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Decision Making Decision making can be difficult, especially in an emergency… F – Figure out the problem I - Identify possible solutions N – Name the pros & cons for each solution D – Decide which solution is best Legal Considerations Duty to act Standard of care Negligence Good Samaritan laws Consent Refusal of care Abandonment Confidentiality Documentation Duty to Act As a professional rescuer you have a duty to act at the scene of an emergency. Scope of Practice-you may act in w/in what you you were trained for Negligence Failing to provide care Providing care beyond your level of training Providing inappropriate care Failing to control or stop any behaviors that could result in further harm or injury Consent State your name Tell the victim you are trained to help & what level Ask the victim if you can help Explain what you planned to do Battery-touching a person without consent Refusal of Care Some injured or ill may refuse care You must honor their wishes A parent can refuse care for a minor Advanced Directives Written instructions regarding medical treatment: DNRs, living wills. Confidentiality- you may learn something about the victim that is private and confidential. Do not share this info, except with EMS personnel. Chapter 2 Preventing Injuries: Patron Safety Risk management identifying dangerous conditions/behaviors that can cause injury and then taking steps to minimize them. Preventive lifeguarding-Most time will be spent on trying to make sure emergencies don’t happen. Examples of Life-threatening Injuries Submersion (nonfatal/drowning) Injuries to the head, neck or back (spinal injuries) Unconsciousness Breathing emergencies Cardiac emergencies Severe bleeding Emergencies The two most serious aquatic emergencies to prevent are drowning and head, neck or back injuries. Drowning- happens when a person suffocates in the water. How are patrons informed of a potential injury at an aquatic facility? Rules and Regulations Lifeguards need to understand the rules and regulations of the facility where they work. Rules do not keep patrons from having fun, but are for everyone’s health and safety. Safety Checks Safety checks are conducted— Before opening the facility. During daily operations. At closing. If you find an unsafe an unsafe condition, correct it if possible before the facility opens. If you cannot correct the problem, tell the LG supervisor immediately. Safety Checks While you are conducting a safety check, you find a large crack on the pool deck near the deep end. You should— Answer: Close off the area and tell the lifeguard supervisor right away. Weather Conditions Lightning and thunderstorms happen more often in the summer. In the event of thunder and lightning, lifeguards should… Clear everyone from the water at the first sound of thunder or first sight of lightning. Patron Surveillance A lifeguard’s primary responsibility is to ensure patron safety and protect lives. The primary tool to accomplish that function is patron surveillance—keeping a close watch over people in the facility. You will spend most of your time on patron surveillance. You must be alert and attentive at all times Chapter 3 The RID Factor Most drownings at supervised swim areas happen when neither lifeguards nor patrons notice that a victim has slipped below the surface. RID Recognition Intrusion Distraction Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) EAPs are detailed plans describing everyone’s responsibilities in an emergency and should be in the facility’s policies and procedures manual. EAPs should be practiced regularly during orientation and in-service training sessions. 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