ࡱ> 7 VbjbjUU ,7|7|mQlTXXX Y|Y|l$[$[:[:[:[\\\$n r\\\\\h:[:[hhh\ :[:[h\hThApirr:[[ WpUXenrrҍ0r,hrhSyllabus In this seminar, we will discuss, write, and perform science songs. We'll begin with an overview of the theories and research suggesting that songs may be useful as educational tools. After the instructor offers examples of science songs, groups of students will then research, write, and present their own songs. Each song can be spoken (as a rap) or sung; the song's lyrics may accompany newly composed music or a karaoke soundtrack. We'll conclude with a discussion of how the themes of this seminar can be applied to college-level teaching and learning. WHO TEACHES THIS COURSE? Your instructor is Greg Crowther. Greg has a B.A. in Biology from Williams College (Williamstown, Mass.) and a Ph.D. in Physiology & Biophysics from the University of Washington. He currently teaches biology to U.W. engineering students and does research on the metabolism of alcohol-consuming bacteria. Greg is a member of the Seattle band Science Groove and maintains an online database of science/math songs (www.science-groove.org/MASSIVE) as well as a radio station devoted to these songs (www.live365.com/stations/trappedinlab). WHAT EXACTLY WILL WE DO EACH DAY? DayActivitiesTuesday Introduction and overview of seminar (10 minutes) Mini-lecture: educational uses of music (10 minutes) Explanation of project assignment, with examples of science songs (10 minutes) Groups work on projects (30 minutes) Goals: form groups; choose a topic; find information on that topicWednesday Groups work on projects (60 minutes) Goals: make list of 10 important facts about topic; convert facts to lyrics; decide on song format (karaoke, rap, or original music)   Thursday Final preparation and rehearsal (10 minutes) Song presentations (40 minutes) Wrap-up discussion and survey (10 minutes) WHAT PROBLEMS MIGHT YOU ENCOUNTER DURING THIS COURSE? 1. Writers block. Sometimes its hard to be creative. To avoid writers block, start by making a list of 10 facts about your topic, then use those facts to write your song lyrics. Remember that lyrics dont have to be written for a particular tune; you can just write a poem and then present the poem as a rap. 2. Lack of musical skill. You may not know how to play any of the instruments in the room, but dont let that stop you! Many of the percussion instruments are easy to use just pick them up and see if you can produce an interesting sound! Or ask the instructor for a quick demonstration. If you arent comfortable singing in front of other people, consider doing a rap or chant. Finally, divide up the work according to peoples abilities and interests. For example, in a group of three people, one person might be the lead vocalist, another might play an instrument, and the third might make PowerPoint slides to illustrate the lyrics. 3. Lack of interest in science and math. Science and math are sometimes considered boring and/or difficult. However, whether you realize it or not, you probably are interested in some aspects of these subjects. Do you like to listen to music? Music travels through the air in sound waves, which have properties such as frequency and amplitude. Do you play video games? Video games are electronics, which involve the flow of electricity through circuits. Do you know a lot about sports statistics? Statistics are a form of math. The key to writing a good song is to pick a topic you find interesting! SONGWRITING TIPS AND GUIDELINES 1. Don't try to write a whole song! Since you have a very limited amount of time available for songwriting, set realistic goals. A reasonable strategy might be to pick a scientific topic that you already understand, briefly review a few key aspects of the topic, and then write a verse or two about that topic. 