ࡱ> z|y'`  <bjbj"9"9 4d@S@S3|||||||,,,8P,l,|U2,,,,,,,,\U^U^U^U^U^U^U$WhwYpU|4,,44U||,,Ue8e8e84|,|,\Ue84\Ue8e8,R||T,, Ä ,4RTU0URYQ5lY0TY|Tp,(/e80<1;,,,UU6,,,U4444$d|||||| The Hitler Game Purpose of lesson Motivation: this lesson looks the individual response of Germans to Hitler. Simulation game. This game is based upon an idea developed by other teachers. All pupils Preparation Give out the information sheets on the aims of the political parties in Germany (H3i). For more able pupils you may also wish to give out the list of the Nazis Twenty-five points (H3ii). Ask the pupils to suggest which elements were designed to appeal to Workers/Patriots and Nationalists/Racists/Small traders etc. and why Hitler had so many ideas in his manifesto. It may be profitable to revisit the events of Hitler's Rise to Power through to the year 1928. The Game Multicopy the sheet Political Choices in 1928 (H3iii), cut it up into the different character cards for the different people, and give out one character card to each pupil (especially with the least able pupils, you may prefer them to work in twos). If you want to apply differentiation by task, the easiest people to decide are the Factory Worker, the Ex-soldier and the Army Officer. Ask the pupils to think about who they are, and how they would vote. Stress to the pupils that these are imaginary people. The question at this stage is Would you vote Nazi? and requires simply a yes or no answer. Ask the pupils to explain their choices. Take in the 1928 character cards. Explain that the year is now 1932. You may wish to revisit the event of Hitler's Rise to Power in the years 1929-32. Give out the character cards for 1932 (H3iv), as before. Ask the pupils to think about who they are, and how they would vote. At this stage, require the pupils to choose a party. Ask them again to explain their choices. Take a vote; who is elected? Don't worry about pupils who get it wrong. Im sure Germany was full of people who voted for a party completely unsuited to their situation (as today). In a plenary session Depending on the ability of your pupils, you should be able to have a discussion based on the following points: Why did the pupils vote how they did? How might this help us understand why Hitler came to power? What were the effects on the Nazi's popularity of: the prosperity of the late 1920s, he Crash of 1929-32? What were the connections between political and economic events (eg the Treaty of Versailles) and the political opinions of ordinary people. The game will have given Hitler an overwhelming majority in the election; in I reality, he only got 44% of the vote. Can the pupils think of any reasons for this? Hi - POLITICAL PARTIES IN GERMANY The Aims of Nazism What does Hitler want? He wants to lock up the godless Communists. He wants to drive out the Jews. He wants a strong Government. He wants to give every German work. He wants to help the peasants. He wants an army again. He wants to make the German people powerful again Extract from a German school textbook of 1940 The Centre Party (Z) A middle-class party. It supports the Roman Catholic Church. Its leaders do not like change, and believe in being careful with publics money; they will not spend money on public works or by unemployment relief. They want to fulfil the Versailles Treaty, but to negotiate reductions in the payments. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) A working-class party, with close links to the Trade Unions. They believe in parliament and democracy. They want to help working men, but they do not believe in the use of force. They want to fulfil the Versailles Treaty, but to negotiate reductions in the reparations. The Communists A workers movement. They want to nationalise industry and land, taking them from their owners, and sharing wealth more equally amongst the people of Germany. Some extreme Communists want a violent revolution. They want to destroy the existing government and to set up a Soviet Republic linked to Russia. Hii - THE TWENTY FIVE POINTS OF THE GERMAN WORKERS PARTY 1920 1 The union of all Germans to form a Great Germany. 2 The abolition of the peace treaty of Versailles. 3 Land and colonies to feed our people. 4 Only those of German blood can be a member of our nation. No Jew, therefore, may be a member of the nation 7 The state shall make it its first duty to provide the work and livelihood of the citizens We demand therefore: 11 Abolition of incomes not earned by work. 12 Ruthless confiscation of all war gains 15 Much better provision for old age. 16 Creation and support of a healthy middle class, and the extreme help of the state for small shopkeepers 18 Sordid criminals against the nation, money-lenders, profiteers etc., must be punished with death 20 With the aim of opening to every capable and hard-working German the possibility of advancement the state must rebuild our national system of education. 21 The state must raise the standard of health in the nation by protecting mothers and infants and by better support for clubs which promote the physical development of the young 22 The formation of a national army 25 So that all these may be brought about, we demand the creation of a strong central power of the state. Hiii - POLITICAL CHOICES IN 1928 Wealthy factory owner, 1928 You own a large steel factory in the centre of town. You live in a large house in the suburbs. A manager runs your firm, which is very prosperous at the moment. Life is wonderful, full of operas, new cars and rich food! You are satisfied with the way the government has obtained reductions in the Reparations, and exports are improving now that Germany is part of the League of Nations. Unemployment is running quite high just enough to keep wages down, without damaging trade!Poor farmer, 1928 They say times are good, but you cant see it. Foreign imports of fancy food are growing and you cant produce them on your poor soils. The wholesaler who bugs your stuff can force prices right down and everybody says how wonderful it is that food is so cheap! You have been told that the Nazis have promised to reduce taxes on small landowners thank goodness, because you can barely afford seed and manure. You hate all foreigners. Its high time that Germans stood up for their rights.Ex-soldier, 1928 You fought for three years in the First World War. Afterwards things were very bad at first you couldnt get a job, and you were forced to rely on charity hand-outs and bread and soup from the soup-kitchens a fine reward for three years of service to Germany! You still feel that you would have won if the Army hadnt been stabbed in the back by the Jews. Yet now you