷AO>dL%] wA{ܞvUSLL`k5sǏkuw ijJAyf#Lu#- Vޙkug'U0X"~|m뮛FZ>00^d9/0;VeWzw{4Y$#}[hLLL`ش_gr`Urs(CofKl&`&`#!tT$&^໺⋗,Y2Yb003Vc=n&`&`&0e 8ebqLLLL՘{ϲ LVS!LLL`lZ, i5ebqLLLL՘{ϲ LVS!LLL`lZ, i5ebqLLLL՘{ϲ Lf:4x4.UV5%MLL`N ,t5\sC=4P+۱c_w_ĉ (Ňp'lnC`UYxq: нV{/֕@r-֭kzر˥7n|:AOk׮+VPF)k.̬:8 5.[L O>$#NyguVc^'/ .o*ҐDU߿aÆr#΂9ui1&[AFF:&/ZUİpV>W_m\" ԘŤnEDUq5Ҏ{r^Bb r2" o+W^foVlJIV"X{anGg>)/Vl$p=)2sovҥ yǞeO|߱QXU|{Te O=Kf-$s;Bb"h馛5mͬnzq%d CL\8`XK,)G -{~"JO/tmb78rlP.?|0*oTxj,ʣ<ھ/LIP6Xi,Ueٹs'/6}Cw0jj,jdwu3<Ɗ6mJĽq|ܧku!XT\p tNLNN .H%A MbtT}M1"o۶#F!jA$,f >Jy>sq>O*P ~^G7wH[JƇ~X+BF³T* JPdJ#KHP橑4J}Ժq;C3~("kpD=.MC1jGO A1ud@aCMt'$TbcJ S@1Ԓ4<:PuIZP*OCOUV9'IyxJVdRBEWJM.DpbN#+$LraP'k"ĺ ^0HxG%?E]ׅ}oRڇſL$PT8Ο(r4 YA*C0^/$a6ܟ?KDZ94,AP* Q݀'Ti7_ :&")PjJh!=uH@F0wW8Dtdwрҁ@ ,i cwU T5;BFU,,tBUA7~&*j/' #ua)+z\VE;9,Ӫu+!eHiMPf@حŝi/6jFP`JV% G)j &{RHlZ0 N)5[}[\sF~*- LjU:Ed MK ch@iՙ?klCU{&e,PAD*&YU"1njΝBMNԋge];'\Eo cC5UشBT&WMA0ըi&L<_0M`*椬J:b-w2ueN{J^b!rf ^ը`$pF a9 Q|s"5~DUh>OIEaE>^+)IӪdI8TXUJ0UM+T,0T{]YYũWOJ=%?̿5{+4Qi$.v *HblYbzDvfɏ8B.G'YUr;no4W ~򕯰'K(y1_.P< 7 ] Ԉ m;$@P(L?Sñ&`3i8VV!!ac ȧ z gԌᗿgyf+iէzU)1 2XU|>׫Jfg"QspH(/%ygj b6i r]v 㖭N>ŧjKg3Ֆ7mnzӶ$<&&g "8V^]AgY~g>`o!fAOڮgvƄ]|B$H*U$B&B*+g`*MR 1#,5"n3Bi[h}\Xs Gu{֖CQ N?>72 Gd4iRUQ.Z+ r@LQЅ@FmVQބUNi!(ucxU[4yG̯YϾeĐ[ R\Ièt%YEr(zvDg(PfoҚ VpU{H%$ar5 !½&{R-VJ!oK3* \@**L# mR$k[<^NeA TzUf =MeZ72gzNYCNA0D#̣gǥ3C W.Y Jg5 K~al]BʴB0$/wЪĴ.IQ_i^ څb@ҨLE'zCѸ+qhML+ OwXPZT9:2B2-_|t-p=.'cğ׷:̈ns'$)ɀ; ^ ޲ΧXMBU=yqB#9:VS۞>)PYCiKýPׇɰy&W5˰gi/9GJ?5S,catHCH5Ki;V-*B'*މ-nDu `g ;O*Չ MU9<ݛUîb)mXpLZ﹯eavPt w׀44YhUdin#+#UVbX+\cLgfkR +)_mSU0zkR4"S(_A:cD{__f0^|̶s5oB(h?qfv'3N`ݘ, M6kfi1c*.9fpmU(=VSev}cKvQA{Ċ̣>"{S!Ǭya`uUJ}. {^,߃Y@#nZaڵSc>YFJN`u[[WD>>k pjQLXRS3LMB ݴ.H&`&`&`%nMLLL`ش<&`&`&`#&`jĝgMLLMဆ͛7KYL`|ÛC2f߿so76W(h7 Jj31!81.LLL`ת9xK͘#D&`&`&`%`j]gMLLMKd&`&`&0Z6FuLLL`ش>D&`&`&`%`j]gMLLMKd&`&`&0Z6FuLLL`/!LIENDB`^Dd 8b  c $A ? ?3"`?2fΚZ:Gߔ E`!|fΚZ:GߔH (v JxڭVMhA~3M7iZJ[/4 R Mm MRj'X,ŻT/"=УPһЊO"/dl06ٷ{a@+;'HI@ )IE]"Kv6::QءM_?B *Y`&|{.X"D%$ e۔K(eeJlm{ٰ{R+ lӢj8嚍GC1ZGU1c\3 uIjo7?oFc̱N#{hjV&X1z65+[q+1]PkBM[#ZD\%5bƸGJ4-#s}VZI=urR%JcM,bp!hV6fok>fa^@:TVl? g d7⋐@]h F*Uv3b֍Wky6Iqo9,}h;0"YI,-Of~vvS윟SL3s仦"JwlaEuȶ$Xmt:ZUJ8""z?wyg܇{ygk>3\sܓ>5t@òT 蚸6 " " "5]Wy" " " ?D@D@D@& k*OD@D@D@ Kv饗I2T8餓f̘#ۢEK $ @_.SO="z)Se?~z͛|ɓ'fs}fKib%\W^tMgb-b\~nmnnf+7b __{%%C@nǗ; X[r-[\{Ӎ&zu׵(4ӽޛo?cʕG}k٢|s`LTp_tiէ^D@D@D`G苈9rUWMD|A*O7믿Į4?nzo["D-" " "P@{? ~DlF~PV! .|Hsϱ:C<=ȝZ 1;Xg%ԩSgge]v>~uYaq]" " " #A 7Ԥ?aA.3"!+dvL ۱;W_5kcXO?)VRnᆳg>=/D߳>9q`! U`-4" " "0JPžb,`OOPu0SY@gR؝?p2Аs:#iHVZlٲZOYwu[)AD@D@F@a 8_aLf??3xZbÿ?k&ɲz_|czr'`Q&~v!E@D@D`LÂ(T]b/ aQ/K&0N?F5aˊY|y)3_ƜpۡJ ~Jlbq;|D,^{/4EӤЎe}JdF>uUtI|i\0Q g,X'XQA̮63CkVG-Fe5!@ŋ uۯIVzVD@F@A 9҃%~yǂ3׃UvyG %KeYy5 &8>sJ͂ ϟ"ɉt̛mf|" "]3DrG; ؒ w[%^{K&GO+Ox`$$F'Fk*qK+B-*ѦrV/O@0);P!\F`jLjᵦF1'W_͎q|ǵ-_|eu 1S5mڴ|;믿=C~_qp\fzqh񍡶b4T.Wž `E]D8s'7&:}tl/zVD@F@l.0v(sTf4jlSz3/hTP)O6놉Q2M__fU;/V#}*K@CFa;s"Ȱfa 9mq*K e"P\O " F.]:x2 /y %"bGDžf8>>̶-]Hy}* abcgM"U1G&뮻. G_:0":>(Q2P$#qfPH#3a{b a9vYG0l#-ɜb)= 6;R3"rZ(8#p{F5JlM_`iҋdk (Z۟_|h0AgPO'#%ϟ`/Z)(cvl]Rs-}_ HN(ݴ?SIĜo.ꂽG}{{,u^\$]" "0m%~Ǐ[ʶ99Ϟp .&q8'+wۥ/Il9>-r\I,ax _ƪOr,Ї~H^̊)f[ZsbAobúҞiM9@}P"|tx&A/uYfJ!`We 3) 0`77[/6B# eK!2'Ӵ&"0Q ne }PX a[[`- lj8 rPeI|AXe y\0XSa P Re 'ɔSOe)ԩS-[fᷠ@Z,`ADe7OUvHXGBI.wGJJ#" F@G_4jck9o0aOt@&c9oT+4"vv[J]  l, Ł޸(Z>EN[YDD@O@G_tlδ?AlN]JIq`qI'3>oD[ y^E̐۩kUKjTVz? 4d '@2M-P=G|tRbNV(7x#k{=3z2g0=wߔ)S,¿YP. 7|0L.AT^ >en <1̽7dS1/^lkD@D`< WX u i t_1|#8E_FЙ3gr禛n:CQOVŶ] ,"^܌3Tf-pg@ATo2Sģ>2j·yu _ KJ|ps7e] BSD`T腦;yuN W "$#ɸS$>jϛ7/'~@RϼժUqz뭇!z8%7%F/ѩM "l3X!m' &n~yyZ E|[̝;#,r')@;ߠaQ[2f AUw`sO1*Z" K7,7niiQ\\2Mɿ27˴(@Yv~ EL ?FO0`cmϥGŸg'''_y啞W.]zwm\5Y\Ê_}I(" .