2. Songs should educate your peers about an important scientific concept, scientist, or experimental method. Don't get carried away with highly technical information; focus on a specific issue that your fellow students will understand. 3. All members of a group should contribute to the creation and performance of the song in some way. Some of you may not feel comfortable performing in front of others, and that's fine -- you can still help write the song, prepare visual aids, etc. 4. Your song can be spoken (as a rap) or sung. You can compose your own original music or perform karaoke-style (see "Karaoke Song Options" below). 5. All group members should respect each other's creative ideas and musical tastes. 6. Songs should be appropriate for a family audience (no profanity, please!). COMPUTER TIPS 1. You can use the computers in the classroom for looking up information on the web, writing lyrics, designing illustrations to accompany your presentations, and listening to music CDs. 2. Please save all of your work in the ScienceSongs folder within the Labtemp directory. Warning: if your files wind up in the wrong directory, they may not exist when you try to find them the next day! 3. When printing a file, select CRC 1-Sided (the default option) or CRC 2-Sided as the printer. Then take a purple Quick Card upstairs to the Computing Resource Center (room 131) and use the card to pay for and release your print job. 4. To listen to a music CD, get a set of headphones and plug them into your computer so that you dont disturb others. WHERE DID THE INSTRUMENTS AND KARAOKE CDs COME FROM? Some were purchased with University of Washington funds; most were borrowed from friends. Please take good care of them! WHAT TOPICS CAN WE COVER IN OUR SONG? Almost anything in the realm of science and mathematics is OK. If you're not sure whether a particular topic is appropriate, please check with the instructor. We strongly suggest that you pick a subject that you personally find interesting. If your group is having trouble thinking of a good topic, feel free to choose one from the list below. Astronomy What was the Big Bang? Could living things survive on any planet besides earth? How do telescopes magnify distant objects? What have we discovered about the moon in the past two years? Body Systems How does your body fight infections? How does your brain recognize familiar sounds, odors, and images? What makes some athletes better than others? Why does the heart keep beating on and on without ever stopping? Chemistry How is the periodic table of elements organized? What are calories and how are they measured? Why are cooking directions different for high altitude? Why do some chemical reactions cause explosions? Diseases and Treatment What causes diseases such as AIDS and cancer? What treatments are available for these diseases? Can these diseases be avoided altogether? Ecology How will global warming affect the distribution of plants and animals on Earth? Why are some animals brightly colored and others dull? What limits the growth of populations? Why and how do some animals migrate for thousands of miles? Energy conversion How do we convert food into energy we can use? How do cars use gas? Are there other ways of making cars run? Genetics What is the Human Genome Project? Why are some twins more alike than others? Can genetic testing predict whether youll get a disease later in life? How can you use DNA to determine the relatedness of a human and a mouse? Geology How does radiocarbon dating work? How do meteorologists make weather forecasts? Why do volcanoes erupt? How are diamonds and other valuable minerals