ࡱ> WYV \bjbjcTcT .>>\  #07(____:::Mt:::::__|||: __|:|||_uD |0|cN.c|c|0::|:::::|:::::::c::::::::: : Sound Energy Vocabulary Words Sound energy: energy that comes from vibrating particles Wave: disturbance that carries energy through matter or through empty space Vibration: small, rapid (quick) back and forth movement Medium (plural: media): any matter that waves travel through Mechanical wave: waves that HAVE to have a medium they cant travel through empty space Longitudinal wave: waves in which the particles of the medium vibrate back and forth along the same direction as the wave flows  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.visionlearning.com/library/modules/mid102/Image/VLObject-2137-030819010800.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Compression: the areas where the particles of a longitudinal wave bunch up (are compressed) Rarefaction: the areas where the particles of a longitudinal wave are sparse (are rare) Wavelength: the space from the middle of one compression to the middle of the compression next door to it  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.gcsescience.com/Longitudinal-Wave.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Wave speed: how fast the wave travels Frequency: the number of waves in a certain period of time, for instance, 20 waves per second Hertz: the units we use to measure frequency 20 waves per second would be 20 Hertz (Hz) because one hertz is equal to one wave per second Pitch: how high or low the sound is; in music, a baritone has a lower pitch than a soprano; in the Spongebob cartoon, Spongebob has a high pitched voice, while Patrick has a low pitched voice Amplitude: in sound, this determines how LOUD the sound is Decibel: the units we use to measure how loud the sound is; it is abbreviated dB; a whisper is about 20 decibels, normal talking is about 60 decibels and a chainsaw is about 100 decibels Reflection: the bouncing back of a sound wave after it hits a surface; echoes in the gym are caused by the sound waves bouncing off the walls, ceiling and floor Sonar: a machine that uses reflected sound (echoes) to locate things; ships use it to find icebergs Ultrasonography: you might know this as ultrasounds. These are machines that use reflected sound waves to see inside a persons body; pregnant ladies often have ultrasounds to see the fetus inside growing Resonance: when the vibrations of one object causes another object to also vibrate. Youve seen film of people shattering a glass with their voices? This is resonance. Constructive Interference: when the compression of one wave overlap the compression of another wave or waves. This increases amplitude. Destructive Interference: when the compression of one wave overlap the rarefaction of another wave. The resulting wave has a smaller amplitude that the original waves had. Honors only: Tempanic membrane: the eardrum, a small piece of skin that is stretched over the ear canal, when you hear me in class, air particles are hitting the tempanic membrane Hammer, anvil and stirrup: three very small bones in the middle ear that carry the vibrations to the inner ear Cochlea: a small snail-shaped organ that turns the mechanical energy (the vibration) into electrical energy, which the brain then interprets as sound  -/`b ~    c)6\ȼشآآhSOJQJ^Jj&hBUjhBUhBCJOJQJaJjhBCJOJQJUaJhBOJQJ^Jh5OJQJ\^JhB5OJQJ\^JhB Z[ ! | } < =     . / $a$/   |}cdST\,1h/ =!"#$% &DdD|  S XA6VLObject-2137-030819010800Figure 1 - Figure 1: A longitudinal wave, made up of compressions - areas where particles are close together - and rarefactions - areas where particles are spread out. 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