аЯрЁБс>ўџ 24ўџџџ1џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС'` №ПіbjbjLULU .(.?.?іџџџџџџЄІІІІІІІњtR R R R f nk8† И> > > > > > > ъьььььь$Ѓh ~І> > > > > ІІ> > %RRR> "І> І> ъR> ъRRzІІЦ> z  -v#ЬR ` Ž’ъ;0kš,‰ю Z‰Ц‰ІЦ$> > R> > > > > H > > > k> > > > nnnфR nnnR К$оіІІІІІІџџџџ Ten Rules of ASL Grammar  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "topic" Topic/Comment ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "time" Tense With Time ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "simple" Simple Yes/No ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "long" Long Yes/No ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "info" Information Seeking ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "pro" Pronominalization ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "rhet" Rhetorical ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "sentence" Ordering of Simple Sentences ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "condition" Conditional ||  HYPERLINK "http://west.salkeiz.k12.or.us/contract/American%20Sign%20Language/grammatical.html" \l "neg" Negation Just like most other languages, American Sign Language has a set of rules that it follows when being signed. You will be tested various times on your knowledge of the rules, as they are key to learning true ASL. A tool you can use to remember the rules is "TRIPSTONCL", you've probably heard about it in class, and it goes like this: Topic/Comment Rhetorical Information Seeking Pronominalization Simple Yes/No Tense With Time Ordering of Simple Sentences Negation Conditional Long Yes/No Below are the definitions of each grammatical rule, and an example of each written in English Gloss (and then put into English). Topic/Comment - In a simple topic/comment sentence, the topic is described first, followed by the comment. Example: HER MONEY LOST, SHE UPSET English: She's upset that she lost her money The topic was described first (her money was lost) and then the comment followed (she was upset). Tense with Time - The time sign is placed at the beginning or near the beginning of a sentences. Example: YESTERDAY, ME STAY HOME English: I stayed home yesterday. The time sign was "yesterday" and was located near the beginning of the sentence. Simple Yes/No - Short sentences that ask a yes/no question. The order of the signs varies. Example: EXERCISE YOU WANT YOU? with eyebrows raised English: Do you want to exercise? The sentence given was short and the answer would be a yes or a no; the order of the signs could be moved around as well and mean the same thing. Long Yes/No - Long yes/no questions, sometimes they use a topic/comment format. Example: CAT BLACK TREE CLIMB, YOUR? with eyebrows raised English: Is that black cat climbing the tree yours? The question was longer than that of a simple yes/no; the topic was described before the comment (which was the "your" part). Information Seeking - Simple questions that ask for information. They can have variable sentence structures, and rely sometimes on non-manual signals to distinguish them from a declarative sentence. Example: OLD++ YOU? with eyebrows squeezed English: How old are you? The question was short and simple, the sentence structure doesn't really have much to change though. Normally, non-manuals would be used in all three question situations. Pronominalization - Pronouns are indicated by pointing to either a person or thing that is present, or a place in the signing spage that is used as a referent point for a person or thing. Pointing is mostly done with the index finger, but eye gazing and other handshapes are sometimes used. Example: MY BROTHER VISIT-ME English: My brother is visiting me. In this case, the pronominalization was when "he" was used; you could either be pointing at the brother or a spot in your signing space to refer to as "he". Rhetorical - In a rhetorical question, the signer asks a question and then answers it. Example: ME KNOW ASL? YES. English: I know ASL. The signer asked his or her question, and then answered it; by doing so, we knew he or she knows ASL. Ordering of Simple Sentences - In simple sentences, the verb can be placed before or after the object of the sentence. Example: GAME ME PLAY English: I'm playing a game. The sentence was short and simple, and we were allowed to move around the verb and not have it change the sentence. Conditional - In a conditional sentence, the condition is described first, then the outcome of the condition is described. Example: SUPPOSE SHE SEE ME, ME HAVE-TO LEAVE English: I will have to leave if she sees me. In most conditional statements, the word "suppose" is used; the condition was said first (suppose she sees me), and then the outcome came afterward (I'll have to leave). Negation - You can negate a thought by placing a negative sign before the verb or by first describing a topic and then signing the appropriate negative sign, or by giving a negative head shake. Example: ME NOT WATCH FOOTBALL GAME. English: I'm not watching the football game. 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