formed? Mathematics What is the four-color conjecture for coloring maps? What is the golden ratio? What are fractals? Is playing the lottery a good investment? How about playing poker in Las Vegas? Physics How are lasers and magnets used in modern industry and medicine? How does electricity know where to flow? How do nuclear fission and fusion work? What forces govern the trajectory of basketballs, baseballs, golf balls, etc.? The following websites are good sources of information and may help you find an appropriate topic MadSciNet http://www.madsci.org National Digital Science Library http://www.nsdl.org Nobel Prizes http://nobelprize.org NOVA (TV show) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ Science Animations http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/animatio.htm KARAOKE SONG OPTIONS 3 Doors Down: Away from the sun3 Doors Down: Here without you50 Cent: Candy shopAaliyah (feat. Tank): Come overAaliyah: Miss youAir Supply: Lost in loveAlicia Keys: DiaryAlicia Keys: If I ain't got youAlicia Keys: If I ain't got youAlicia Keys: KarmaAlicia Keys: You don't know my nameAlicia Keys: You don't know my nameAll American Rejects: Swing, swingAllman Brothers: Ramblin manAmanda Perez: AngelAmerie: 1 thingAmy Grant: Takes a little timeAmy Grant: That's what love is forAnimal Bag: EverybodyAnnie Lennox: A whiter shade of paleAnnie Lennox: Downtown lightsAnnie Lennox: No more "I love you"'sAnnie Lennox: Take me to the riverAnnie Lennox: Train in vainAshanti: Breakup 2 makeupAshanti: Rain on meAshanti: Rock wit u (Awww baby)Ashlee Simpson: La laAshlee Simpson: Pieces of meAshlee Simpson: ShadowAslyn: Be the girlAudioslave: I am the highwayAudioslave: Like a stoneAvant: Can't waitAvril Lavigne: Don't tell meAvril Lavigne: I'm with youAvril Lavigne: Losing gripAvril Lavigne: My happy endingAvril Lavigne: Nobody's homeB5: All I doBachman Turner Overdrive: Takin care of businessBad Boy's Da Band: Bad boy this bad boy thatBarry Manilow: I write the songsBarry Manilow: Looks like we made itBeach Boys: Barbara AnnBeach Boys: Fun, fun, funBeach Boys: Help me RhondaBeach Boys: Surfin' U.S.ABee Gees: How can you mend a broken heartBee Gees: How deep is your loveBee Gees: Jive talkinBee Gees: Love you inside outBee Gees: MassachusettsBee Gees: Night feverBee Gees: Stayin aliveBee Gees: Too much heavenBee Gees: TragedyBee Gees: You should be dancingBelinda Carlisle: In too deepBette Midler: Wind beneath my wingsBeyonce feat. Jay-Z: Crazy in loveBeyonce feat. Sean Paul: Baby boyBeyonce: Dangerously in loveBeyonce: Me, myself & IBeyonce: Naughty girlBeyonce: Naughty girlBig Head Todd and the Monsters: Broken hearted saviorBilly Joel: Just the way you areBilly Joel: Movin' outBilly Joel: My lifeBilly Joel: Only the good die youngBilly Joel: Piano manBilly Joel: She's always a womanBlack Eyed Peas: Where is the loveBlink-182: I miss youBlu Cantrell: BreatheBob Seger: Still the sameBowling for soup: 1985Bread: Make it with youBrewer & Shipley: One toke over the lineBrian McKnight: Try our love againBritney Spears: EverytimeBritney Spears: My prerogativeBritney Spears: OutrageousBritney Spears: ToxicCarly Simon: Youre so vainCarole King: Will you love me tomorrowCarpenters: Hurting each otherCarpenters: Weve only just begunCat Stevens: Wild worldCeline Dion: Have you ever been in loveCeline Dion: In some small wayChingy feat. Ludacris & Snoop Dogg: Holidae inChristina Aguilera feat. Lil Kim: Can't hold us downChristina Aguilera: BeautifulChristina Aguilera: FighterChristina Aguilera: The voice withinChuck Berry: My Ding-a-lingClay Aiken: InvisibleClay Aiken: This is the nightClub Nouveau: Lean on meCold: Stupid girlColdplay: ClocksCommodores: Three times a ladyCommon feat. Mary