ŠĻą”±į>ž’ Z\ž’’’Y’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’ģ„Į%` šæębjbj"x"x ķB@@¼)’’’’’’¤@@@@@@@4t///h€/4“/lt¦9,0,0"N0N0N0N0N0N0%9'9'9'9'9'9'9$Ā:h*=TK9@N0N0N0N0N0K9@@N0N0`9ģ2ģ2ģ2N0Ä@N0@N0%9ģ2N0%9ģ2ģ2:ń7,@@y8N0 0 ĖiA4ŌÉ/1p8 %9v90¦9'8R~=‚1~=y8~=@y8¬N0N0ģ2N0N0N0N0N0K9K9ˆ2dN0N0N0¦9N0N0N0N0ttt¤*/ttt/ttt@@@@@@’’’’ Table of Contents I. Grammar and Mechanics Adjectives Adjectives Descriptive Words Some Useful Adjectives Adverbs Adverbs Qualifiers Articles Articles I Articles II Articles: Flowchart and Guidelines Guidelines for Article Usage Conjunctions Conjunctions: General Introduction and Practice Correction Symbols American Language Department Correction Symbols Common Proofreading Symbols Explanations of ESL Writing Errors Grammar Terms Grammar Glossary Parts of Speech I Parts of Speech II Language Usage and Meaning Homonyms More English Stuff More on Idioms Some Helpful Word Lists Suggestions for Changing Sexist Language Transition Words Understanding Word Meanings Word Up! (Confusing Words) Words That Show Logical Relationships Modifiers Misplaced Modifiers Order of Modifiers before Nouns Restrictive and Non-restrictive Modifiers Nouns Count and Noncount Nouns & Expressionsof Quantity Parallelism Parallel Structure Parallelism I Parallelism II Participles A Primer for Participles Prepositions An Approach to Prepositions Prepositions Pronouns General Introduction to Pronouns Who/Whom and Whoever/Whomever Simplified Punctuation Apostrophes Commas for the Timid and Brave Commas: Practice Exercises Points to Ponder: Punctuation Simplified Punctuation Punctuation Patterns The Six Main Uses of the Comma Sentence Construction and Clarity Comma Splices and Run-ons Eliminating Commas Splices and Fused Sentences Fragments Fragments, Comma Splices, and Run-ons Fragments in a Paragraph Exercise Identifying Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences Improving Sentence Clarity Paramedic Method: How to Make Sentences Clear and Concise Relative Clauses, Appositives, and Participles: An Overview Sentence Boundaries: The Big Three Trouble Spots Sentence Types Subordination Using Relative Clauses Words that Create Dependent Clauses Verbs A Note on Verbals Asking Questions that Require Students to Think Infinitives Irregular Verbs Irregular Verbs II Modals and Similar Expressions Simple Verb Tenses Stative Passive Subject Verb Agreement The Future Perfect and the Future Perfect Progressive The Passive Voice The Passive Voice II Verb Tenses Verb Tense and Form Overview Verbs with Stative Meaning II. Documentation, Research Strategies, and Using Outside Sources Effectively APA APA Documentation Style: In-text Citations APA Documentation Style: Reference List APA Research Paper APA Style Bibliographic Citation APA Style Quick Reference Guide MLA Annotated Bibliography MLA Documentation Style: In-text Citations General Guidelines for Formatting a Paper MLA Style List of Works Consulted MLA Style Bibliographic Citation MLA Research Paper MLA Workshop: Selecting, Editing, and Integrating Quotations Sample MLA Format Essay Tips for MLA Works Cited Page Turabian Sample Footnote and Bibliography Page Using Outside Sources Effectively Evaluating Websites Plagiarism vs. Paraphrasing: How to Tell the Difference To Quote or not to Quote Quotations, Paraphrasing, and Paragraph Development III. Essay Planning and Structure Analyzing Literature Figurative Language Literary Analysis Literary Terms: An Approach to Analysis Symbolic Characters Writing about Literature Critical Thinking Common Logical Fallacies Correlation and Causation: Establishing Logical Relationships Logical Fallacies Handlist Logos, Ethos, and Pathos Occam’s Razor: A Useful Tool in Logic Essay Components Giving Your Essay a Good Title The Introductory Paragraph Writing Thesis Statements (AmLa) Thesis Statement Thesis Statements The Topic Sentence Outline The Topic Sentence Connecting Paragraphs Paragraphing: The MEAL Plan Planning an Essay Building a Solid Structure for Your Essay Essay Writing Process Prompts Planning an Essay Research Paper Outline Template The Five Paragraph Essay The Outline The Outline Worksheet Starting an Essay Clustering/Brainstorming Invention: Starting the Writing Process Need Help? 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