ࡱ>    5@  bjbj22 XX lllllllNNNNd Pd|Q^ccccfff$ɒRl{xe"f{x{xllcc#ϐ {xlclc {x 0 =V@llԉcpQ `h4?`Ne}vP 0\xÕۀÕԉllllÕlԉ$fj` 9npfff4d;Dd;Citing Internet Resources By: Mr. Schneider Class: Basic Computers  DATE \@ "MMMM d, yyyy" October 29, 2001 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Citing Sources on the internet  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.google.com/images/logo.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html" http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html The Elements of Citation Part 1 of The Columbia Guide to Online Style by Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor (Columbia UP, 1998) presents a guide to locating, translating, and using the elements of citation for both a humanities style (i.e., MLA and Chicago) and a scientific style (APA and CBE) for electronically-accessed sources. The unique element approach used makes this a useful reference book for citing electronic sources regardless of the specific bibliographic style you may be required to use. The primary elements of a bibliographic reference are the same for most styles of documentation,although the order in which they are presented may vary. These elements include the name of the author, the title, the place of publication, the publisher's name, the date of publication, and a designation of the location, or page number, of a reference. Many styles also include a designation of the publication medium. For electronic sources, however, some elements may be missing or must be translated into elements that make sense in a new era of publishing. For example, in place of an author's name, online authors may only use login names or aliases. Instead of a title, there may only be a file name. The place of publication and the name of the publisher are replaced online by the protocol and address, and, rather than a date of publication, the date you access the site may be the only means of designating the specific "edition" of an online work. On the WWW, a given site is always one page, regardless of its length. Pagination is thus an element of print publication that has little or no meaning in electronic documents or files. Since most Web browsers, word processing packages, and text editors allow the reader to search for specific words or phrases within a document, designating the location of a specific reference within an electronic document or file may be redundant. When in doubt, it is better to give too much information than too little. For more information, see The Columbia Guide to Online Style.  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "0" Back to top  Documenting Sources in the Text Parenthetical or in-text references to print publications usually include the author's last name and the page number of the reference (humanities styles) or the author's last name, the date of publication, and the page number of the reference (scientific styles). Often, for electronic sources, some or all of these elements may be missing. Thus, parenthetical references to electronic sources will usually include only an author's last name or, if no author's name is available, the file name, and, for scientific styles, the date of publication or the date of access if no publication date is available. For files with no designation of author or other responsible person or organization, include the file name in parentheses (i.e., cgos.html). For scientific styles with no designation of publication date or date of last revision or modification, include the date of access instead, in day-month-year format (i.e., 16 Aug. 1996). List navigational aids such as page, section, or paragraph numbers, if they are included in the original text, at the conclusion of the citation, separated by commas. For most electronic sources, however, navigational aids will not be included. In citations of print sources, subsequent references to the same work need not repeat the author's name, instead giving the different page number or location, if applicable. With electronic documents that are not paginated or otherwise delineated, however, repeating the author's name may be the only way to acknowledge when information is drawn from a given source. For a more complete discussion of parenthetical and in-text citations, see The Columbia Guide to Online Style.  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "0" Back to top  Preparing the Bibliographic Material Bibliographic listings of electronic sources follow the format for whatever style you are using for print sources, i.e., humanities styles, such as MLA or Chicago, or scientific styles, such as APA or CBE. The basic formats for citing electronic sources are: Humanities Style Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Document." Title of Complete Work [if applicable]. Version or File Number [if applicable]. Document date or date of last revision [if different from access date]. Protocol and address, access path or directories (date of access). Scientific Style Author's Last Name, Initial(s). (Date of document [if different from date accessed)]. Title of document. Title of complete work [if applicable]. Version or File number [if applicable]. (Edition or revision [if applicable]). Protocol and address, access path, or directories (date of access). For print publications, use the hanging indent feature of your word processor to format the bibliographic entries. Note that some word processors will automatically format Internet addresses, changing their color and underlining them. Use these defaults if available. For hypertext files, the hanging indent feature is not necessary; instead, bibliographies may be formatted using the list feature or by including an extra line space between entries. For more information, see Part 2 of The Columbia Guide. The following examples are grouped according to method of access, or protocol, which is a key element in locating and accessing electronic documents and files. This site provides the general format for each of these types of sources. For a more complete listing and further information, see The Columbia Guide to Online Style.   HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "208" 2.8 The World Wide Web (WWW)  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "209" 2.9 Email, Discussion Lists, and Newsgroups  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "210" 2.10 Information Available Using Gopher Protocols  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "211" 2.11 Information Available Using File Transfer Protocols (FTP)  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "212" 2.12 Information Available Using Telnet Protocols  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "213" 2.13 Synchronous Communication Sites  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "214" 2.14 Online Reference Sources  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "215" 2.15 Electronic Publications and Online Databases  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/" \l "216" 2.16 Software Programs and Video Games  2.8 The World Wide Web (WWW) Humanities Style To cite files available on the WWW, give the author's name, last name first (if known); the full title of the work, in quotation marks; the title of the complete work (if applicable), in italics; any version or file numbers; and the date of the document or last revision (if available). Next, list the protocol (e.g., "http") and the full URL, followed by the date of access in parentheses. Burka, Lauren P. "A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions." MUD History. 1993. http://www.utopia.com/talent/ lpb/muddex/essay (2 Aug. 1996). Scientific Style Give the author's last name and initials (if known) and the date of publication in parentheses. Next, list the full title of the work, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns; the title of the complete work or site (if applicable) in italics, again capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns; any version or file numbers, enclosed in parentheses; the protocol and address, including the path or directories necesssary to access the document; and finally the date accessed, enclosed in parentheses. Burka, L. P. (1993). A hypertext history of multi-user dimensions. MUD history. http://www.utopia.com/ talent/ lpb/muddex/essay (2 Aug. 1996).  2.9 Email, Discussion Lists, and Newsgroups Humanities Style Cite the author's name (if known) or the author's email or login name (the part of the email address before the @ sign), followed by the subject line of the posting, enclosed in quotation marks; the date of the message if different from the date accessed; and the name of the discussion list (if applicable), in italics. Next, give the address of the list, or the protocol and address of the newsgroup, followed by the date accessed in parentheses. Crump, Eric. "Re: Preserving Writing." Alliance for Computers and Writing Listserv. acw-l@ unicorn.acs.ttu.edu (31 Mar. 1995). Scientific Style Include the author's name and initials (if known) or the author's alias; the date of the message in parentheses, if different from the date accessed; and the subject line, only first word and proper nouns capitalized. For discussion lists and newsgroups, include the name of the list (if applicable), capitalized as just described and italicized; the list address; and the date accessed, in parentheses. Crump, E. Re: Preserving Writing. Alliance for Computers and Writing listserv. acw-l@unicorn. acs.ttu.edu (31 Mar. 1995).  2.10 Information Available Using Gopher Protocols Humanities Style List the author's name (if known), last name first; the title of the paper or file, enclosed in quotation marks; the title of the complete work (if applicable), in italics; and the date of publication (if known), including any previous publication information (if applicable). Include the protocol (i.e., "gopher"), the address, the gopher search path or directories followed to access the information (if applicable), and, in parentheses, the date the file was accessed (if applicable). African National Congress. "Human Rights Update for Week No. 10 from 5/3/96 to 11/3/97." gopher://gopher. anc.org.za: 70/00/hrc/1997/hrup97.10 (1 Jan. 1998). Scientific Style List the author's name (if known), last name first and then initials; the date of publication or last revision (if known), in parentheses; the title of the paper or file, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns; and the title of the complete work (if applicable), in italics and capitalized as just described. Include any previous publication information if applicable, then cite the protocol (i.e., "gopher"), the address, the gopher search path or directories followed to access the information; and, in parentheses immediately after the gopher path, the date accessed. Perry, T. The quick and dirty guide to Japanese. gopher://hoshi.cic.sfu.ca: 70/00/dlam/misc/Japanes.lang (12 Jun. 1997).  2.11 Information Available Using File Transfer Protocols (FTP) Humanities Style Give the author's name (if known), last name first; the full title (of a shorter work in quotation marks; of a larger work, in italics); and the document date (if available). Next, give the protocol (i.e., "ftp") and the full FTP address, including the full path needed to access the file. Last, list the date of access, enclosed in parentheses. Johnson-Eilola, Johndan. "Little Machines: Rearticulating Hypertext Users." 3 Dec. 1994. ftp://ftp.daedalus. com/pub/ CCCC95/johnson-eilola (14 Aug 1996). Scientific Style Give the author's last name and initials; the document date (if known), in parentheses; the title of the document or file; the title of the complete work (if applicable), in italics; any previous publication information; the protocol and address; the directory path; and, in parentheses, date of access. Johnson-Eilola, J. (1994). Little machines: Rearticulating hypertext users. ftp://ftp.daedalus. com/pub/ CCCC95/johnson-eilola (14 Aug. 1996).  