J. Blige: Come close to meCreedence Clearwater Revival: Lookin out my back doorDaniel Bedingfield: If you're not the oneDave Hollister: Tell me whyDave Mathews: Save meDavid Bowie: Blue jeanDavid Bowie: China girlDavid Bowie: FameDavid Bowie: Modern loveDavid Lee Roth: Just a gigoloDef Leppard: Stand upDestiny's Child: GirlDestiny's child: Lose my breathDestiny's child: SoldierDiana Ross: When you tell me that you love meDilated Peoples feat. Kanye West: This wayDionne Warwick: I know I'll never love this way againDon Henley: All she wants to do is danceDwele: Find a wayEdison Lighthouse: Love grows where my Rosemary goesEdwin Star: WarElton John: Your songElvis Presley: My wayEvanescence: Bring me to lifeEvanescence: Everybody's foolEvanescence: Going underEve feat. Alicia Keys: Gangsta lovin'Fantasia Barrino: I believeFantasia Barrino: Truth isFantasia: Baby mamaFive For Fighting: 100 YearsFleetwood Mac: RhiannonFleetwood Mac: You make loving funFoo Fighters: All my lifeFoo Fighters: Times like theseFountains Of Wayne: Stacy's momFrankie J: Don't wanna tryFrankie J: ObsessionFuel: Falls on meGame & 50 Cent: How we doGavin Degraw: I don't want to beGenesis: Never a timeGeorge Michael: Baby hold onGeorge Michael: FaithGeorge Michael: Father figureGeorge Michael: Free rideGeorge Michael: One more tryGeorge Michael: River's risin'Gerald Levert: One million timesGolden Earring: Radar loveGoo Goo Dolls: Give a little bitGoo Goo Dolls: SympathyGood Charlotte: Hold onGood Charlotte: PredictableGwen Stefani: Hollaback girlGwen Stefani: What you waiting forHall & Oates: ManeaterHarry Connick Jr.: It had to be youHeart: AloneHelen Reddy: I am womanHilary Duff: Come cleanHilary Duff: FlyHillary Duff: So yesterdayHoobastank: DisappearHoobastank: The reasonHot Chocolate: You sexy thingIndia.Arie: Can I walk with youIsaac Hayes: Theme from ShaftJa Rule, Fat Joe, & Jadakiss: New YorkJa Rule: Clap backJackson Browne: Running on emptyJagged Edge: What's it likeJaheim: Put that woman firstJanet Jackson: Just a little whileJasmine Guy: Just want to hold youJason Mraz: The remedy (I won't worry)Jay-Z: Dirt off your shoulderJennifer Lopez feat. L.L. Cool J: All I haveJennifer Lopez: I'm gladJessica Simpson: AngelsJessica Simpson: Sweetest SinJessica Simpson: With youJet: Are you gonna be my girlJet: Look what you've doneJimmy Buffett: MargaritavilleJ-Kwon: TipsyJohn Mayer: Bigger than my bodyJohn Mayer: ClarityJohn Mayer: DaughtersJohn Mayer: Why GeorgiaJohn Mayer: Your body is a wonderlandJohnny Mathis: The twelfth of neverJoJo: Baby it's youJoJo: Leave (get out)Josh Groban: You raise me upJoss Stone: Fell in love with a boyJuice Newton: Angel of the morningJustin Timberlake: Cry me a riverJustin Timberlake: I'm lovin' itJustin Timberlake: Rock your bodyJustin Timberlake: SenoritaJuvenile feat. Mannie Fresh: In my lifeK.D. Lang: The jokerKanye West: All falls downKaryn White: Tears of joyKelly Clarkson: BreakawayKelly Clarkson: LowKelly Clarkson: Miss IndependentKelly Clarkson: Since you've been goneKelly Clarkson: The trouble with love isKem: I can't stop loving youKenny Loggins: FootlooseKenny Rogers: Coward of the countyKenny Rogers: Daytime friends, nighttime loversKenny Rogers: LadyKenny Rogers: LucilleKenny Rogers: Reuben JamesKenny Rogers: Ruby, don't take your love to townKenny Rogers: She believes in meKenny Rogers: The gamblerKenny Rogers: Through the yearsKenny Rogers: While the feeling's goodKenny Rogers: You decorated my lifeKid Rock feat. Sheryl Crow: PictureKnack: My SharonaKylie Minogue: SlowLarry Graham: One in a millionLindsay Lohan: RumorsLive: HeavenLiz Phair: ExtraordinaryLiz Phair: Why can't ILudacris: Get backLumidee: Never leave you - uh ooh, uh oooh!Luther