ώrs\|W$$3k3_O~Rcovylek=7`M:Ɔ[Z/QB6J4Ԋ9F{* C5%tF@GgUŎ3QZ1 @!PHs?Ƽ" " "0?]E1 @!1*RD@D@ƜLU8]vx\$ n+×mpQnQi K>g dhx+ pw[8͂0>t].xW/_HeszΘ]3}N٘ZjmNgl9s0mE_|X`gzuM'p[omGΝ;wʔ)"?aj7>9ӝC ;>WM{K@GTJo~|^N?!Or+3c΂X|~n >fbIi@Er*.nNQ誃F+\o3=p>[4mKOu]wݕo.'$åu|&e]O98t0Lq,0?nJ vl%7BV\&(.Ew,фL [[B,3{+w'QĚ&6dy֬YhM96 mmW yޠ뾣n&;3Kq5/:.h…riӦ/]31AEznBG$g{=$@Sd:"[q&siT eȧA0Z- 0itTKɧ4sZcx2溜dzlIiqȺ[n4}g |2_v%Ahdk6T@G~nޑ`ւk zIgX`Z}?.GIJ~s 3bdJ)5ؕՊ$)0AaO[o#oXB7GRI6Nc7jCi?/K9oSH$qj^O֟bX+🳑۴|7^ni>- aLkV3KovzŨ?-6 2,ry#I~x(HQ.2Wr>e˙l4@=+xVjz2V; [dLjjWAadqiWRhib:z L_%0cQAuD'EBJ0vWKWh/fOd#o!8lYxʘ20pvӼ< bPNP@C@\]GSO=5/Tr]w}gYf37$g޹lVnvoM{2 ,*/<Y鲙ui_|qPGtYg?0/^<Qŋ8∎Y27fd^k*UXdIǓO> 9͛7s|䭷B+)޸f\_qyf{W4ie Uӎ)Xr 1E16 zcrIz5v։?c^,\[|fC2-ngZ#IqcW̬>Tމo>}?- H{ԁ,Ro\WY+8 {Z;dǁ2\汷צaHNׄq"=?ߥ8(5"9a*)82f֫E3I?/^|EwR["r0-4ol9-j++!_pV .Z&~<31VfE&ڕ5smTͧ1Sk3P%D.hpokXf|&%M*P+;oozڞ-`sRɃf'ni()p;3/nFCb]z mH.2ZG $0XT _?h3@[啞Bk!fU%/_TT@$7񊗟3)(.4›/B*O)42h*q^PVs&!5ނ7J+w*L+U)#}=I+YRGj!G;4ؼjgBY lIﶜY2-Pb_"!z;uYM v(1-8>a $*o`O²/PwԚ"s/J<ؙ=T,TQAsQ7w@StAn w/B~C$׏{ 77/4| !؜:Z<8>[9˧yG!9æ9@ūtͿ2G}ۻM+'h:q56d҇籨ot6 FȃIi: Bʓ!-wCaTvp5xBby0u1ڇ6fkQ~,HkXU=3Ϝu(oEК#o+o{b*}*mRD]$#T&7q|wRW* dѸ;|0wv?t"x5ҺNp=;<곟'|nbB>/ŽދcK@ j ʃ6JVd~:Ί{qg&:2{dCE$/P/d.m̴ !Vo>~ٻ>j(o}̖l-i?Nr/+&%ٕWyA_At}5\3l|))Nvs=م67Ap+cK~w'=캁_ LӝwL.h g(]o̙3M7;YuVVO.h3Y|y0Jآ"Ғ'64iE:Ll:CKsAJo">б_Z/P:@06˜`;隫ҷ`6[q&yh.aq/0XH)j1cc?.?\m$R[ٱ>Vаq/>P}$7IO2-_C~ p2@"^ 4j>䔣^ǩն</#7pc{ccBt^hM;8+?VZczb2mL( |إ:,Ι3?[A;~˩ լs13#C%vFy DGM2`+MjcgٵE8w0&.v2┧PH2]*011-v!JD+s.kԴc )1c?Mb*ZĪF`kT kU5gz6vc=L4g1"$f~<]8~v`>7j/~ٚ3PzU=T{4PZ̜ׄ\NS[$N`t ;Fo [#S*," " C' c*" " "0vdUa:CW# cT   $#rNK* " "0NtǨjێ|;/ujM$cTu؇vAUJncg̘a" " cC@Q**" " ! 7 " " "06dUQ Q! clT@o*$Ȅ&{- ] R}-]tG?H GओNNg}ny-mBs̮oSOM&"?z 2A XjA4gΜ_}Vwu 'l֛n)5|)S{#_+U@G@Gt{^~X ?RWI-Jk(|u] /vwE3l]a\U￿`W}㏷Nc3̣j/gU-:ɟB@G ]b%Y;Jv饗]tщ'x9\uU5ģWJΝ;if{mf2!_nk4C-[;G*U:/^ӧvm9+g5xY6gXPt %\pY{iӦ{)Bx$%egi аc $=qTHk<..)=vvEO_B\3Q4j ĨT:o[oT bDE7x˸V\>&Hfo/kM>*XcLj2_!裏Q\"}1VNJ 9ML3팗^z>36}I8Ӹ&;S4ɭWϚAl>ßKllͫ*Id\㥥#!'g&Lн_Ud&˳Ye"ŮA2G+ .8I@eեl륡כ:u*cyR/h!:묓+㣎:*18KW@*[Vj` io_s !ف,PֻZCpK/&Gx$=Ktzek"Pީ7Pbgvjg![42{k)!m 6}/0`P%KHOHğ7ECR M JH8HP_gf'LwqG%/_n\. HRڌM9u]U$`dL0fWxi6ڨlO_I֡ >qGvΛ+<Y2SÏ:ձ`(!RҤ6@nEV[`曛S,v##X]X$paV 7aP!UΣB@Ǩh9&bC>%%k[R2*Ob'QtL)uAŸLڀjO+hа Ar zvFi<)IivƇؖ aRG_ jq֏#CT,N_A?ˈ3ύ.5RX"HaSL`H3hm^;e?zao1/y kRuY;?2["6nS_y L 2_ R5L PkLbHVPS-W#͔H%2 9 NǕ~1LALץuC*Y+IG@An~駻ї FXK#A6CjK'\bc>Plo>TFak!yzkl§KsBA 2E;&ļT?5i%Oe2dR%d!o7}Y?]٦ƁQ t=LĶV.;n<+!b:Soǝ6P7Aܨ1iϕ*bye#crB\R܊PX 2oZذ1[մ#]O?3J g ]uwr_AL!խ\sH(b&T)1SjQK 䀦׮}A7 {h \sM(ΐ]B4?R]inn06o&vM$zsP꘶}H`0 Zjp1bQ]X`+@_98v -=;\txIjcѦ;1P%ʙI\c%@RuFɦXHD'm СّIOfc^mOswtFhWC&Xg yBo265?Pf)*JjY q7ߢkK%7E;% XcA=(Bږ Bf[O_!1: ;^=FD{y-'=m 9ꍢ靾_;FָnJN$"Wf?Da=h6k#i%qM%EVd͠ek°ˌ2nyd] A%A0MX1e,,IgeN׼U{CsZJu(! +W gfՕ>1\|fZ|X`K31HV)V,M<<9JQz}nGGZݲѻ8vaTw>q`ܺ4fW@0rg=WsݹÃ5bЃaWV4'O{׺;cIT(1Z2ۧ -®x#^9s搲0,ޥH{f{_~y4+2a?J" "0NdLmO4 ?&/UCD@D`1T*\D@D@ƒV;GpөH>%@cZiPT$ GE`J." " "И@E?*Srd4F D@D@D@*Q4& 1Be " " "P쏊\D@D@D1*dT" " "  hPT$ "0%hL@Gc@D@D@D")@c?#T" " "  LE@D@D@2H@GE`J." " "И[-c^IENDB`Dd xhb  c $A? ?3"`?2Nx;t=zGvZ;*E`!"x;t=zGvZ;x@ |xڝSOkQۍ&i`7FbmA%iHb/f)IJAL[<Փ x!_OQ蹔 y/R^77oͼYBFA dc.% b0zt"&Ҙ4fiNBdBュwD %ho<_I1Zo]Eol79輮bOJ&y<M# {a"g\D$ߪYF1<01i\uUWԡE5~Jom(F\[>e-7v-;A Қon7xԃDZ/W-]KkΰfWBxٕ1lN0nxL( Wp46+^sBFSgAU:I,rY]$/9nLBRcU_.-Ԯ?W.w z;74Rvw{ASJAtK]3>Dd b  c $A? ?3"`?2h!!E`!h!!