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Political parties and candidates compete in appealing to the largest pool of voters possible. Media sources often talk about such decisive issues in “winning” the public opinion as same-sex marriage, abortion rights and immigration, the buzz-word here is “inclusiveness” of all groups be it Latinos, the Christian right or the African Americans. Meanwhile, the political discourse on the relationships between the West and Islam is still dominated by the outdated fears of clash of ideas and interests. Islam and Muslims are often equated to a mistakenly limited number of spheres, namely: middle-eastern politics, petrodollars, terrorism, and the resulting U.S. foreign policy. Little attention is given to an ever-growing and diverse American population which professes the Muslim faith. It was not until after September 11 of 2001 that some Americans, notably in the White House realized the potential for Muslim participation in the political process, and in America’s War on Terror. In a special visit to the Islamic Center of Washington D.C., President Bush stated “America counts millions of Muslims” and that “Muslims make an incredibly valuable contribution to our country” Although many consider such attitude a turning point in the American Muslims’ political experience, this portion of the American society remains relatively unexplored. The general pattern correlating Church attendance with political participation as it is the case for some Christian groups (Calhoun-Brown, 2000; Harris, 1999; Tate, 1993; Leege and Kellstedt, 1993), does not always hold true when dealing with American Muslims. It is however important to point out the complexity of such socio-religious group which lays in the following: First, Muslims constitute one of the fastest growing religious groups in the free world, and unlike their counterparts in western Europe, a large portion of American Muslims are indigenous to this country. Second, the make up of this group is extremely complex, meaning that it is both diverse and homogeneous, its diversity is ethnic, linguistic and socio-economic in nature, while its homogeneity lays in the profession of a common faith, religious tradition, and at times, political attitudes. This paper will attempt to shed light on the political behavior of the American Muslims, and the role of religion in shaping a political identity of this group. There is however a need to address the question of which intervening factors determine the political behavior of such a diverse group. Such factors, although they may appear solely religious in nature, have a variety of fundamental underpinnings. We speculate that the American Muslims’ political behavior is influenced by two sets of determinants; endogenous and exogenous. This means that there are various factors which help shaping this group’s political thinking and behavior, they are produced and developed from within, and include, the various ‘sub-affiliations’ of American Muslims (i.e., ethnic, national and socio-economic), and the make up of American Muslim organizations. Exogenous factors include; the international environment and notably that of the Middle East, the concurrent American foreign policy as well as its domestic policy.      “Islam is Peace Says President” Remarks by President George W. Bush at the Islamic Center of Washington, DC. September 17, 2001. 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