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Bridgett Blackburn
Pirates
Context and Rationale
Unit Title: Pirates
Subject: Cultural Understanding
Brief Description of Student Population: 21 kindergarteners
Desired Results: Students will begin to understand the components of cultural identity and the relationship between environment and behavior.
Essential Questions:
How do people become who they are?
What is a culture?
What is normal behavior on pirate ships? In class? At home? Is it different?
Acceptable Evidence:
Students will brainstorm group norms for student behavior in the classroom
Students will be able to articulate verbally in class what is normal behavior at home
Students will create an art project showing what pirates saw out the windows (portholes) of their ships
Students will draw what they see out the window at home and at school.
Students will act like pirates in a role playing experience.
Learning Experiences and Instruction:
Teacher will read several picture books about pirates.
Teacher will introduce facts about real pirates.
Teacher will support students as they examine resources for information about pirates.
Teacher will lead a discussion regarding what is normal pirate behavior.
Teacher will lead a discussion regarding what is normal behavior in the classroom.
Teacher will assist students in comparing and contrasting pirate behavior and kindergarten behavior.
Students will engage in a role playing experience where they act like pirates.
Students will complete artwork showing what a pirate would have seen out of his porthole.
Students will complete artwork illustrating what they see out the window at school.
Students will complete a drawing regarding what they see out of their window at home.
Teacher will lead a discussion of what is normal behavior at home, focusing on cultural similarities and differences
Assessment
Teacher will look for differences in students artwork between what pirates would have seen out of portholes, what students see out the windows at school, and what students see out the window at home.
Teacher will listen for student understanding of the similarities and differences between norms at home and at school.
Teacher will listen for student understanding of some of the elements of identity.
Teacher will ask students about information gathering skills after completion of the unit.
Resources and Materials
How I Became a Pirate by David Shannon
Tough Boris by Mem Fox
Edward and the Pirates by David McPhail
Shiver Me Timbers by Chris Brown
Pirates Past Noon Mary Pope Osborne
Research book for Pirates Past Noon Magic Tree House Research Guide: Pirates by Will and Mary Pope Osborn
Eyewitness Books: Pirates
Pirates and Treasure by Saviour Pirotta
Pirates (Fact or Fiction series) by Stewart Ross
Pirates! By David Spence
Pirates by Philip Steele
The Pirates Eye by Robert Priest
Other books, websites, and videos as chosen
Art supplies for art projects
Appendix
Worksheets
Standards Addressed by this Unit
Unit Plan Write up
Pirates
Bridgett Blackburn
Key Concepts: Cultural and group norms
Environment and behavior
Research skills
Generalizations: Socialization: All characteristically human behavior is learned from other human beings through group interaction.
Groups: People live in social groups. The group exerts social control over individual members.
Culture: Every society consists of a human-made system of artifacts, beliefs, and behavior patterns.
Objectives: Students will begin to understand cultural and/or group norms.
Students will begin to understand personal and cultural identity.
Students will begin using research skills for information gathering.
Social Science Disciplines: Anthropologyculture
Sociologyroles and identity
GeographyEnvironmental perception
NCSS Standards: Time, Continuity and Change, People, Places and Environments, Individuals, Groups, and Institutions, Global Connections, Culture, Individual development and identity,
Washington State EALRs: History #1
Geography #3
Communication #2
Grade Level: Kindergarten
Initiation Activities: Teacher will begin the unit by reading fiction picture books about pirates. Most of these books illustrate stereotypical pirate behavior. Teacher will initiate discussions about what behaviors pirates are known for and what about living on a ship and being a thief helped create these behaviors. Over several days students and teacher will create a list of pirate behaviors; that is, group norms for pirates.
Development Activities: One series of activities is designed to support perspective taking. Students will brainstorm about what pirates would have been likely to see if they looked out the portholes on their ships. Students will then be asked to create an art project resembling a porthole and view. Subsequently, students will be asked about what they would be likely to see looking out a window at school. Students will be asked to create an art project replicating what they would see out the window at school. Finally, students will be asked to create a drawing of what they see out their window at home. This project is designed to be done at home, but because of the low family support for some of the students, time will be given in class to finish this project. Students will then be asked to look at the different pictures and come up with similarities and differences between the point of view of pirates, students, and children at home.
In the other series of lessons, students will be lead through an investigation of what constitutes real pirate behaviors and what is likely fictionalized. Students will look in books, dictionaries, videos, and on the internet with the teacher to determine fact (non-fiction) and fiction. A chart will be made indicating what students and teacher discovered. Students will then be asked to engage in a role playing activity demonstrating real pirate behavior.
Formative assessment activity: In addition to looking at the artwork created by the students and looking for correct perspective, teacher will introduce a drama activity. Students will be asked to act out being pirates on a pirate ship based on the research discovered and the list of real pirate behaviors. Teacher will watch each childs performance looking for correct behaviors.