Vandross: Think about youMadonna: American lifeMadonna: HollywoodMadonna: Into the grooveMadonna: Like a prayerMadonna: Nothing fallsMadonna: Spanish eyesMadonna: Who's that girlMariah Carey: It's like thatMariah Carey: Through the rainMariah Carey: We belong togetherMario Winans feat. P. Diddy: I don't wanna knowMaroon 5: Harder to breatheMaroon 5: She will be lovedMaroon 5: Sunday morningMaroon 5: This loveMary J. Blige w/ Eve: Not todayMary J. Blige: Love @ 1st sightMatchbox Twenty: Bright lightsMatchbox Twenty: DownfallMatchbox Twenty: UnwellMeatloaf: Paradise by the dashboard lightMercy Me: I can only imagineMetallica: Enter sandmanMetallica: Master of puppetsMetallica: Nothing else mattersMetallica: OneMetallica: The unforgivenMetallica: Wherever I may roamMichael Jackson: One more chanceMichelle Branch: Are you happy nowMichelle Branch: BreatheMichelle Branch: Til I get over youMonica: For you I willMonica: So goneMonica: U should've known betterMorris Alpert: FeelingsMusiq: ForthenightMusiq: WhoknowsMya: FallenMya: My love is likewhoaNAS: Bridging the gapNazareth: Love hurtsNB Ridaz & Angelina: Notice meNeil Diamond: Play meNelly & Christina Aguilera: Tilt ya head backNelly feat. Jaheim: My placeNelly feat. Tim McGraw: Over and overNelly Furtado: TryNelly: N dey sayNew Found Glory: Failure's not flatteringNew Found Glory: I don't wanna knowNickelback: Because of youNickelback: Feelin' way too damn goodNickelback: Figured you outNickelback: SomedayNina Sky: Turnin' me onNitty: Hey bittyNivea feat. Jagged Edge: Don't mess with my manNo Doubt feat. Lady Saw: Underneath it allNo Doubt: It's my lifeNorah Jones: Come away with meNorah Jones: Don't know whyNorah Jones: SunriseNorah Jones: Those sweet wordsOJays: Love trainOffspring: Hit thatOliver!: Consider yourselfOliver!: Food, glorious foodOliver!: I'd do anythingOliver!: Oom-pah-pahOliver!: Pick a pocket or twoOliver!: Where is love?Oliver!: Who will buy?Olivia Newton-John: I honestly love youOutKast: Hey Ya!OutKast: RosesPaper Lace: The night Chicago diedPatti LaBelle: New dayPaul Carrack: For once in our livesPaula Cole: Where have all the cowboys gone?Pearl Jam: BlackPeter Gabriel: SteamPeter, Paul & Mary: Blowin' in the windPeter, Paul & Mary: If I had a hammerPeter, Paul & Mary: Leaving on a jet planePeter, Paul & Mary: Puff the magic dragonPink feat. William Orbit: Feel good timePink: Catch me while I'm sleepingPink: God is a DJPink: TroublePortrait: Here we go againPrince: Call my namePrince: MusicologyPrince: SevenPuddle Of Mudd: She hates meQueen: We will rock youQueens Of The Stone Age: No one knowsR. Kelly: Happy peopleRay Charles & Norah Jones: Here we go againRay Stevens: The streakRemy Shand: The way I feelRighteous Brothers: Unchained melodyRocky Horror Picture Show: Time warpRod Stewart: Maggie MayRuben Stoddard: Flying without wingsRuben Stoddard: Sorry 2004Ryan Cabrera: 40 kinds of sadnessRyan Duarte: YouSantana feat. Alex Band: Why don't you and ISarah McLachlan: Building a mysterySarah McLachlan: FallenSarah McLachlan: StupidSeal: Love's divineSeal: Waiting for youSean Paul feat. Sasha: I'm still in love with youSheryl Crow: The first cut is the deepestSimple Plan: AddictedSimple Plan: PerfectSimple Plan: UntitledSimple Plan: Welcome to my lifeSister Sledge: We are familySmash Mouth: Walkin on the sunSmash Mouth: You are my number oneSmokey Robinson: Tears of a clownSnoop Dogg & Justin Timberlake: SignsSnoop Dogg feat. Pharrell: Let's get blownSpin Doctors: Two princesStacie Orrico: (There's gotta be) more to lifeStacie Orrico: StuckStaind: So far awayStandard: When I fall in loveStone Sour: BotherSugar Ray: Chasin' you aroundT.I.: Bring 'em outT.I.: Rubber band manTamia: QuestionsThalia feat. Fat