ࡱ> <>;7 bjbjUU "7|7| &l  $ ~!2    $" $#! "   #! 78!  48  T O   J4 vK X N!0~!6% X%  Correspondence Theory of Truth Bertrand Russells argument for the correspondence theory of truth The truth or falsehood of a belief (proposition, statement) depends on its relationship to something that lies outside the belief (propositions, statements) itself. If 1 is true, then truth is agreement between beliefs (propositions, statements) and facts. Therefore, truth is agreement between beliefs (propositions, statements) and factsi.e., the correspondence theory of truth is correct.  Questions, Problems: What are facts? What does it mean for a belief (proposition, statement) to agree with (correspond to) a fact? What facts do negative beliefs (propositions, statements)e.g., The owl is not perched on the branchagree with (correspond to)? What facts do true logical and mathematical beliefs (propositions, statements) agree with (correspond to)? Coherence Theory of Truth Considerations Supporting the Coherence Theory of Truth In logic and mathematics, we accept a proposition as true if it is consistent with and fits together with other propositions that we already accept as true. Scientists typically decide whether or not to accept a particular theory on the basis of whether it is consistent with the preponderance of the evidence and background information rather than whether the theory agrees with each individual fact. Problems for the Coherence Theory of Truth Not every consistent set of beliefs (propositions, statements) are true. Our initial beliefs cannot be true just because of their relation to other beliefs (since other beliefs do not exist when our initial beliefs are formed). Pragmatic Theory of Truth 2 pragmatists: William James and Richard Rorty James An idea is true if it is one that we can assimilate, validate, corroborate, and verify. An idea is verified or validated if, together with the acts and other ideas that it instigates, its impact on our experience is progressive, harmonious, satisfactory. Truth happens to an idea. It becomes true, is made true by events. Rorty The notion of truth as correspondence to reality is one that we would be better off without. We would be better off with an ethnocentric view of well-justified beliefi.e., belief that satisfies the familiar procedures of justification which a given society, ours, uses in one or another area of inquiries. Argument against pragmatic theories of truth Not all beliefs, ideas, etc. that are useful in solving practical problems turn out to be true. (e.g., the geocentric view of the solar system, Newtonian mechanics) Therefore, truth cannot be explained in terms of the usefulness of beliefs, ideas, etc. in solving practical problems. Therefore, pragmatic theories of truth are incorrect. The owl is perched on the branch. dxc w   Z  jCJ UjCJUmHnHuCJ 6CJ ] 5CJ \( d ezuvwxkb c  & F 8^ & F 8^ & F h^h$a$c u v w %    } Y Z - & F ^ & F 8^ & F 8^$a$ & F ^^ & F ^^ 1h/ =!"#$%g Dd z  C VA>C:\My Documents\owlbranch3.bmpb !)$>ՁĴgu Dnm !)$>ՁĴgPNG  IHDRqPsRGB@}0PLTEO&I pHYs+ IDATx * @G iμۊB~G ~|?o>~?7?|19M|M#ܳB!G _ 9r ̒5Uu'hW'\rzLږ A([h+ʙhZSŢ#(Ea\ch'$;Mrhࢲoe'3ٰ,#w95ɣnD%kX6EhV>? -"Jw{{7x%aP[ X>V=?V<9}PruI!a%/I6P#O599 8l6F\Hn6=v@ᣮĴEm|fR$ m6xDi-,ohZXF^|ɣ`#9&t K<%c MJ[t!K8w:GAs=3m;$9q *¾gtLξ/';G|sz~UG2Ǟ5/ggwBGwQ6y!uwjbQr Iʢ{w A+ZviT[Q^U[鄶HA&yvv"ͬY2 򒨽H沪{&dz!TgY L]-ȠJZw,"ǖ9_H4NT7=/בya%KHw%~u"xHČR37iA^DRE219#3K%s ar[7qhIR(.^Ip9(:@frQЏٶ1$vdr CQ[Y3${ HZs2V{]OtJB6N1R4iO[=b^#bF!@,Iqw[Mc@[?Ny]OVtʼnEtse!/19U[ DW={NG*Z1bj; r:"I6 qON#Q•j ک iȇ%f vQ7Mn{(]XL9#G(BO}(9-|{GGVl^07t?DN@}H[T_=M 4V0E$"wZ{丿^:d?-yGM1gC|ǿ#?qI\ 14p_m ٱ/ Zc秅 '}IjE\ |=O^{% ~B}%I גu_L9m/oZw 9QFҹoGvsq\g:/X2עk-rEX:UHP rJT">4wܓ2`$V??s$9O$ Ds2        >s2        >s2        >s2        >s2        @ E  @@UnknownG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Arial?5 :Courier New;Wingdings"qhzz !20d 2QCorrespondence Theory of TruthMTU Humanities DepartmentMTU Humanities Department Oh+'0 <H d p |Correspondence Theory of TruthiorrMTU Humanities DepartmentruTU TU NormalaMTU Humanities Departmentru2U Microsoft Word 9.0r@F#@@  ՜.+,D՜.+,\ hp  MTU - Humanitiest  Correspondence Theory of Truth Title 8@ _PID_HLINKSAxC:\My Documents\owlbranch3.bmp  !"#$%&'()*,-./012456789:=Root Entry F`d4?Data 1Table%WordDocument"SummaryInformation(+DocumentSummaryInformation83CompObjjObjectPool`d4`d4  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q