Culminating activity: Teacher will begin discussions regarding normal kindergarten behavior through the lens of real pirate behavior. Students will be asked to verbally suggest ideas about group norms for kindergarten. Teacher will generate a list of normal kindergarten behavior. Teacher will then support students as they contrast this with their behavior at home. Teacher will create a chart of normal class behavior versus normal home behavior. This will lead to a discussion of roles. Students will be asked to use a simple Venn Diagram to draw one home behavior, one school behavior, and one behavior that is common to both.
Culminating assessment: Teacher will look at students Venn Diagrams looking for correct behaviors in the correct places to determine if students have a rudimentary understanding of their roles and behaviors in various places and situations.
Rationale:
Early in the school year, I was trying to help a student understand his lunch account number. I explained in my limited Spanish the process. He looked at me like I had grown an extra head. I thought for a moment that perhaps he didnt speak Spanish at home. I asked, Dont you speak Spanish at home? He replied, Yes, but I speak English at school! Boy, I felt put in my place. It started me thinking, once again, about the multitude of cultures that are represented in schools today.
According to the Seattle Post-Intelligencer on Wednesday November 29, 2006, there are 47 million people in the United States that speak a language other than English. Further, 21 million people speak English less than very well. Three million of those homes are linguistically isolated where all members 14 years and older have at least some difficulty with English ( Moscoso, 2006, p A7). The majority of these children will attend public schools. Therefore, it is essential that the public school curriculum acknowledge, affirm, and value all of the cultures represented within a classroom. Banks (2004) states that [a] major goal of multicultural education, as stated by specialists in the field, is to reform the schools and other educational institutions so that students from diverse racial, ethnic, and social-class groups will experience educational equality. (p. 3). This unit is one tool to use to assist students and teachers with the understanding that can lead to such change.
The unit itself is divided into two main parts. The first series of activities is geared toward an understanding of culture. Banks and Banks (1999) define culture in this way: every society consists of a human-made system of artifacts, beliefs, and behavior patterns (p. 327). This unit focuses on the culture of pirates as an entry point for an examination of culture, personal identity, and roles and their relationship to environment. The primary goal is to assist students in understanding that behavior is a product of culture and role expectations and, consequently, to have a beginning understanding of the diversity of cultures that exist in the classroom.
The overarching idea is to use a fun topic, pirates, to introduce students to the idea of group norms, stereotyping, and prejudice. Banks and Banks (1999) indicate that [a]nthropologists have discovered that the language systems of cultures reveal much about their beliefs, ideology, and behavioral patterns (p. 315). Therefore, language is a perfect entry point into another culture. The unit begins by looking at the language attributed to pirates and why pirates might have used such language. For example, many pirate terms are nautical terms and old English combined. That is, the environment within which pirates lived influenced the language used within this culture. Further, students will be exposed to pirate rules and beliefs as it relates to their behavior. Students should leave this part of the unit with an understanding of culture and the influence of environment on culture.
Initially, this unit is a concept attainment lesson (Parker, 2001, p.264). That is, the teacher will inform students about the attributes and then provide examples and nonexamples and help the students distinguish between them ( p. 265). The concept the students will be learning is cultural relativism. Simply put, cultural relativism is exploring the relationship between two or more cultures. According to Banks and Banks (1999), cultural relativism means we can gain full understanding of the behavior within a group only if we look at it from the perspective of that groups culture (p. 326). Further, they discuss the potential problem with cultural relativism when it becomes a moral judgment of another group, rather than a means of understanding. Banks and Banks (2004) quote Swartz and Jordan saying: being able to understand the forces that influence behavior is one thing and evaluating that behavior is quite another. Cultural relativism, seen as an intellectual tool, is very different from cultural relativism as an instrument of moral judgment (p. 326). Therefore, an objective of this unit is to use cultural relativism as an intellectual tool. Students will not judge pirate behavior; only learn about it and its roots in the pirate environment.
When students have an understanding of cultural relativism, the lesson can move on to knowledge construction. Knowledge construction is derived from an inquiry approach to learning in which students are asked to discover connections on their own or with some teacher support. Students will be able to develop a personal notion of culture. According to Banks and Banks (1999), this is an important dimension of multicultural education. They explain the knowledge construction process in multicultural education in this way: The knowledge construction process relates to the extent to which teachers help students understand, investigate, and determine how the implicit cultural assumptions, frames of reference, perspectives, and biases within a discipline influence the ways in which knowledge is constructed within it (p. 5). The unit teaches the skills needed for the knowledge construction process. It will set the foundation that will eventually allow students to engage in the knowledge construction process within any discipline they study.
While pirates did engage in some of the behaviors and word choices that are attributed to them, not all are accurate. The students will have an opportunity to look at a group of people objectively. By first learning about cultural relativism through looking at a culture that is so different from their own and then turning their attention back to themselves, my hope is that students might gain some objectivity when examining their own behavior. The idea is that they will begin examining their behavior in different situations and see that their behavior is different in different environments. Therefore, they will attain a working knowledge of the relationship between environment and behavior. In addition to teaching children about the effect of environment on behavior, one of the main goals in this part of the unit is prejudice reduction. Prejudice reduction according to Banks (2004) is when lessons are designed to help students develop democratic attitudes, values, and behaviors (p. 10). If students can learn to look to culture to explain anothers behavior rather than relying on worn stereotypes, students will gain understanding as opposed to prejudicial attitudes. Contrary to popular opinion, according to Banks (2004), children are aware of racial differences by the age of three, and childrens racial attitudes are formed early in life (p. 16). Therefore, it is critical to begin the process of prejudice reduction as early as possible in a childs education. This unit is designed to address this important issue.