*@`!zx]QJ@ٴj A hE޴ `1jBӔ B1|^}CdoqvM-8d|P `B 1FȢ(hWc_+'TZPa "L. JMI3qV @+ |o9{v^x= ռa MhLFCailzdύuUnmV-BZWhC} Xujid$D ٴk~=܊b5X֋|5 K3e "?laDyK ;http://www.stat.lsu.edu/faculty/moser/spatial/spatial.htmlyK vhttp://www.stat.lsu.edu/faculty/moser/spatial/spatial.html>Dd T b  c $A? ?3"`?2 FN76_HdE`!\ FN76_H۠ *xڭUkAov&i %)@A MJhSF-M"IAB !"q-/Y_[eL~OY"~" j&]]KFsTf8CxO_iE-\n U]~O+`eE9,8@̉a8U1' X&ֲ@>*>*ĭ@puh"ȫveN`XMV<$zyks({:(ieĚ`vdbuʑg5-D-!BY (QJi cIؒz N]OZoc?FXEi&5v&P6~lD0:6轮f#Ӄzk(w;OM #Xrj:;#$|L>`=+G#q9M WvN+&rxSia{}8LF3M4D\N$Ȩd @Q;M4`!@] \ CXǽFcPͷ;GzE%Svsi$ud,ȨrK!F q)hyAmo̵BmS{BUnhսzͦTIg݈򙪒ڕt_}Dd @0  # A2 r5Us1.=E`!r5Us1.=  xڕRMK#A}ՓfbÂhVPL@]A/a"I 1dIr%^ {Ż܄Vw& ~l^W׼zӄ B0 p } b11΋ d8cC`톳.dQpەRl|Bb4ASRN(U^+uR_uwQx]MZt ژ vz;)cQI?՘+5H(:YŢ[jгe T}Tqga/Jnج6V08l쵐?/IsoͪהH m7]LUk_5m7Ӿe<-l8 ='3Ζ?P,-f;/lj O3.ke]TxeOFN50v{dbr'E a[PS֐Dd b  c $A? ?3"`?2eW3d7?OL!|E`!eW3d7?OL!*@H~x]QJ@ݴj A z(hEiRlu)M B1|= >!78vd~%P $Q)!1"4"jY^NI,HFP_&8+ M{5ؗURh#E8$g4q_%` Ysڈ'Gb~ܬUyѪ:-qPY,~.YHx^X45+LpSV˓]yzY+4oQ dAF]ۄ@=Q1QWô[!֕bqMa,Wd aDd b  c $A? ?3"`?2eW3d7?OL!E`!eW3d7?OL!*@H~x]QJ@ݴj A z(hEiRlu)M B1|= >!78vd~%P $Q)!1"4"jY^NI,HFP_&8+ M{5ؗURh#E8$g4q_dőq|N4KT =3!4p3~٫%FrRvq~/<>yXW@]KZ /?NڿbQ(" (yBXd:/wcTZwkAre#D݉PYޯx+U9^Um"Yb} v;`eil8V}baArZFRmYgSM֬vl>ˈ # ru૩ȺpWnTDSfUJƷaʾe@Dd b  c $A? ?3"`?2N nz<*QE`!N nz<*Q*Yx]QKK@ݴjڃ Z=lE޴ R)6chiJS9k =#]܃P$  ڸk}=܊b5X֓|5 s%HJ|S+qDd ,b  c $A? ?3"`?2da=1H(FfE`!da=1H(F*@x]QKK@ݴjڃ Z="xo{1D 4DQ?ƒ'ݓg 5y|K  pIRBDhmė<}#5RD1#<EA}Bm,Kۣ338(G FnSLs3.݇6Cq؆hF> ޯ;Hll.W{ 1S'Bς#>t!B!eb4aVZԬS=K5>WdYT)r_*VES@XMKcS<=EA!f ڷ][|@£zua0r!78vd~%P $Q)!1"4"jY^NI,HFP_&8+ M{5ؗURh#E8$g4q_>0{ FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q* DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_ECompObjiObjInfoEquation Native F_1164372430F_A  c 0 , c 1 , and ae"0 FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q DDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesOle CompObjiObjInfoEquation Native Times New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  g(h)==0,|h|==0c 0 ++c 1 1"-e "-3(|h|/a) 2 [],|h|>>0{_1164372503FOle (CompObj)iObjInfo+ FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q DDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  g(h)==Equation Native ,_1164384250FOle 3CompObj4i0,|h|==0c 0 ++b|h| l ,|h|>>0{ FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q/ DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesObjInfo6Equation Native 7K_1164372610FOle =Times New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  0d"l<<2, c 0 , and be"0 FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qCompObj>iObjInfo@Equation Native A_1164380994F <DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  l==1 FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qOle ECompObjFiObjInfoHEquation Native I  $DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  c 0 ==0.5 FMathType 5.0 Equation MathTy_1164381031FOle NCompObjOiObjInfoQpe EFEquation.DSMT49q $DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  c 1 ==1Equation Native R_1164381049FOle WCompObjXi FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q $DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  a==8ObjInfoZEquation Native [_1164381064FOle _CompObj`iObjInfobEquation Native c_1164373039F FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  l==0.5Ole gCompObjhiObjInfojEquation Native k FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q <DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  c 0 ++c 1_1164372744F)Ole pCompObjqiObjInfos FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q \DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  |h|==aEquation Native t_1164373324F))Ole xCompObjyi FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q LDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra!/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  |h|!"ObjInfo{Equation Native |1TableSummaryInformation(?ա11>fwӎ\$Vi_ME0\\ժGFtAαhƧet%{,qR4*qRhY}n4NEU \eA&w=3Z=D]T:mvwl7%vݹi#t{`cdiN8-Y`v=='m A3"Q]wASxZ"ۚvDd @0 " # A!2"Ⲛ[)Õi`8cE`!Ⲛ[)Õi`8  xڕRkAެ6Xv! @c(KXhqmQԠJ)z{9[.B͛qUHC}y}BF GMt:UhփؚDJK0zHGS`d1bԕB>{%)Ήqo" 8x72:n[ؐ5N4׵%V![Ԧ}Spqy3smyO{lG (1 Tra̭5UdJ-F%Iڸƨȅwg7S3Ɏi(,%\oVZRU݇qi%t{oy}iR7þXfOkV7ێUz"˺u#C/I7OJ Svl_-=E^ b \ NIɫvyL6p'tA.&4~-a I#gDcl?ϡֈȿA*Ed#BEea{LtOR6X=!AX#lHx 䕦zC u'/B4Br0 I- c*kꭳx aXcč {3)[o#T`⓭h> }3msǚ9KkqM߽߮ڿl~U0{V邽x͒ME[V?ngR/]H9 ͗A9%'<-Z75j7g,3BY?êy> 9qgԐzJFPr9ؐ5ip3B32 :y%Xm ZE\"WtM1:P}R`1#`x+\ f\"T+F,أ)P <>tTб9b*{+!gSMpg'~gӞ { ٚo3Ij5zSMK@o$Dd Thb 4 c $A,? ?3"`?$2nWbQVWrJf {`!BWbQVWr @|xڝSKkQΝ6L]Eǀ.BlQי&DIq9ɠ<$,VKA:+.3\ 7"#J37})H ("1͂hVڢR(Lmt\L60؎8~ >1bԕB>{%)Ήqo" 8x72:n[ؐ5N4׵%V![Ԧ}Spqy3smyO{lG (1 Tra̭5UdJ-F%Iڸƨȅwg7S3Ɏi(,%\oVZRU݇qi%t{oy}iR7þXfOkV7ێUz"˺u#C/I7OJ Svl_-=E^ b \ NIɫGPQBY"&h*4hF r厈r \|(k$yvu,j&@&3<ז̝2x"pU/})%"ꧏVIl_$Dd Thb 5 c $A,? ?3"`?&2nWbQVWrJ{`!BWbQVWr @|xڝSKkQΝ6L]Eǀ.BlQי&DIq9ɠ<$,VKA:+.3\ 7"#J37})H ("1͂hVڢR(Lmt\L60؎8~ >1bԕB>{%)Ήqo" 8x72:n[ؐ5N4׵%V![Ԧ}Spqy3smyO{lG (1 Tra̭5UdJ-F%Iڸƨȅwg7S3Ɏi(,%\oVZRU݇qi%t{oy}iR7þXfOkV7ێUz"˺u#C/I7OJ Svl_-=E^ b \ NIɫ&Λ߼YV*l7uhK(*)]sMTܢh$]i@'TؙFL+4Q(rXb!9=gi|3"|vuGLhX*n]w<~m,.S@ p&cK VMl~h`p@_0AuxQeGi9)VDP`Z oq/M,#yU_ۻ5<FU#sv5SX!5 _yA5LeӰ8D]>82˩NA<^Ǡ 'o{ŀl'd}=hzR#r~ְbML yHgxڷjn4X7|TDd hb 6 c $A-? ?3"`?(2˛M¹cKz{`!r˛M¹cKF`@G|@xڝSkAMڦIb5b%R &cIȇ$V)⩈/ҳC!g 7J}o~7@!0 "F6M]٬ER3ZTd:dˤC67jbt &f[DWZZ`CmK['`Z7C=j֍^Ym&G!-^pFLzޠ;plo?dXxiCGf4*Z ;p{ed9|dʥOꑗuq^zYC7Rﵬ|Z9߽2O|(L"v ܎OY]i2]jCRFZN7+fxbeHqc ygْ+-2pף~&`AQ}vŀ+kݴ"` -~Z*.[}[2})f-?q1HgOM BݮB}E1N 8mEmj^0W4$kHV*Ifx9rwĔ:_4G.WBToo_GDd b  c $A? ?3"`?)2#Nw h&hpc#L{`!Nw h&hpc#`:HxuRj@f%HC n 9;!^ Ql&GEiEbb;v願;}A)ή68΢|;;|3vC@rQHL&i5%,/%tm>0LechQV e{VbK>!#qLWbojH9h+yjzlӄt? O݄ɓI&1wu#/qGW5xv_Kdr'1ST/.Dd hb ' c $A ? ?3"`?*2=ڿ($8 IһU%"{`!ڿ($8 IһU@8|xڝSMka~ݬ4Q4P0 bl^"q$ [?x7xHrV =[i8 toN;;cG/+A˻YgNk%A,<_L n ZGۖum;XZf37YZ}n³ ozN%7T ۏfۖ'?SAO ׈|OUv&Js[&DD,Q!93z  a*ׄcwDd b ) c $A"? ?3"`?,2."v 2V<'{`!."v 2V<`:HxڕRJA}ՓL\h "A/`"qA,\@/x#Lb"P?4Ct9{e$ NoTEػ8s&Q|l1Mq8RVɝ߈Y9Z ]Xhe?h#V0eDI OZR2Kմ{ixٗk攥mKY+`cd[\6@gdzEϕq$$xz&X G^<~x`yw-$m臾Uu)LL{$ єFDd hb  c $A? ?3"`?.24pdwS s $-{`!pdwS s $$@@2|xڕRKQMmE`M,5Y%L㺍Kȏ6IIs( SSG?R<yowA"|f7; @ r%x L& mГ(6/⼤ ϘxLe3{L7e%Qzow>pX$K+ NXzw~zZ+rΎ~́Q~B/#NUV&U~t)R4_9~rWaUHGb/ X)U@ hl{z>TbÔM*Qhewhx.}`x#+eϺ C_D3_e1hvk6_s:=G aosk ~]i0& ~SgJY3;ze=AיeCYrog5?iS?kx`Ð=W"\g/tR+C o Ð;9.Y.A\Yws=\x>ާϑ)Ek9k__ P90 $!n՚ay>▄uV[sf1|$a8D|aX =_G>𱄏jh'N&ܑɄO!BLt]I+n>pOE7ᾄ@<©L8C #k XgK]?A~^;Wzi;@1-8?uZߤcO?%Jya7/eWFr-&;=׺N#&K^(?L1?SUB_1Dl]Fx{]CGvwvavאv Hv HGvǒkz|ӛr03#UlۮdVU;eg3Uտ,w?3[jg3V̒*w?[gl?Zsk}5F8}C'4^3hVz-m9_SB_#§qSϾ|b;dr=kքa6.c'c#ܱWsքk:K54c0o3N3؁dlρ8#l=vfl26-ݟ͎"s=6svkƮ:cG52LginП;ӇG q0cÌm\NOu6Yjm_k3tG93\of?y;A=c36elKKݱD;\JֱÌ5cGy؋uƎSծ}`݅;[^B +lOX/a{s<:7lP@ǣ#lX=br:a{҄@^B=cÅH؞B a{.2a{2%_rWS%lOhW [6F޲rQ:Ikvf9l\a__}gy'lE+ \(lOdEM!Q=i(_ BOZ2D(Lx›'m]Q#螴;u؟vY*4kHݳHgݱZ0ʟg<—"[ޗzm>6tb[9W_ 1y/:wMגq|A/fl2vX2t;6zXr_Đ0ccؽ[ꐱY݌˼z3c;^OŲxysHa6.cQm5Id? |vS`Г֔13y]5p@Ly: y bT Οkg%b@ r0#Q7Z:}/)Wz1@ E1C ~bI=|S#?C_"YG 돈5-Lyu C1~|^3Nw2 2 41Ȧ _Yb"D=nx<v-bES*3r@0G`9N Y9sO7Ly'y໻1dx⥐9z/g{8 }!