ࡱ> GIFy bjbj .:{{         4d !:$   R   H{U]R80!@mQmHHm \0m!m : Transitional Words and Phrases Robert Harris Version Date: February 10, 1999  Transitional words and phrases provide the glue that holds ideas together in writing. They provide coherence (that hanging together, making sense as a whole) by helping the reader to understand the relationship between ideas, and they act as signposts that help the reader follow the movement of the discussion. Transitional expressions, then, can be used between sentences, between paragraphs, or between entire sections of a work. The two kinds of transitions are those of logic and those of thought. Each of these kinds is discussed here. Transitions of Logic Transitions of logic consist of words or phrases that convey "logical intent": that is, they show the logical connection between two ideas. Since there are several possible logical connections (such as time, purpose, contrast), there are several categories of transitions of logic. The table below lists many of these transitions, arranged by category and listed as milder or stronger. (Note that there is some double listing, because of the different ways words can be used.) Some hints for use: be careful not to use too many strong transitions transitions become stronger when they are the first word in a sentence, milder when they are moved a few words into the sentence keep this list handy while you write, until the words come automatically Transitions of LogicMilderStrongerAdditiona further x and and then then also too next another other norfurther furthermore moreover in addition additionally besides again equally important first, second finally, lastComparisonjust as ... so too a similar x another x likesimilarly comparable in the same way likewiseContrastbut yet and yet still otherwise or though but another ratherhowever still nevertheless on the other hand on the contrary even so notwithstanding for all that in contrast alternatively at the same time though this may be otherwise instead nonetheless converselyTimethen now soon afterward later shortly earlier recently first, second, third next before after today tomorrowmeanwhile at length presently at last finally immediately thereafter at that time subsequently eventually currently in the meantime in the past in the futurePurposeto do this so thatto this end with this object for this purpose for that reason because of this xPlacethere here beyond nearby next toat that point opposite to adjacent to on the other side in the front in the backResultso and so thenhence therefore accordingly consequently thus thereupon as a result in consequenceExamplethat is specifically in particular for one thingfor example for instance an instance of this this can be seen inSummary and Emphasisin sum generally after all by the way in general incidentally naturally I hope at least it seems in brief I supposein short on the whole as I said in other words to be sure in fact indeed clearly of course anyway remarkably I think assuredly definitely without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainlyTransitions of Thought Transitions of thought consist of words that help maintain the continuity of thought from one sentence or paragraph to the next. Transitions of thought are produced by the following techniques: Pronouns and Possessive Pronouns. Follow a noun with a pronoun (to continue the same subject) or a possessive pronoun (to move to something related to the original subject). Fido is asleep. He is a good dog. His house is near the tree. The oranges are in the kitchen bowl. Eat all you want, but check them for ripeness first. The Castells must be home from the beach. I see their car in the driveway. Pronouns include he, she, it, we, they, us, them, him, her, I, me, and you Possessive pronouns include his, her, hers, its, their, theirs, ours, our, my, mine, your, yours Keyword Repetition. Repeat the word around which the discussion is focusing. Many cities are overcrowded. But now there is help for the city. Your gardener can apply this fertilizer to your lawn monthly. Just read the fertilizer label. OR Just ask your gardener about it. OR Your lawn will become greener and juicier. Synonyms. A synonym is a word that means nearly the same as another word. The meaning is close enough so that the thought continues, but different enough so that the idea expands and gains greater definition than it would by simply repeating the same word over and over (which would be pretty boring, too, huh?). Freds car is fast and powerful. But is such a vehicle legal? And dont hot rods like that pollute the air? We hiked from the meadow to the peak on Monday. Then we walked from the peak to the bluff Tuesday. It was quite a trek. Demonstrative Pronouns. These words include this, that, these, and those. They are useful for both direction and emphasis. It is a good idea to use a noun following a demonstrative pronoun (so instead of saying, "This is good," say, "This ice cream is good."). Some people suggest giving up salt on popcorn. This idea, however, is ridiculous. Yes, Air Profit is our best selling shoe. That brand, however, is sold out right now.   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