2.12 Information Available Using Telnet Protocols Humanities Style List the author's name or alias, last name first (if known); the title of the work (if applicable), in quotation marks; the title of the full work or telnet site (if applicable), in italics; the date of publication or creation (if known); and finally the protocol (i.e., "telnet") and complete telnet address, any directions necessary to access the publication, and the date of the visit, enclosed in parentheses. Separate commands from the address with a single blank space. traci (#377). "DaedalusMOO Purpose Statement." WriteWell. telnet:// moo.daedalus.com:7777 help purpose (30 Apr. 1996). Scientific Style List the author's last name and initial(s) or alias (if known); the date of publication (if known and if different from the date accessed), in parentheses; the title of the work; the title of the site or complete work (if applicable), in italics; and the protocol and complete telnet address, including the port number (if applicable), any necessary directions to access the publication, and the date of the visit, enclosed in parentheses. traci (#377). DaedalusMOO purpose statement. WriteWell. telnet:// moo.daedalus.com:7777 help purpose (30 Apr. 1996).  2.13 Synchronous Communication Sites Humanities Style Include the name or alias of the author or speaker (if known); the type of communication (i.e., "Personal interview") or, for synchronous conferences, the session title (if applicable), enclosed in quotation marks; the site title (if applicable), in italics; the protocol and address, including any paths or directories, the command sequence (if applicable), and, in parentheses, the date of the conversation. Kiwi. "Playing the Jester Is Hard Work." DaMOO. telnet://damoo. csun.edu:7777 (4 Dec. 1996). Scientific Style Include the name or alias of the author or speaker (if known); the type of communication (e.g., Personal interview) or, for conferences, the session title; the site title (if applicable), in italics; the protocol and address, the command sequence (if applicable), and, in parentheses, the date of the conversation. Kiwi. Playing the jester is hard work. DaMOO. telnet://damoo. csun.edu:7777 (4 Dec. 1996).  2.14 Online Reference Sources Humanities Style Give the author's name (if known); the title of the article, in quotation marks; the title of the complete work, in italics; any print publication information, including the date; information concerning the online edition (if applicable); the name of the online service, in italics, or the protocol and address and the path or directories followed; and, in parentheses, the date of access. "Fine Arts." Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. 2nd ed. Ed. E. D. Hirsch, Jr., Joseph F. Kett, and James Trefil. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1993. INSO Corp. America Online. Reference Desk/Dictionaries/Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (20 May 1996). Scientific Style Give the author's last name and initials; the publication date (if known and if different from the date accessed); and the title of the article. Then cite the word "In," followed by the name(s) of the author(s) or editor(s) (if applicable) and, in italics, the title of the complete work; any previous print publication information (if applicable); identification of the online edition (if applicable); the name of the online service, in italics, or the protocol and address and the path followed to access the material; and, in parentheses, the date accessed. Fine arts. (1993). In E. D. Hirsch, Jr., J. F. Kett, & J. Trefil (Eds.), Dictionary of cultural literacy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. INSO Corp. America Online. Reference Desk/ Dictionaries/Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (20 May 1996).  2.15 Electronic Publications and Online Databases Humanities Style List the author's name, last name first (if known); the title of the article, in quotation marks; and the title of the software publication, in italics. Next, list any version or edition numbers or other identifying information, the series name (if applicable), and the date of publication. Finally, cite the name of the database (if applicable) and the name of the online serviceboth in italicsor the Internet protocol and address, any other publication information, the directory path followed (if applicable), and, in parentheses, the date accessed. Warren, Christopher. "Working to Ensure a Secure and Comprehensive Peace in the Middle East." U.S. Dept. of State Dispatch 7:14, 1 Apr. 1996. FastDoc. OCLC. File #9606273898 (12 Aug. 1996). Scientific Style List the author's last name and initials; the date of publication, in parentheses; the title of the article or file and, enclosed in parentheses, any identifying file or version numbers or other identifying information (if applicable); the title of the electronic database, in italics; the name of the online service, in italics, and access information or the protocol and address and any directory paths; and, in parentheses, the date accessed. Warren, C. (1996). Working to ensure a secure and comprehensive peace in the Middle East (U.S. Dept. of State Dispatch 7:14). FastDoc. OCLC (File #9606273898). (12 Aug. 1996).  