Я + ytī^+˩Gx ◘I_fʓ8Jȕgqbȕqb;Sws81 +JħB}~ qWݸ:NLgɕ9{M/8c#]Ocx8hkeh؏Oy,bh2|hu> 7 wų؟m5 \?G'ϑs$?9ms$ߋ9k{͂Zv~-p`a_ ^Gކ\3" kmZྙ\9mkŃ}[$߈\>ؿo+(1 \C v5bpA .l:}] Þ)w{2f>/p7aF"}VT:bpEaW{a55 qE|A *` ];_pe D,!(l? \}'I{#׹Os ƺو \c {G:1<1а vbh{g ~w͠/RC_7G w}#?} j 8a`ba`؟sh0O ^bد%l͇}k \~ؿ60d :a >Ia 밯-W[ampmQK  C\@܉Y{VsM{|?R>88`} ù f܈q폛-!|rpn~9pcb!s=Gxs%ρs7bp{b~:X`?ݣO0JFWW*y;bF& T{F>;pb\}v+ہ `-}v=v-VW.ہ{`v/~Y~W lݫ_Ma"\)l8U] Wt0s/msaݶRؾ6Զ.G[OvF۽> $.vݽH{i2eivQ7ՏAz.W _߳ޣecŏ~xX[yt~ sЏc^z/ <Q@~xeQhۅ7?V9Fhp {kC9_vWhB H }DĀoVc{@M~Ms?̴_u?/r}nmhʹZ9FCqvs";,rDY߶={a6.Wv= MٖM.UM]ZeNhM놑yi&M͛~媡Tn{g:Ҽ`R2~pUB, @d7Sg4oL0qW"/eR-4ܦ ͅӔFjTw *0a- fˆ4454ͬbTSO e쥧ФScx՝bNCJRhi Gq5bh436m[7wnh#M}}}Aui1¿ &K,Ydɒ%K,YdɒRg'Li4VTRs©72fӠ,S;NqH&-Xho6/Nkj45%ݹThnC [/?;ͿH4V_|)"S}7ZM$|!͛K7tQ=S;E4]l4fCzY|itwX)YG~Kנ1f֐lU[i־UsK+vcTYKƥy?finitf4+E|cڔK+[l{֊-hk>ݫD5k^8KPDHi zZ4ID㔂Dni,=xsJlXhXz!h"& 3eEq}A6NcLNGYc7J3, nXukb$>[`ll*4 /(Mi}zb?CqTJƑZf؉!*h:;ژ/OM fiW<ۺӸi`'XlF]~d~unFQ l4ΟK#{Ո4 B̒MD.ϚD~*MJ9w?N~A[Hgmi' AZ;Heݘ4WͲLʧ)wf맀`=6O@+`y]bEșf)?pZc|^H+x8̞f,<*ijeOf,2@20u쇂΢_T$ᦤQbsbqFҧ+uMr4/-чф(Йq~@#42M"4i;3M4&d#M,Ydɒk 8`zl)]˦X׭(fb]1npi\*IE((Fk1ъ]bBD킋a}\ӂEFd-4RL34HM͛N-hh7 4 ܶX8M oDCA2QL#4`ۂ]R"n4)TJ.٫fӔHI޶PPD7(7 7QQ[!eq拳dɒ%K,Ydɒ%K,Y`'L̞ >P$gc,44)Tҡdz*qCZVxCYdɒ%K,Yh"4IENDB`$$If!vh5#v:V i  06,5/ 34i` ap TODdt % S \A0varg1bvarg1b.gif (8916 bytes)$b{FS,(0-PoWegEnOFS,(0-PoPNG  IHDR2^|v PLTE'1tRNS@fbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712OmIDATxOؖte("R7n"ބ Z*H !|A6izMÿ0G!n9\ɖt*q-ReY?.˸˸ohh+=-NWm%o;V6|(نѨtr砱aQ.i_M#OWwb?]0R[iSG1Z؆Җs:)] p|KTw mv_ ,Qۍc$dB w x?@2{.} :Agw2 LƷxՊVi&`,H6}E60AЬ4>i j4ȀKʩ)6x)5EX r4+Fkz"J4I{?! =ziЩm{~|Aᕬpd0qqqqqqqqq:<7Ai BF@AbPq{VY@@A4X<93}hJ6݇Y4g깻tÓ5{so8t{m9]2Mx l=1GDs8 4ڂi&x4<Mޑ4iB;M幤gQ5HE ٹhgL4B#"4k{Ti9h@x[4 \t7"SZIT{աTm8c/s+2EtzD/?@=YYʩ4Hl*k>EwE@ôjCh6CT+ Aܩg4zP|Ahwܪ[R@S ZL^)nu98H8*Dȼ-xW]B,(djF;*e8^qz,UG#ݕЄxT79MG–Te[S>HUfR4BUX lVmsȦ,)v-%l E!ϫT(gC y?ab:dY$"$4({UE?g&.gWrUh{䏀i(Ordҫ`C fDhUiEV/`I(]* {"sQII3m54, x"֋9di" +SFj[c:MepQ =/; 68=g21ߜB6 Tl[~BGFDŽӡn"Rb9awp)џ.ۖt!I?tچ{x$-a l5_]?8&WYq}4|DdVV!qJ"=y.O7CHE%\ơMQO_+MؒbKB"6 J4"i e2_ LMkw3V^4TXMI53^ahNhu3㥖|_DTmNACǛDX\ Iibh^M槠:wͭ0 y5HF,F&]\$DyCD[pIsZIn05 'D+ixBfƊ!ÿ& O袹": CH` "QO;ą-;I1#hl6nCEQZ,iC&qEq= 4EV&y M|. Ɖ2js'h9ʲ1[YJt/ƃ8z? * NvDhZwk@04T DpмG|炜(Ϩpf̐Э!*:3(lҤ}9")1l9ŒyD E!&/Gqf \\@fr7e*M'd2CfBFsP(|,3[7ѿ3 5s[^M# QQӟf 4၅ U\2<ʘ\8o95vw3\?ͬ /;1 v4Y;iWMRDyӹɻ̤4<͢f[D4`&ѲI9u D~VLQh>JOr3Ţy.RLb 4ߙOf.bZB5\Tc'#N擤qxҸxh<z.}inhē4̭E?edߧ)> 4?|1uJ=J,iv#a[A++ҼbMLJ͏2#iEv7#Yj>|4?vSX||Fn{ьʟQ@n7ϒ;qkh45>%+\мР`n~]eSdm{yշaMU66ٮq`e݉92hHS?h^?Ti͞5^}|47*M ^*4oj+*4~ηL(4ckO5-MuͷD=C hOI_4:_47|Ӂyr16С4(.4WhXQ01莬~vgw8v7* ݬ4RQsK44wDb|m iҼV5ÁtPi^k4oL}D4g(hozSy ͫnn?itŧ7hި4?{_{x3Zc,hfiTOi~Th^z*ӌogh?*4WZ]=I*UUSdCŨzN[І?44(JI_@NyCLB=@|Y]BÁF|~iA4,h4S_c+vifj4+ xU6Ph( XvWo%Gh`| w4 ڍfYZהKCi*͍#$zwZ'_d~68dJ4[\@_-?l_TKM@,Վs2e4:U|W M!qUqQzE,o:1P {MF1"$ͬAAoM#,j%MpRA݌h~g11-|0&#c4{XiO11|{aOZؑjc+f 4J}*`S)4c:Р`nkrDg74^hGm-eQBt 42ķT;Ь/\Na7Pt@#1'%/ q/KkK#ۇRZU]XŠ-BkuqiFղ}ˤ4 Ct4RyKN6 Ҕ:\_L V~R=xt ͲQGJ#EzzN(4GN@PBc*@74}oP]އW)\?c4P!siF g6FC_e\1v0 )-pZ߹{L;9nA0،R,`8 mP@՘kfd7}dvR) > AR ny~mUh7/@0F򜕳b`մZcAhVw垂n [jXLF FBB4w|*ɓ]QAF445/hæ=[h=jA3z!vvb464ƋЬr^MbӴL`:8qqqqqq< L+IENDB`$$If!vh5#v:V i  06,5/ 34i` ap TDd & S \A0varg1dvarg1d.gif (5198 bytes)%b fXpEn fXpPNG  IHDR2^|v PLTE tRNS@fbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712OmIDATxK:I+@yorw5F7Gru QThdL.`,o#@eUI? 4i.