Joe: I want youThird Eye Blind: Blinded (When I see you)Third Eye Blind: Crystal BallerThree Days Grace: (I hate) Everything about youThree Days Grace: HomeThree Dog Night: Mama told me not to comeTony Orlando/Dawn: Tie a yellow ribbon round the old oak treeTori Amos: Sleeps with butterfliesTrain: Calling all angelsTrain: When I look to the skyTrapt: HeadstrongTrillville: Some cutTyrese: How you gonna act like thatU2: I still haven't found what I'm looking forU2: VertigoU2: With or without youUsher & Alicia Keys: My booUsher feat. Lil Jon & Ludacris: Yeah!Usher: BurnUsher: Caught upUsher: That's what it's made forVan Halen: And the cradle will rockVan Halen: Dancing in the streetVan Halen: JumpVan Halen: PanamaVan Halen: Pretty womanVan Halen: When it's loveVan Halen: Why can't this be loveVanessa Carlton: White housesVelvet Revolver: Fall to piecesVillage People: Macho manVillage People: YMCAVivian Green: Emotional rollercoasterVivian Green: What is love?Wayne Wonder: No letting goWhite Stripes: Seven nation armyWilson Pickett: Mustang Sally ZZ Top: Cheap sunglassesZZ Top: Gimme all your lovin'ZZ Top: LegsZZ Top: Sharp dressed man Musical Representations of Science and Mathematics August 2005  PAGE 4  @\ # 3 A C BjXeCM4cdD M 5!*\>*CJ 6CJ] 5CJ\>*CJ 6CJ]CJ 5>*CJ\>*CJOJQJCJ>*CJ$OJQJ^JE   >?@\]xyz D$$Ifl0%#64 la  !dh$If` !mUV) z #   !=dh$If^`=  !dh$IfD$$Ifl0%#64 la  !$If  @ A B C  ` !dh$If]  !dh$If  !$IfD$$Ifl0%#64 la AB-./>?  !` !`>?@}~() WXeBC !CM4dX D E N r 4!5!=!a! !a!!!!!!("F"["""""'#Q###$$+$`$$$$$$$%  !` !%%0%1%P%Q%e%f%%%%%%%%TLhP:$$If`#62 24a:$$If`'62 24a$If !%%%%%%%%%%%%%& & &&&&A&B&C&f&g&h&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'''*'+','P'Q'R'o'p'q'''''''''''''((('((()(>(?(@(\(](^(t(u(v(((((((((((((((()CJaJ CJPJaJCJaJ^%%%% & &&&B&C&g&h&&&&&&&&&&&'ńńPŔŔŐ|TDŀŐ$If:$$If`#62 24a''+','Q'R'p'q'''''''''(((()(?(@(](\Ř|ŘŐtlTń\x$If:$$If`#62 24a](^(u(v((((((((((())+),)K)L)i)j)w)`PxhLxtpŀx8$If:$$If`#62 24a)))*)+),)J)K)L)h)i)j)v)w)x))))))))))* *!*8*9*:*S*T*U*o*p*q************* +++&+'+(+=+>+?+V+W+X+q+r+s+++++++++++++ ,,,0,1,2,N,O,P,g,h,i,~,,,,,,,,CJaJCJaJ CJPJaJ^w)x))))))) *!*9*:*T*U*p*q********ŸňŘdlplŬń`$If:$$If`#62 24a**++'+(+>+?+W+X+r+s+++++++++,,1,|d\dlLń|ŔŐŌ$If:$$If`#62 24a1,2,O,P,h,i,,,,,,,,,----A-B-X-Y-z-xd\\ň`TŔ\ň$If:$$If`#62 24a,,,,,------@-A-B-W-X-Y-y-z-{---------------....A.B.C.e.f.g................///8/9/:/[/\/]/t/u/v//////////#0$0%0B0C0D0_0`0a0000000 CJPJaJCJaJCJaJ^z-{----------...B.C.f.g......Ő\\l`dŨŐlŀp$If:$$If`#62 24a......//9/:/\/]/u/v///////$0%0C0\tŠŀŌdŤŀ|$If:$$If`#62 24aC0D0`0a0000000000011118191f1g11tŘt\|hLHŀŸ$If:$$If`#62 24a0000000000111111718191e1f1g1111111111111222-2.2/2@2A2B2Z2[2\2y2z2{2222222222222333=3>3?3t3u3v3333333333333444&4'4(4E4F4G4d4e4f4~4CJaJ CJPJaJCJaJ^1111111122.2/2A2B2[2\2z2{222222Ŭt\`dLh|\\ń$If:$$If`#62 24a222233>3?3u3v33333333344'4(4F4hżŰŨLD\\|$If:$$If`#62 24aF4G4e4f4444444444455+5,5O5P5j5k55|hŜtpTxdŐlŀ$If:$$If`#62 24a~444444444444444555*5+5,5N5O5P5i5j5k5555555555555555 6 6 6,6-6.6C6D6E6a6b6c6x6y6z6666666666666777.7/707P7Q7R7i7j7k777777777777777CJaJCJaJ CJPJaJ^5555555555 6 6-6.6D6E6b6c6y6z6666ńpXLlň\x\|l$If:$$If`#62 24a66666677/707Q7R7j7k7777777777xŀňpňddtxŐ`$If:$$If`#62 24a778 8-8.8F8G8_8`8q8r888888888889Ŕ8ddHp\`|ń|$If:$$If`#62 24a7788 8,8-8.8E8F8G8^8_8`8p8q8r88888888888888889999B9C9D9V9W9X9x9y9z9999999999999#:$:%:B:C:D:p:q:r::::::::::::::::;;;7;8;9;F;G;H;g;h;6CJ]aJ CJPJaJCJaJCJaJ[99C9D9W9X9y9z999999999$:%:C:D:q:r::ŠPňtxŐŐŠ|Ÿh$If:$$If`#62 24a::::::::::;;8;9;G;H;h;i;};~;;;;d|l|p|<ńT\d$If:$$If`#62 24ah;i;|;};~;;;;;;;;;;;;; <<<$<%<&<B<C<D<g<h<i<<<<<<<<<<<<<===9=:=;=O=P=Q=k=l=m=============>>>*>+>,>H>I>J>b>c>d>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>?0?1?2? 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