ࡱ> bda{  bjbjzz 8HsK,,8uAtrrccc@@@@@@@$BEAcccccA/ACCCcF@Cc@CCJ>?Ƴ5cf?"@EA0uA?"FFD??vF @ccCcccccAAcccuAccccFccccccccc, L: LOW SODIUM DIET WHY SHOULD I REDUCE SODIUM IN MY DIET? Reducing sodium intake lowers blood pressure in people with high blood pressure, help to prevent the collection of fluid in the lower legs or abdomen. People with chronic kidney disease must control sodium intake to prevent volume overload. Decreasing sodium can also assist people who have heart failure. WHERE IS SODIUM FOUND? The main source of sodium in the diet is the salt added to packaged and processed foods, and in foods from restaurants. Processed foods include prepared frozen meals, canned foods, pickled foods, snack foods, lunch meats, cheese, condiments, sauces, dressings, breads, cereals, and soda (including diet soda) just to name a few. Most clinicians agree that people with high blood pressure should consume less than 2300 milligrams (2.3 grams) of sodium per day. People with other conditions may be advised to consume even less (1500 to 1800 mg per day). HOW DO I CUT DOWN ON SODIUM? : Although it is difficult to abruptly cut back on the amount of sodium in the diet, most people find that they do not miss the sodium if they cut back gradually. Fresh herbs, spice blends without sodium, citrus and flavored vinegar make tasty alternatives to the salt shaker. Suggestions to decrease sodium include the following: 1.- Put away the salt shaker and reduce or eliminate salt in cooking. Experiment with spices, garlic, onions or lemon instead. 2.- Look for low sodium products such as spice blends, tomato products, and tuna. 3.- Make a list of healthy low sodium foods to substitute. Many groceries now supply this information for their stores. 4.- When dining out, request the food be prepared without salt, have dressings or sauces on the side, and avoid bacon bits, cheese, and croutons at the salad bar. 5.- Do not add salt to food while cooking or before eating. Teach family members to taste food before adding salt. 6.- Avoid eating at fast food restaurants. If this is not possible, choose restaurants that offer fruits or vegetables without sauces or dressings. Ask that no salt be used to prepare food, when possible. 7.- Do not use salt substitutes (especially those high in potassium) unless a healthcare provider approves. Herb and spice combinations that are salt-free are widely available and can be used to flavor foods. 8.- Water softeners remove calcium and add sodium to drinking water. Do not drink softened water. When purchasing bottled water, check the label to ensure that it does not contain sodium. 9.- Look at labels for over the counter medications. Avoid products that contain sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate is baking soda. 10.- Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally low in sodium. Foods to chooseFoods to avoidBreadsWhole grain breads, bagels, corn and flour tortillas, most muffins.Biscuits, prepared mixes (pancake, muffin, corn bread), instant hot cereals, many boxed cold cereals, self-rising flourCerealsMany cooked low salt hot cereals (not instant) such as oatmeal, cream of wheat, rice, or farina, puffed wheat, puffed rice, shredded wheatCrackers and snack foodsAll unsalted crackers and snack foods, unsalted peanut butter, unsalted nuts or seeds, unsalted popcornSalted crackers and snack items (chips, pretzels, popcorn), regular peanut butter, prepared dips/spreads, salted nuts or seedsPasta, rice, potatoesAny type of pasta (cooked in unsalted water), white or brown riceMacaroni and cheese mix; rice, noodle, or spaghetti mixes; canned spaghetti; frozen lasagna; instant potatoes; seasoned potato mixesDried peas and beansAny cooked dried beans or peas (without seasoning packet), or low salt canned beans and peasBeans or peas prepared with ham, bacon, salt pork, or bacon grease; all canned beansMeats and proteinsFresh or frozen beef, poultry, and fish; low sodium canned tuna and salmon; eggs or egg substitutesSalted, smoked, canned, spiced, and cured meat, poultry or fish; bacon; ham; sausage; lunch meats; hot dogs; breaded frozen meat, fish, or poultry; frozen dinners; pizzaFruits and vegetablesAny fresh, frozen, or canned fruit, any fresh or frozen vegetables without sauce, canned vegetables without salt, low-salt tomato sauce/pasteRegular canned vegetables and vegetable juices, regular tomato sauce and tomato paste, olives, pickles, relishes, sauerkraut, frozen vegetables in butter or sauces, crystallized and glazed fruit, maraschino cherries, fruit dried with sodium sulfiteDairy productsMilk, cream, sour cream, non-dairy creamer, yogurt, low-sodium cottage cheese, low sodium cheese, ricotta and mozzarella cheeseButtermilk, Dutch processed chocolate milk, processed cheese slices and spreads, cottage cheese, aged or natural cheeseFats and oilsPlant oils (olive, canola, corn, peanut), unsalted butter or margarinePrepared salad dressings, bacon, salt pork, fat back, salted butter or margarineSoupsSalt-free soups and low-sodium bouillon cubes, unsalted broth, homemade soup without added saltRegular canned or prepared soups, stews, broths, or bouillon; packaged and frozen soupsDessertsGelatin, sherbet, pudding, ice cream, salt-free baked goods, sugar, honey, jam, jelly, marmalade, syrupPackaged baked goodsBeveragesCoffee, tea, soft drinks, fruit flavored drinks, low salt tomato juice, any fruit juiceSoftened water; carbonated beverages with sodium or salt added; regular tomato juice (V-8); ask about alcoholic beveragesCondimentsFresh and dried herbs; lemon juice; low-salt mustard (not commercially available but can be made at home), vinegar, Tabasco sauce; low- or no-salt ketchup; seasoning blends that do not contain saltTable salt, lite salt, bouillon cubes, meat extract, taco seasoning, Worcestershire sauce, tartar sauce, ketchup, chili sauce, cooking sherry and wine, onion salt, mustard, garlic salt, soy sauce, tamari, meat flavoring or tenderizer, steak and barbecue sauce, seasoned salt, monosodium glutamate (MSG), Dutch processed cocoa     BRICK EDUARDO ALVA, MD, PA GASTROENTEROLOGY & LIVER DISEASES 11738 FM 1960 Rd W. 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