=XuU~}  GaCRcCcdN A+F~i| /eH=e-8 nYIЃ@#&!IفT0C`&E(B92bR~¼m@ӉcJe@JkH >%-E`4Ř8w G QhY؅h4',==\iƐiãt1c8ӘL&d2L&d2m,L;)o'h$zAS74{bĞhf1uAC|G~ Ğbqg)1111-.h41Ûi{i܋Ҽym^߼ͻ{k9h.^ Ϳgͻi-x*n1}9myn4*͗G{ۦ>]2e`opW4h~*Mk>7WMz8ެHiq1}i1^Oݢy.w(nB)a݂m[4+l<6R[*yeorWcRj;hB{ʨڹνk4rRdRvƗ}!TJ1ӔLPqʻ@#F3Bmu X M9,QS)N#x4|Z,40N`j .Iq@h⚵:EHQbL ~XL-BZl u\lKcr\i$x"d2L&d2L&'iVqóܢk\R|O!!Fq4:>!M;Аs0 5Κ^~8lMstP5ygߞfhNФimmB}Kqh^^,4`=z31I4Y]4d2Ly*{¦ɜIENDB`Dd5> ' S \A0varg1hvarg1h.gif (4390 bytes)&b0 4Z 0En 4ZPNG  IHDR2^m<PLTEU tRNS@fbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712Om dIDATx (ǩ}s>AuV(2LwE_*TPD"H$>MZ .lmv||Y&x@_rG2ob^X2 !2 VDAeгO[㴠Q2gITwM2c  gM&un1 ʴ)Lcddh~i=!C-J@m uvW[jz==pJBF!sputKDs1/ښbdB9Ybdh0ë>bT+LjPk]tͦNOM^LxRsQD3<[S|ܛ*?/5Y&ò܃y4Lټ@yH7.둱 [Ui2t /G88M Ȑz47ZApf3Ѿ/L&? XZn,^Qۄކzw/[bȊԚ`lk(+I(+E9y:nl3f<[Y2Lo-s3Si2s wIrc@3z;&ߏ"}^2!̖o{ 2}Xz9֦ ]LY0zv.d`:dbz*A 2ш5} m]266+^?h/k89k t2Șy6m BK|4nMP~S2N̰U,ضU\C&gn5A:elƚ~uG0=oP5ɜd],t'2 =Mmu0k2Ti,D&EN#d' 0>pQ=阀IQ>KTbBdiҷJY7JbdMig>`cPr gfA>Hn֚9;m+Dƽxy $Z}g&Aϴ(^"sj$ 7#Ȩ .{2^EȘx!omG*`d d8M&2D 9)'%S.j_YO>y #^MF"sA0I2EB\$2EFԮd3+yskIǦw4t2I2,]ߴ+ȔLc~MJy\qdN&sm{N821v2i2{}3쵙dZd4ȼxk2/ ݃|MU듪(RRU =t/(9PJ7o%cG&5|t S߱Dg KǣR) הJ9SY{>pNO;BW$D"H$D"H$D"H$D"HS8h…{28ꣶd=>!4WiDQ!Fv/9 ?ю oWYŒ-y2n#dDmM 2 Ր7g#vX傌Xǁv跉Lɀ5},z`=䁿=|Vm36tW\ kM H$D"H$D"H$D"H$D5 VX\e1#PPM?Rt]_t: f34fT}?EPqd{5=|а3h3@ [ƛ'f{ f̓.Gy pjKݚϠIgdT>;@?kgBl,[?Da솦/Q`$ !)tO3vΫvc8D2ֳg"Pn"H$D"H$}QШIENDB`Ddv ( S \A0varg1ivarg1i.gif (4933 bytes)'bcL11#@4EncL11#@PNG  IHDR2^m<PLTETtRNS@fbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712OmIDATx[6QRުR=50TVZ@]ONGwKEA"H$>bsm(`y9x=[ F3WfN&w1DJ!*bA&Rnof Ýd ~dRL864繝CW@8d2aa?(|LTb %jx7 ;E]H bVPTbȌ;J2X& L֠06UzEOq bJ`ɘ*EL`i!X,+kf8!P(抌f0Wcä60!WDYIRblz17q0AcHɘZ!?qDF{$Õ Izݴu5ck2 yf@ze3*YW퐌eY,0ޤ3w2U>-fXo33f43S2.o2F6] bL&MBF;Zޤ)ޤ'^HŠY3d"v}z4ѐMb$ Ww4lOxXDgZftw*aݯ3hhN V֎=clT߃^έ"E]:[o"/$_O03}J"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$Gidj>ND"Cd2%."cL0 2@B$2DȬ$FEMd3"2.,j{"0c"2DPڐ'":K A6Uul`4\zSWNH,LF.}3*@m^n5˛ kƙJFtCuMNE)F?!MjVV:_rhB ɲ܁iZM&lfPzoWnUtfM,on2eyA2Rk.p"¢=JJ rˑм i6=귃b(6|󪕓X:JRɫPgC|UC;ϳqdmSVOU`w2CCĥcOۄ܅q+j"̃EȰt6OOۑ&pd`?Љ/qˀL%ZP黟/]!ScSϳt[Dk)ȅL,н}lU" Jaobg?oُ'Bl̈́!\Ƞow=pwΩ5?wgĬ gƙGEnu&Z?opi6 wxx q9mi-]Hf<4+ȜӟR U7Nt 8L}`el282UF09dbWCӌ%6SWi&3n:Ldc8!Sl.G݅Pu.0|ț:uӶ ̙3&Σk=d,{]dqdrs^g &6RZkk2YLy^d.&2m/2]t;أvwP& Qg%DOU^7GmK,ss"cF؛~,kzo[]LɴkjW2ms]0;鸴孽f/̒kmX }Ȉ6 _ '$1}D2mFM"hWtmLF|nۙQ)dBH>L^/\%ӵya4;a0_KCdz0˫_Az^&dčIc.o"B\V|7?%#.J~vm"ݾ#d/9X Qm+kސϪI,Z}\?.o f6oC\: 3֮,+e3co}ySkDC杮א9K(L/A-"Cd !2g៧D2~hJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJKJK D"H$D"HeMK"6׆ƎK!>(,ǸD#I_(eyʚpzGns1I"6Sq< ZVht2å; DOF&)IbdgC)X,pdXFc"?MSJ&Zͤjh&cK]{~dFRG ȤԷ/ ,KRۧ^NY{>pJO;ԗD"H$D"H$D"H$D"H$P0o%`:p 9g8paL3GChGMjgx#%MF ~d?Qd>YڜJ ,@`#iHdX13ƛ>O #07dt?|,׭6 l>W\@yƇD"H$D"H$D"H$D"HMycwREd|#9 K.oLh_\YUiQ(KsՎx\uKېK. 2wi ʻ g2h:D5\hh4|Rs aq=^2֩2\K\ s>K[^oڌA4? #0ۃLXLOx ΰ2lS,.х;> hjO4D"H$D"HO#aIENDB`$$If!vh56#v6:V i  06,5/ 34i` ap TDd \  3 *bullet-blue"@@Dd F  3 "@@Dd F  3 "@@Dd \  3 *bullet-blue"@@Dd F  3 "@@Dd F  3 "@@Dd \  3 *bullet-blue"@@Dd F  3 "@@Dd F   3 "@@Oh+'0 $ @ L X dpxSpatial Correlationpatylliul llilli Normal.dotr gunaratntr13aMicrosoft Word 10.0@ @@З @p L՜.+,D՜.