2.16 Software Programs and Video Games Humanities Style Cite the name of the author or corporate author (if available); the title of the software program, in italics; the version number (if applicable and if not included in the software title); and the publication information, including the date of publication (if known). ID Software. The Ultimate Doom. New York: GT Interactive Software, 1995. Scientific Style Cite the last name and initials of the author (if available); the date of publication or release, in parentheses; the title of the software program or video game, in italics; the version number (if applicable and if not included in the software title), in parentheses; and the publication information. ID Software. (1993). The ultimate doom. NY: GT Interactive Software.  Contact the authors at  HYPERLINK "mailto:cgos@columbia.edu" cgos@columbia.edu. For more information and examples, see The Columbia Guide to Online Style by Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor (Columbia UP, 1998).  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/sales/sales.html" Ordering Information Last modified March 20, 2000 Columbia University Press X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X  HYPERLINK "http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html" http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/lefttop.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/redtriangle.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/spelling.html" Electronic Media Spelling Guide  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/redtriangle.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET Electronic References  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Removing Bias in Language  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/redtriangle.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/disabilities.html" Disabilities  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/redtriangle.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/sexuality.html" Sexuality  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/redtriangle.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/race.html" Race & Ethnicity  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/apastylelogo.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/index.html"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/stylehome.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/whatsnew.html"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/whatsnew.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/styletips.html"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/styletips-over.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/faqs.html"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/faqs.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/pubmanual.html"  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/publicationmanual.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/elecref_hd.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.apastyle.org/images/spacer.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  The following is excerpted from the new 5th edition of the Publication Manual. The material provided covers commonly asked questions regarding how to cite electronic media. Please note that there have been changes in APA's style guidelines for electronic resources with the publication of the 5th edition of the Publication Manual. Because electronic media change rapidly, we will update this page regularly as there are additions, changes, or clarifications to APA style.  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HYPERLINK "http://www.classroom.com/profile/becomemember01.jhtml;jsessionid=MPX4PU5EWRIVTQFIAJICM4Q" Sign up for your Free Membership and get instant access to Free Trial Subscriptions! Learn about  HYPERLINK "http://www.classroom.com/login/memberbenefits.jhtml;jsessionid=MPX4PU5EWRIVTQFIAJICM4Q" Member Benefits.  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.classroom.com/images/clear.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.classroom.com/images/community/connectedteacher/com_conn_teacher_TOPheader2.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.classroom.com/images/community/connectedteacher/com_citing_head.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET   INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.classroom.com/images/clear.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Just as students need to cite the books and periodicals they use to support their research, they must also cite online sources of information. Classroom Connect developed the following method to help students cite Internet sources as accessed through their Internet browsers. This method makes it easy for educators to check the veracity of every online source their students cite. We've also included new information specifying how to cite the graphics, sounds, and video clips students retrieve for use in their multimedia presentations. EMAIL Structure: Sender of email message . Subject line of the message. Date of message (day, month, year). Email recipient . Example: Meredith, Paige . "RE: Museums in Paris." 17 August 2001. Christine Borror . WORLD WIDE WEB Structure: Author or originator. Title of item. [Online] Date of document or download (day, month, year). URL . Example: U.S. Census Bureau. "American FactFinder: Facts About My Community." [Online] 17 August 2001. < HYPERLINK "http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/BasicFactsServlet" \t "_new" http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/BasicFactsServlet>. ONLINE IMAGES Structure: Author or originator. Description or title of image. [Online image] Date of document or download (day, month, year). URL . Example: USGS. "Map: Major Volcanoes in Ecuador." [Online image] 17 August 2001. < HYPERLINK "http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Ecuador/Maps/map_ecuador_volcanoes.html" \t "_new" http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Ecuador/Maps/map_ecuador_volcanoes.html>. ONLINE SOUNDS Structure: Author or originator. Description or title of sound. [Online sound] Date of document or download (day, month, year). URL . Example: Jussi Bjorling Home Page. "Di quella pira," aria from Il Travatore, by Guiseppe Verdi. [Online sound] 30 November 1999. < HYPERLINK "http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/Strasse/3468/bjorling.htm" \t "_new" http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/Strasse/3468/bjorling.htm>. ONLINE VIDEO CLIPS Structure: Author or originator. Description or title of video clip. [Online video clip] Date of document or download (day, month, year). URL . Example: Zoological Society of San Diego. "Indian Rhino Calf Born at Park," e-zoo videos, San Diego Zoo. [Online video clip] 17 August 2001. < HYPERLINK "http://www.sandiegozoo.com/virtualzoo/videos/index.html" \t "_new" http://www.sandiegozoo.com/virtualzoo/videos/index.html>. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Structure: Author or originator. Title of item. [Online] Date of document or download (day, month, year). URL . Example: Oppenheimer, Frank. "Exhibit Collection and Design at the San Francisco Exploratorium Museum." [Online] 1 December 1999. < HYPERLINK "ftp://ftp.exploratorium.edu/pub/publications/Exhibit_Conception_And_Design" \t "_new" ftp://ftp.exploratorium.edu/pub/publications/Exhibit_Conception_And_Design>. USENET NEWSGROUPS Structure: Author or originator. Title of item. [Online] Date of document or download (day, month, year). URL . Example: Google Groups. "Plato's Real Name." [Online] 17 August 2001. < HYPERLINK "http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&safe=off&th=e19ab821b99e42ee,6" \t "_new" http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&safe=off&th=e19ab821b99e42ee,6>. CITATION SOURCES American Psychological Association. APA Style of Citation: Electronic Sources. [Online] 16 August 2001. < HYPERLINK "http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html" \t "_new" http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html> Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 1999. < HYPERLINK "http://www.mla.org/" \t "_new" http://www.mla.org> McCullen, Carolyn. "The Electronic Thread," Middle Ground Oct. 1999: 7-9 and 52. < HYPERLINK "http://www.nmsa.org" \t "_new" http://www.nmsa.org>.  HYPERLINK "http://www.classroom.com/community/connection/connectednewsletter/index.jhtml;jsessionid=MPX4PU5EWRIVTQFIAJICM4Q" Read more articles...  HYPERLINK "http://www.classroom.com/store/storehome.jhtml;jsessionid=MPX4PU5EWRIVTQFIAJICM4Q" Click here for information on subscribing to the Classroom Connect Newsletter, or call 1-800-638-1639 to begin your subscription today!  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X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm" http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm INTERNET CITATION GUIDES Citing Electronic Sources in Research Papers and Bibliographies Updated: March 7, 2001 Many research resources are available from the Internet in various electronic formats. Formally citing such resources, as with any research resource, is a necessary part of the completed work. Citation formats for Internet resources are still in development but there are many Internet sites that offer acceptable interpretations of guidelines in several styles such as APA, CBE, Chicago, MLA, and Turabian. A selection of these sites is listed below, organized by style. Most (but not all) of the sites include formats and/or examples of citations. Styles:  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "APA" APA (American Psychological Association)  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "CBE" CBE (Council of Biology Editors)  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Chicago" Chicago  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "MLA" MLA (Modern Language Association)  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Turabian" Turabian  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Other" Other Styles and Resources (including APSA and NLM)  APA (American Psychological Association) Style:  HYPERLINK "http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html" APA Official Site: How to Cite Information From the Internet and the World Wide Web from the APA (American Psychological Association). This site is based on information from the journal section of the official APA Web site. http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.westwords.com/guffey/apa.html" APA Style Electronic Formats by Dr. Mary Ellen Guffey of Westwords, Inc. This site focuses on a style appropriate for business writers using APA. http://www.westwords.com/guffey/apa.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html" Columbia Guide to Online Style by English professors Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor. This site includes formats and examples for a variety of electronic resources in many styles. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html  HYPERLINK "http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html" Documenting Electronic Sources from Purdue's fine On-line Writing Lab (OWL). This site contains additional links to citations in different disciplines, links to other resources about citing Internet resources, and overviews of different styles. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html  HYPERLINK "http://web.utk.edu/~hoemann/whats.html" Electronic Style--What's Here by George Hoemann of the School of Information Sciences at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. This site contains several styles and many links to related material and citation guides by discipline. http://web.utk.edu/~hoemann/whats.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.html" Using APA Style to Cite and Document Sources from  HYPERLINK "http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/index.html" the Web site for the book Online!: A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources by Andrew Harnack, an English professor, and Eugene Kleppinger, a software consultant. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.beadsland.com/weapas/" Web Extension to American Psychological Association Style (WEAPAS) by T. "Beads" Land, an information landscaper. This site contains proposed standards for referencing online documents in scientific publications. It does not include formats or examples. http://www.beadsland.com/weapas/  HYPERLINK "http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html" Writer's Handbook: Documentation Styles produced by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. This site includes examples for several styles. http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Top" Return to top  CBE (Council of Biology Editors) Style:  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html" Columbia Guide to Online Style by English professors Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor. This site includes formats and examples for a variety of electronic resources in many styles. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite8.html" Using CBE Style to Cite and Document Sources from  HYPERLINK "http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/index.html" the Web site for the book Online!: A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources by Andrew Harnack, an English professor, and Eugene Kleppinger, a software consultant. This site offers guidelines reproduced electronically from the 1994 CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite8.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html" Writer's Handbook: Documentation Styles produced by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. This site includes examples for several styles. http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Top" Return to top  Chicago Style:  HYPERLINK "http://www.lib.memphis.edu/gpo/citeweb.htm" Brief Guide to Citing Government Publications from the Government Publications Department Regional Depository Library at the University of Memphis. This site includes examples of print resources, also. Scroll down for electronic materials. http://www.lib.memphis.edu/gpo/citeweb.htm  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html" Columbia Guide to Online Style by English professors Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor. This site includes formats and examples for a variety of electronic resources in many styles. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html  HYPERLINK "http://web.utk.edu/~hoemann/whats.html" Electronic Style--What's Here by George Hoemann of the School of Information Sciences at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. This site contains several styles and many links to related material and citation guides by discipline. http://web.utk.edu/~hoemann/whats.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite7.html" Using Chicago Style to Cite and Document Sources from  HYPERLINK "http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/index.html" the Web site for the book Online!: A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources by Andrew Harnack, an English professor, and Eugene Kleppinger, a software consultant. This site offers guidelines based on The Chicago Manual of Style. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite7.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html" Writer's Handbook: Documentation Styles produced by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. This site includes examples for several styles. http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Top" Return to top  MLA (Modern Language Association) Style:  HYPERLINK "http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/cite.html" Citing Electronic Sources from the Library of Congress. This site includes different styles. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/cite.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html" Columbia Guide to Online Style by English professors Janice R. Walker and Todd Taylor. This site includes formats and examples for a variety of electronic resources in many styles. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html  HYPERLINK "http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html" Documenting Electronic Sources from Purdue's fine On-line Writing Lab (OWL). This site contains additional links to citations in different disciplines, links to other resources about citing Internet resources, and overviews of different styles. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html  HYPERLINK "http://web.utk.edu/~hoemann/whats.html" Electronic Style--What's Here by George Hoemann of the School of Information Sciences at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. This site contains several styles and many links to related material and citation guides by discipline. http://web.utk.edu/~hoemann/whats.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.mla.org/" MLA Style from the MLA - click on the link to MLA Style and go to the Frequently Asked Questions. The guidelines are the only ones available on the Internet that are authorized by the MLA (Modern Language Association of America). http://www.mla.org/  HYPERLINK "http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite5.html" Using MLA Style to Cite and Document Sources from  HYPERLINK "http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/index.html" the Web site for the book Online!: A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources by Andrew Harnack, an English professor, and Eugene Kleppinger, a software consultant. This site offers guidelines based on the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers and the MLA Web site (listed above). http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite5.