have been forced to take your mothers gold watch to a Jewish pawnbrokers shop. He has prospered, while you starved. Things are better now, you have a job, but it is far below your abilities, and you still owe money to a moneylender.Small shopkeeper, 1928 Times are good! The inflation is passed, people have (sound) money in their pockets, and they are spending it at your hardware shop. Food is cheap. Thank goodness, because you have seven children. Both you and your wife are devout Catholics, and you have always voted even in the bad times for the Centre Party (as your priest advises you to). Your children attend the Catholic Youth Club, and you are really annoyed with the local schoolteacher, who is trying to bully them into going to the Nazi Youth by giving them extra homework!Schoolteacher, 1928 You did not fight in the war because your eyesight was poor, but you encouraged your pupils to sign up. However, you dont believe all this nonsense about a stab in the back; Germany lost the war because America joined with France and Britain. Times are good now, and we need to forget the past. What does worry you is that nearly half your pupils are still underfed. Their parents cannot afford to feed them properly. Yesterday, a terrible thing happened. One of your pupils, a Jew, was being beaten up by some older boys from the Hitler Youth. When you tried to stop them, they threatened you. You are ashamed to say that you were frightened, and left the boy to his fate these things shouldnt be happening in Germany.Widow, 1928 Your husband and your eldest son were killed in the First World War (your husband was a fairly high-ranking officer). Your savings were wiped out in the great inflation. At the moment you live with your son, but you hate being a burden on him. However, at the moment he has a good job as a draughtsman in an engineering firm. And you are most unhappy about the way his children are turning out; they go to the Hitler Youth, and they are arrogant, rude and Hitler-mad. You are Catholic (and have always voted for the Centre Party), but many of your friends are Jews, and you disapprove violently of these SA thugs who swagger round the streets.Army officer, 1928 You serve in the Republics small army. You hate the Treaty which forced so small an army on Germany. You fear Communist Russia and the Treaty has taken away Germanys defence. What is needed is a union of all Austria and Germany, as a bulwark against the Russians. You disapprove of the spendthrift, lazy lifestyle of so many Germans. What the country needs need is a strong central state and a bit of discipline!Factory worker, 1928 All your friends vote Communist. Things are much better now than during the great inflation, when one of your children died from measles, but you are aware that, whilst your boss is getting very wealthy because of your work, you are still quite poor. Your son is very clever, and you are annoyed that he will never get the chance to better himself, because you are poor.Hiv - POLITICAL CHOICES IN 1932 Wealthy factory owner, 1932 Times are bad! You lost a fortune on the stock exchange, the factory is no longer profitable, and if things get any Worse you may have to sell your wifes car. You have had to lay off many of your workers too, and reduce the wages of the others; whereupon a Trade Union representative came and told you that, if you sacked any more men, they would go on strike! You told him that if they went on strike, you would have to close the factory down and they would all be out of work. He didnt seem to understand. Yesterday, you saw some of your former employees taking part in a Communist demonstration. You fear that if the Communists come to power, they will confiscate your wealth and your factory.Schoolteacher, 1932 Some of your pupils are literally starving to death; something has to be done. It all seems so hopeless. Only the Hitler Youth seem energetic and motivated. National Socialism must have something in it. Someone threw a brick through your window yesterday; you dont know whether it was the Nazis or the Communists they are both pressurising you to join them. The government is clearly bankrupt of ideas. Perhaps its time to move away from the moderate parties extreme crises need extreme answers. But which to choose Russian Communism, or Jew-hating Nazism?Poor farmer, 1932 Well, at least the price of food has risen slightly. But people are so poor. Nobody has a clue what to do about the depression; one thing that needs to happen straight away is for someone to stop all these profiteers making their vast profits. Hitler seems such a nice man; your daughter went to a Nazi rally last month and she says it was wonderful.Widow, 1932 Your son has lost his job, and your family is terribly poor its enough to make you lose your faith in God. The Centre Party doesn't have a clue what to do about the situation. Meanwhile the chaos on the streets increases; there are daily battles between the Communists and the SA. We need a strong government.Small shopkeeper, 1932 Times are terrible! Nobody can afford to buy hardware any more. You are suffering terribly from competition from the big local department store; it is run by a Jewish family. Your children are going hungry. The politicians of the Centre Party dont seem to have a clue what to do. Yesterday, two SA men visited your shop to ask for a donation. They asked you why your children didnt go to the Hitler Youth. One of them hinted that, unless you join them, they would wreck your shop.Army officer, 1932 The Versailles settlement continues to harm Germany even in the middle of a depression. Meanwhile the chaos on the streets increases; there are daily battles between the Communists and the SA. We need a strong government which will restore law and order, and make Germany great again. Meanwhile, something has got to be done about the Jewish problem. Its not right that foreigners should live here when our own people havent got enough to eat.Factory worker, 1932 You are out of a job. Your family is going hungry. The rich factory owners are using the depression as an opportunity to reduce wages and undermine the power of the Unions. The Nazi thugs are beating up your Communist friends. There is no unemployment in Russia!Ex-soldier, 1932 You have lost your job. You are in debt up to your eyeballs. Your wife is seriously ill with tuberculosis. There seems no hope. Nobody in the government seems to understand what it is like to be starving. Your son has joined the SA. They give him his food and a little money. You are going to see his commanding officer tomorrow.     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