+,DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjjP  hp  Purdue Universityqn.Y{ Spatial Correlation Title(RZ _PID_HLINKS MTWinEqnsA  Lhttp://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/ r<;http://www.stat.lsu.edu/faculty/moser/spatial/spatial.html   FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89qD@D NormalCJ_HaJmH nHsH tHL@L /L Heading 1$7$8$@&H$a$ 9CJ,aJ,V@V /L Heading 27$8$@&H$^` 9CJ aJ V@V " Heading 3I7$8$@&H$^I` 9CJaJZ@BZ Heading 4dd@&[$\$5CJOJQJ\^JaJDA@D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k@(No Liste@ V7HTML Preformatted7 2( Px 4 #\'*.25@9CJOJQJ^JaJ6U@6 --Y Hyperlink >*B*phFV@F --YFollowedHyperlink >*B*ph`d `^@"` Normal (Web)dd[$\$B*CJOJQJ^JaJph.X@1. Emphasis6]4 @B4 *Footer  !.)@Q. * Page NumberNg@aN EGHTML TypewriterCJOJPJQJ^JaJXOrX whs8$dd[$\$a$5B*CJOJQJ\aJphTOT whs10$dd[$\$a$B*CJOJQJaJph*W@* kbEStrong5\:O: : mathfont1OJQJ^Jo(ZOZ 5Default 7$8$H$%B*CJ_HaJmH nHphsH tH8B@8 5 Body Text B*ph:O: 5assften1CJOJQJaJo('ZBCNOBCOP@$ % $ % ' / 9 _{}~ #.?K6<`p-56CQhs9[dkq{Z0:AG\y&>UVexKe} 2[!IQ`m8Rj L !@!h!p!q!!! "K""" # #L#M#p#r###.$v$$%N%%%&&n&&&F'''( (f(g(((( ) ))N)O)a))))*** */*`*a*****+++ ,,R,n,-//[1}111-2.2J2K2p2q22222226373S3T3x3y333334454,8-8/8\8{8X9Y999X:Y:h::::;O;;;<=<x<<<)=d===>P>>>?=?x???,@g@l@m@+A,A-AAAA5B6BNBBBBBC0C8C@CCCC]D^DDDDDDD#EP>>>?=?x???,@g@l@m@,A-AAA5BNBBBBBC0C8C@CCCCDDDDDD#E{00@0{00t{00{00>{00@0{00@0{00{00>{00>{00>{00{01t{01>{00@0@0@0^~00^~00^~00\>00T\>00\>00{00 {00 {00\>0%0TX\>0%0\>0%0 {00 {00 {00{00{00{00{00@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0{00{0"0{0"0{00{00 {00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{0004{00{00 {00@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0{0L04d{0L0{0L0{00{00@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0@0{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00{00 {00^>00TP@^~00@0@0^~000R 1 g9 m5_ F#l%9()0 44;5566|9:;<I=\@IOY_a b'b25789:;<=?@ABCEFHJLNOQTUVWXYZ\]_`adhknoq 9 U#& +03J:;C-IJLPOSV{[P^sa'b36>DGIKMPRS[^bcefgijlmp&b4.0\tv46Kcer     i %=?PR,j,l,t,,,,,,,,,#-;-=-D-\-^-------.+.-.^.v.x........2F2H2R2j2l222222273O3Q3[3s3u33333334/414s4444444444445(5*505H5J5555999-AAA@CCCHII%QQQULVNV'Z::::::::::::::::::::X::::::::::::::::::::::::::::XCCCCC !!8@0(  B S  ? _Hlt96070853 _Hlt90626648 autocorr4 idxvrm0027plot2 idxvrm0033 idxvrm0034plot6_PictureBullets{p#T.@CIIUZ(Z@@|q#T.@CIIU Z(Z T2tU2l7wV2,W2X2L;wY2t2wZ22w[22w\2t3w]243w^2|_26w55=CXCXXX(Z   <AAIXIXXX(Z 8*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCity9 *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace= *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName= *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType   +/5< ./1245################################$$$ $$$$$$$$$ $!$$$%$($)$,$-$<$=$@$A$D$E$H$I$P$Q$X$Y$\$]$`$a$d$e$h$i$l$m$p$q$t$u$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%%%%%%%%(%)%,%-%8%9%<%=%@%A%D%E%H%I%L%M%`%a%d%e%l%m%p%q%|%}%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&&& &&&&&&& &!&$&%&4&5&8&9&<&=&H&I&L&M&X&Y&\&]&d&e&h&i&|&}&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ' ''''''''' '!'$'%'(')'4'5'8'9'<'='@'A'D'E'T'U'X'Y'\']'`'a'd'e'h'i'l'm'p'q'x'y'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''((((((((((((/"/N4\488B9K9::BBBBBBBBCCfDoDDDDDDDDDDD6E:EMEQEWE[EcEgEoEtEEE-F3F9F=FEFIFJFNFZF`FFFFFFFFFFFFFIIJJJJKK KK)K+K1K3KAKDKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLMMMM MMM M(MkMtMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMN#NANENSNVNjNpNqNwNNNNNNNNNNN[O`OxO|OOOOOOOOOOOPPPPRRRR$S(S+S1SSSWSZS`SSST T T&T'T+T,T1TYT^TtTuTTTTTUUKWRWWWWXXXXXYX[X\X]XrXXXXX[YeYsYxYYYYYZ Z Z%Z(Z  ' , $NPIKV]|~13HJ7<IK^`np~NPjssu GLW`pr " N P !"