ࡱ> OQN_ rUbjbj v5\5\600000DDD8|,D-@4z"___???????$%AC6?0="_6?00m?%%%N00?%?%%p;=DqcN<<>?0-@V<^D JD4=D0=H_s% ___6?6?"___-@D_________> : Steps to convert Eov from Oldershaw column to Emv for industrial column. The point efficiency, Eov, is defined by equation 6-30 in Seaders book, where the the mole fractions y and x are evaluated at a point along the tray. The Murphree vapor efficiency, Emv, is defined by the same equation averaged over the tray. You will obtain Eov using the Oldershaw column and ChemCad, Aspen Plus or UNISYM. The value of Emv is found using the steps below. Find Uaold (Uaold is velocity of the vapor based on active area of tray) for the Oldershaw column for a stage in the middle of the rectifying section. This is found by  EMBED Equation.3  where Vold is the molar flow rate of the vapor in the Oldeshaw column in the rectifying section, Mvap is the molecular weight of the vapor, r is the density of the vapor (Use ideal gas calculation), and Aaold is the active area of a stage in the Oldershaw column. Aaold must be estimated, but it is the area where the holes for the vapor occur on the tray. Find Ufold (Ufold is the flooding velocity for the Oldershaw column). This is found using  EMBED Equation.3 (p. 307) where rliq and rvap are the densities of the liquid and vapor, respectively, on the same stage as used in step 1. The value of Cold is found by Cold = FSTFFFHACFold (p. 308) where FST = (s/20)0.2 (s is the surface tension of the liquid in dyne/cm) (p. 308), FF is a foaming factor and is 1 if the liquid is non-foaming (p. 308) FHA = 1.0 for Ahold/Aaold  EMBED Equation.3  0.1 and 5(Ahold/Aaold) + 0.5 for 0.06  EMBED Equation.3  Ahold/Aaold  EMBED Equation.3  0.1 where Ahold is the total area of the sieve holes on a stage and Aaold is total active area as defined in step 1 (You can safely assume Ahold/Aaold  EMBED Equation.3  0.1) (p. 308), and CFold is found using Figure 6.24 on page 308. The x axis of the figure is found by EMBED Equation.3  where Lold is the molar flow of the liquid and Mliq is the molecular weight of the liquid on the stage chosen above. (Flv will be same in both the Oldershaw and the industrial column since will want to operate at the same conditions with the same L/V). Find Ufind (Ufind is flooding velocity of the vapor based on active area of tray) for a tray in the industrial tower. Use the same Flv found in step 2 and find CFind for the industrial tower using Figure 6.24 page 308. The factors FST, FF, and FHA will be the same as found in step 2. Now  EMBED Equation.3 . Find Uaind (The vapor velocity based on the active area of the industrial column). To get same Eov in the industrial tower as you found in the Oldershaw column you must have same fraction of flooding (Uaind/Ufind = Uaold/Ufold) and the same L/V as in the Oldershaw column. This leads to the equation  EMBED Equation.3 To get the same L/V, you must have the same reflux ratio. Find Aaind, the active tray area of the industrial column. Remember that at the same reflux ratio, the distillate flow rate is the proportional to the feed. You will get the area of the industrial column by the equation:  EMBED Equation.3  6. Find Ad/Aind, where Ad is the area of the downcomer (one of the shaded area in figure below) and Aind is the total tower cross-sectional area, by: Ad/Aind = 0.1, if FLV  EMBED Equation.3  0.1 Ad/Aind = 0.1 + (FLV 0.1)/9, if 0.1  EMBED Equation.3  FLV  EMBED Equation.3  1.0 (p. 309 below Eq. 6-44) Ad/Aind = 0.2 , FLV  EMBED Equation.3  1.0 7. Find diameter (Dtower) of industrial tower  EMBED Equation.3   EMBED Equation.3  8. Calculate q from  EMBED Equation.3  9. Calculate  EMBED Equation.3  10. Find the volumetric liquid flow rate (qL):  EMBED Equation.3 , where Lind is the liquid molar flow rate in the industrial tower. 11. Find weir length Lw.  EMBED Equation.3  12. Find a value for the effective diffusivity DE for bubble caps by:  EMBED Equation.3 , where Ua is vapor velocity in ft/sec,  EMBED Equation.3  is liquid rate in gal/min,  EMBED Equation.3  is the average flow width in ft  EMBED Equation.3 , and hw is the weir height in inches. DE has units of ft2/sec. Multiply the value of DE obtained above by 1.25 if you have sieve trays instead of bubble caps. (12-47 in Kings book) 13. Find Ks, capacity parameter (in feet/sec), using:  EMBED Equation.3  (6-49) 14. Find effective relative froth density, fe, using: fe = exp(-4.257Ks0.91) (6-48) 15. Find coefficient C1, using: C1 = 0.362+ 0.317exp(-3.5 hw), where hw is the weir height in inches. (6-50) 16. Find the equivalent height of clear liquid holdup on the tray, hl in inches, using:  EMBED Equation.3 , where hw is the weir height in inches, Lw is the weir length in inches, and qL is the liquid flow in gallons per minute. (6-47) 17. Compute the contact time on the tray, tL, in seconds, using:  EMBED Equation.3  where Aaind is found in step 5, hl is found in step 16 and qL is found in step 10. (6-36) 18. Find Peclet number (Pe) using:  EMBED Equation.3  19. Find l using:  EMBED Equation.3 , where m is the slope, dy/dx, of the vapor-liquid equilibrium line. 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One good way to estimate this for binary mixtures is to use the equations:  EMBED Equation.3  and  EMBED Equation.3  where: xdist is the mole fraction of the distillate yeq,dist is the vapor mole fraction in equilibrium with xdist yfeedline is the vapor mole fraction at the intersection of the feedline (i.e., the q line, eq. 7-26) with the equilibrium line xfeedline is the corresponding liquid mole fraction xbottoms is the mole fraction of the bottoms product yeq,bottoms is the vapor mole fraction in equilibrium with xbottoms. All mole fractions here are in terms of the light component. (6-33) 20. Find h by:  EMBED Equation.3  (6-35) 21. Find EMV/EOV by:  EMBED Equation.3  (6-34) 22. Find fractional entrainment y using Figure 6.28, page 316. 23. Now get EMV,wet (this includes the effect of entrainment and is the value you will use in Hysis to find the number of actuHHHHHHHHH"I#I$I'I+I\I`IaIbIjIIIIIIIII,J.J0J>JJJJJJKK K"KHKRKKKKKKKKKKKKKjQhbEHU$j/? hbCJUVmHnHujhbUhbOJQJhbhghh"ChPMh$hjH* h)H*hjhjH*hjh$h jh Uj@Ohh2!EHU5KK LLL$L(L,L2LLdLfLhLjLxLzL|LLLLLMM MM*M,MNT$T)T*T=T>T?T@TXT_T`T|TTTUU U!U"U빵ﱯﱍ~zh@ghhH* hh hH*j`hbEHU$j? hbCJUVmHnHuUhhEXhohbOJQJh qMjPXhbEHU$j6? hbCJUVmHnHu hbH*hghbh"CjhbU/zL~LLLM`TaT!U"U#U;U=U>U@UAUCUDUFUGUgd@g  !Z^Zgd  !Z&dP^Zgd$  !gdo  !gdg  !^gdg  !Z^Zgdgal stages in the industrial column) by:  EMBED Equation.3 . This is final answer. (6-65) Note: For large columns, EMV,wet can be greater than 1.0 since it is an average across the tray and cross-flow increases the effective efficiency. However, Eov can never be larger than 1.0.  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