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html" Writer's Handbook: Documentation Styles produced by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. This site includes examples for several styles. http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Top" Return to top  Turabian Style:  HYPERLINK "http://h-net2.msu.edu/~africa/citation.html" A Brief Citation Guide for Internet Sources in History and the Humanities by Melvin E. Page, writing for "H-AFRICA Humanities On-Line" and the History Department at the University of Natal at Durban, South Africa. http://h-net2.msu.edu/~africa/citation.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.lib.memphis.edu/gpo/citeweb.htm" Brief Guide to Citing Government Publications from the Government Publications Department Regional Depository Library at the University of Memphis. This site includes examples of print resources, also. Scroll down for electronic materials. http://www.lib.memphis.edu/gpo/citeweb.htm  HYPERLINK "http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/cite.html" Citing Electronic Sources from the Library of Congress. This site includes different styles. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/cite.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html" Writer's Handbook: Documentation Styles produced by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. This site includes examples for several styles. http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Top" Return to top  Other Styles and Resources:  HYPERLINK "http://www.cc.emory.edu/WHSCL/citation.formats.html" Citation Formats hosted by Emory University Health Sciences Center Library. This site offers a list of references and links to citation resources. Examples of citation formats are not available on this page, but they are available through some of the resources listed here. http://www.cc.emory.edu/WHSCL/citation.formats.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.people.memphis.edu/~mcrouse/elcite.html" Citing Electronic Information in History Papers by Maurice Crouse, a History professor. This site is very long and detailed with an introductory essay about the history of electronic citations and a bibliography with links. Crouse synthesizes APA, Chicago, MLA, Turabian styles, and other ways of citing Internet resources to develop his own system (which is based most strongly on Turabian). http://www.people.memphis.edu/~mcrouse/elcite.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.quinion.com/words/articles/citation.htm" Citing Online Sources by Michael Quinion, creator of the Web site "World Wide Words." It is not clear what style is used here. There are links to related materials, also. http://www.quinion.com/words/articles/citation.htm  HYPERLINK "http://www.ub.es/biblio/citae-e.htm" Cmo citar recursos electrnicos by Assumpci Estivill and Cristobal Urbano. This site is in Spanish. http://www.ub.es/biblio/citae-e.htm  HYPERLINK "http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html" Documenting Electronic Sources from Purdue's fine On-line Writing Lab (OWL). This site contains additional links to citations in different disciplines, links to other resources about citing Internet resources, and overviews of different styles. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html  HYPERLINK "http://web.utk.edu/~hoemann/whats.html" Electronic Style--What's Here by George Hoemann of the School of Information Sciences at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. This site contains several styles and many links to related material and citation guides by discipline. http://web.utk.edu/~hoemann/whats.html  HYPERLINK "http://jama.ama-assn.org/info/auinst_req.html" JAMA Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals hosted by JAMA. This site offers guidelines based on citations used by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) in Index Medicus. It also includes citations for print resources. Look for the link "References" followed by the type of document. http://jama.ama-assn.org/info/auinst_req.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html" Writer's Handbook: Documentation Styles produced by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. This site includes examples for several styles (including APSA - the American Political Science Association). http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/Documentation.html  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/" \l "Top" Return to top  University of Wisconsin-Madison, Memorial Library Please send comments and questions to:  HYPERLINK "MAILTO:sbarribeau@library.wisc.edu" sbarribeau@library.wisc.edu Compiled by: Susan Barribeau Reorganized and updated by: Jessica Baumgart Last update: December 7, 2000 The URL of this document is: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/citing.htm   HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/memref.htm" Memorial Library Reference Dept. |  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial/images/lampicon.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/Memorial" Memorial Library Home Page |  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.library.wisc.edu/pictures/eliblogo.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  HYPERLINK "http://www.library.wisc.edu" University of Wisconsin Libraries CD\]mns$ ' * + k l m  pظحؗzzzzzzlal *h OJQJ^J *hH[heOJQJ^JhH[he6OJQJ]^JhH[heOJQJ^JhH[he5OJQJ\^J he0Jj"heUjheUheOJQJ^JjheOJQJU^JhehH[hH[B* CJ4aJ4phhH[mHnHujhH[UhH[&,Coqrs( ) * _~ & Fdd[$\$[$\$ & Fdd[$\$ pY{~#$=Fȼ֮֡֔ȼֆ֡֔֔֔֔֔րxohe0J6]heCJaJ he0Jj$heOJQJU^Jhe6OJQJ]^Jhe5OJQJ\^Jj/$heOJQJU^Jhe0JOJQJ^JjheOJQJU^JheOJQJ^J *hH[heOJQJ^J! *hH[he6OJQJ]^J'@RE !!!"t""B####b%&"(((( & Fdd[$\$dd[$\$]^[$\$FGXjk)*?@QRrs$%BCbc% & B C E F Թԫԫԫԫԫhe0JOJQJ^JjheOJQJU^Jjg%heOJQJU^Jhe6OJQJ]^JheOJQJ^JheCJaJ he0Jhe0J6]he6CJ]aJ> !!!!"!]!^!!!!!!! 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