! ) ))))***++n,s,..y.z.L2R222U3[33344n4s4+5,555/888\:`:n:s:::::::;!;\;e;;;;;<<C<M<~<<<<<</=9=j=t=====>%>V>`>>>>>??C?M?~?????@2@<@9B=BTBYBBBBBBBCCC!C;C>CaDeDDDDDDDDDDD&E*E?EBEHELEcEhEEEEEEEEEEE(F,FEFIFFFFFJJJKK(KAKDKOKRKXK]KKKKKKKKKKKLL#L(L8L=LgLlLLLLLLM-M0MfMjMMMMMMMMMMM1N5NSNVN|NNNNNNNNNNOOVOZOsOwOOOOOPPCPHPaPfPPPPPQQQ!QRRRRSS$S(SSSWS~SSSSSSTTYT_TlTsTTTTTU U&U+U_UdUUUUUUUWW     WWXXQXXXXXXY0YsYYYYZ Z Z%Z(Z33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333CO' 9 {Qag((/*a*+,[1}12,2K2q222T3y3668+898{8Q%QUUWWXXY1YYYZ Z Z%Z(ZZ Z Z%Z(Zgunaratnr4U/~ Ho ]\lѲG :0RC36kO%7*=X3; H$x8<*ZA* LEXeYF(r0IsDs*YH0u)[~t`!khr,*^`OJQJo(hHA^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHA^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHA^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`o(.^`OJQJo(hHA L^`LhH.   ^ `hH. \ \ ^\ `hH. ,L,^,`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`OJQJo(hHo^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`CJOJQJo(hH^`CJOJQJo(hHpp^p`CJOJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(hh^h`o(. 88^8`hH. L^`LhH.   ^ `hH.   ^ `hH. xLx^x`LhH. HH^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`OJQJo(hHA^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hHhh^h`o(. 88^8`hH. L^`LhH.   ^ `hH.   ^ `hH. xLx^x`LhH. HH^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.hh^h`o(. 88^8`hH. L^`LhH.   ^ `hH.   ^ `hH. xLx^x`LhH. HH^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`o(. ^`hH. L^`LhH.   ^ `hH. \ \ ^\ `hH. ,L,^,`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.t^`t5o(hH.^`5o(hH() pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.^`CJOJQJo(hH^`CJOJQJo(hHpp^p`CJOJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hHo^`OJQJ^Jo(hHopp^p`OJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJo(hH^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`CJOJQJo(hH^`CJOJQJo(hHpp^p`CJOJQJo(hH@ @ ^@ `CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(^`CJOJQJo(PP^P`CJOJQJo(̭ͭlͭͭέhέ`kC36*Y:00IZAEO%7$x8<eYF]\lo /~=X3;u)[0̭ @CJOJQJ^Jo( $ͭH@CJOJQJo(nxͭ`H@CJOJQJo(nͭ @CJOJQJo(n έ @CJOJQJo(ntέ @CJOJQJ^Jo( Rs        Rs        Rs        YRs                @;        _ʴ        Cr!\       7                          b0?cq7.gX  CW }[QFdd"Jp*XBSl\_5BiC}[QF WSl\gXWgmniCU_KojMsz@ur%& B ]Q / jawED:V@4D9IV7%"'&8<&R&Q)*y1j6t6B~6f8x9 ;{;]<=8i=4>F>u>F@kbEEGrG#K%NO9LO'UQUTV--Y[\2_7 a5aPc!d ch26km1nr{n~px,r^ruv4vWv wCAw2{)|K9~"/z*8rem86$ JtKjC w}mb8-8rD-tZI}*/LDLrt:1@Q${}i5lTYlIfwKiT G8@wJBno}lw}0=J^A-AAA@CCCUPVQV(Z@==W=='Z`@Unknown Gz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial?5 z Courier New71 CourierC5  SAS Monospace;SimSun[SO7&  Verdana;Wingdings"1hd lB& ep L.p L.4dYY 2QH ?mSpatial CorrelationylliugunaratnT             Root Entry F@lH@eData sWordDocument"ObjectPool@%Ё     }%&      !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234`789:<;?=@ACBDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWVXYZ[\]^$abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~>56  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrtuvwxyzOh+'0 $ @ L X dpxSpatial Correlationpatylliul llilli Normal.dotr gunaratntr13aMicrosoft Word 10.0@ @@З @p L՜.+,D՜.+,P  hp  Purdue Universityqn.Y{ Spatial Correlation Title(T\ _PID_HLINKS MTWinEqnsA  Lhttp://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/ r<;http://www.stat.lsu.edu/faculty/moser/spatial/spatial.html   FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q