The second part of the unit really focuses on teaching students about different perspectives or frames of reference. In addition to teaching perspective, this part of the unit will address the important issue raised by Armanti (2005) of the teaching of cultures in a static way. When schools use holidays, dress, or food as a method to introduce culture, they are teaching children that culture is something fixed and immutable. This special event approach to culture ignores and devalues the everyday experiences of many minoritized and immigrant students in our country (p. 131). This unit intends to portray a realistic picture of culture as a changing evolving concept that is a part of all of our lives on a daily basis. In the art activities outlined, the students will have a chance to compare and contrast what different people see. I have found a great childrens book, called The Pirates Eye by Robert Priest, which examines the idea of perspective in a unique way. I will use this book to begin this part of the lesson. Using a powerful story to hook children strongly allows a teacher to open the door to genuine involvement in social studies education (Edwards & Queen, 2002 p. 36). Students will start by understanding perspective from the outside, and then look at their own behavior in different situations. In this way, they will begin to understand the effect of environment and roles in behavior. Thus students will begin the process of reflective thinking, which according to Banks and Banks (2001) is the most important goal of social studies (p. 20). These students will begin the process by reflecting on the behavior of pirates and, subsequently, on their own behavior in different roles or situations. When discussing the issue of examining another culture, Edwards and Queen (2002) describe trying to look through their eyes at the rest of the world, thereby better understanding them, ourselves, and others (p. 11). This is the heart of this section of the unit.
According to Gay (2001), the critical piece for culturally responsive teaching is knowledge. This lesson is one method by which teachers could gain some knowledge about childrens cultures and home lives. Gay (2001) says that [t]he knowledge teachers need to have about cultural diversity goes beyond mere awareness of, and respect for, and general recognition of different cultures, but requires the acquisition of detailed information about the cultural particularities of specific ethnic groups (p.107). Listening to the students as they discuss their roles at home and school will open the door to teachers to some of this specific knowledge about the students culture. In this way, a teacher can enrich the classroom community and build an environment in which members respect one another and support each others learning (Edwards & Queen, 2002, p. 6).
It is my opinion that all of these parts of multicultural education are critical to teaching. Teachers must create a safe caring community for children to feel comfortable enough to take the risks necessary for learning. The path to this type of classroom is through a genuine understanding of and caring for each student. Race and ethnicity cannot be ignored, but must be a valued part of any classroom. The curriculum used in the classroom must be relevant to all students that are a part of the classroom. It is, therefore, essential for teachers to gain the specific knowledge needed to meet each students educational and emotional needs. It is only through this specific knowledge that teachers can begin to meet the needs of every student. This unit is one step, one tool, in this process.
REFERENCES
Armanti, Cathy. Beyond a Beads and Feathers Approach, In Funds of Knowledge: Theorizing Practices in Households, Communities, and Classrooms, Gonzalez, Norma, Moll, Luis C., Armanti, Cathy editors, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Banks, J. A., & Banks, C., A. (1999). Teaching strategies for the social studies, 5th Ed.
New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Banks, J. A. (2004). Multicultural Education: Historical Development, Dimensions, and Practice, in Handbook of Multicultural Education, Banks, James A., editor, Banks, Cherry A. McGee, associate editor, San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons
Edwards, B., & Queen, J. A. (2002). Why should I move toward something called multicultural education? What is that, anyway? Using multicultural literature to teach K-4 social studies: A thematic unit approach. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Gay, Geneva (2002). Preparing for Culturally Responsive Teaching, Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 53, No. 2, March/April 2002
Parker, W. C. (2001). Social studies in elementary education. 11th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall
Moscoso, Eunice. Seattle Post-Intelligencer article called 47 Million Here Speak Foreign Language from November 29, 2006, p. A7. STANDARDS
History EALR #1: The student examines and understands major ideas, eras, themes, developments, turning points, chronology, and cause-effect relationships in the United States, the world, and Washington State history.
NCSS: Time, Continuity and Change, People, Places and Environments, Individuals, Groups, and Institutions, Product Distribution, and Consumption, Global Connections
Multicultural Education Dimensions: Culture, Individual Development and Identity, and Global Connections (Banks and Banks, 2004).
Geography EALR #3: The student observes and analyzes the interaction between people, the environment, and culture.
NCSS: Culture, People, Places, and Environments, Individual development and identity, Individuals, Groups, and Institutions
Multicultural Education Dimensions: Culture, Individual Development and Identity, and Global Connections (Banks and Banks, 2004).
Communication EALR #2: Uses skills and strategies to communicate interculturally.
Banks Dimensions of Multicultural Education (1999): Content integration, knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, and equity pedagogy
Banks Types of Knowledge (1999): personal/cultural, provides the tools for transformative academic
Banks Approaches to Curriculum Reform (2004): Level 3, The transformation approach
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