ࡱ> ;=:@ bjbjFF (.,,2222222F,Ff $!Rn#N 2 22 ]]]v22]]]22]  pag:]6 0f ]##]FF2222#2] ] FFS FFFeminist Therapy Key Figures: No one founder Jean Baker Miller Carol Gilligan Carolyn Enns Laura Brown Lillian Comas-Diaz Olivia Espin Major Focus: Gender is central focus, therapists must understand and be sensitive to how psychological oppression and socialization influence identity development Key Terms: Androcentric theory- a theory that uses male-oriented constructs to draw conclusions about human nature Egalitarian relationship- relationship where power is balanced Ethnocentrism- believing that ones cultural group is superior to others, other groups are based on ones personal standards Gendercentrism- two developmental paths for men and women Gender-neutral theory- explains the differences between mens and womens behavior in terms of socialization Gender-role analysis- helps clients understand the impact of gender-role expectations Gender-role intervention- provides insight into ways how social issues affect problems Gender schema- mental associations, interpretations are based on perceptions about gender Heterosexism- heterosexual orientation is normative and desirable; devalues same sex relationships Life-span perspective- human development is a life long process; personality patterns and behavior changes occur at any time during development Personal is political- client problems have social and political causes; therapists focus on helping clients change behaviors and become active participants to transform society Power analysis- emphasizes power differences between men and women in society; clients recognize the different types of power they possess and power is exercised Reframing- therapist changes the frame of reference for looking at behaviors; shift from intrapersonal (blame the victim) stance to consideration of societal factors that contribute to ones problems Relabeling- changing the label/evaluation that has been applied to clients behaviors; shift is from negative to positive evaluation Relational-cultural theory- a perspective that suggests a womans identity and self-concept develop in the context of relationships Self-in-relation- womens sense of self is largely dependant on they connect with others White privilege- invisible package of unearned assets White people enjoy are not offered to people of color Philosophy and Basic Assumptions: This therapy is gender-neutral, flexible, interactional, and life-span-oriented Eight basis philosophies (separate views on social oppression to determine how to transform society. Each philosophy focuses on diversity, gender issues, and sexism) Liberal Cultural Radical Socialist Postmodern Women of color Lesbian Global/International Key Concepts: Societal gender-role messages influence how people view themselves and behave Ethnicity, sexual orientation, and class may be important factors Gender cannot be considered apart from other identity areas (race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc) Problematic symptoms are viewed as coping/survival strategies Six interrelated principles Personal is political Personal and social identities are interdependent Definitions of distress and mental illness are reformulated Use of integrated analysis of oppression Egalitarian relationship Womens perspectives valued Therapeutic Goals: Five Goals Equality Balancing independence and interdependence Empowerment Self-nurturance Valuing diversity Target individual (help recognize, claim, and embrace personal power) and societal (replace patriarchy with feminist consciousness) transformations Help define themselves Therapeutic Relationship: Based on empowerment and equalizing power (egalitarian) Structure of the relationship models how to responsibly identify and use power Mutuality, client-therapist authentic connection Therapist demystifies counseling, client is an active partner in assessment and treatment Teach clients to recognize how they define themselves and how they relate to others (gender-role expectations) Techniques and Procedures: Utilizes techniques from other theories Contracts, Homework, Cognitive restructuring, Biblotherapy, Self-disclosure, Empowerment, Role-playing, Reframing, Relabeling, Assertiveness training Gender-role analysis and intervention (challenge traditional assessment and diagnostic procedures) Power analysis and intervention (identify and assess strengths, skills, and resources) Social action Applications: For both women and men Individual and group counseling Family and couples counseling Community intervention Concepts of Feminist Therapy can be applied to other theories Contributions: Integrate concepts with other theories Gender-free, flexible, interactional, life-span-oriented Positive, egalitarian attitude toward women and men Confront patriarchal systems Emphasizes context of womens lives (not symptoms and behaviors) Sensitizes counselors to gendered uses of power in relationships Battered womens shelters, rape-crisis centers, womens health and reproductive health centers Establish policies to lessen discrimination of all types Feminist principles applied to supervision, teaching, consultation, ethics, research, theory building, and the practice of psychotherapy Community building, authentic mutual empathic relationships, sense of social awareness, and social change Limitations: No neutral stance because advocate for change in social structure Counselors may impose values on clients No decision-making for clients Feminist therapy is based on White, middle class, heterosexual women  , - . / : | `a6o wxyEM   6DEǿ̲ǿ̶̶ǿ̪ǿhuhA{Sh hgV7 h4I5h4Ih4_5 h{5h4_hdh4Ih7<5h7<h{h4Ih 65h 6hfCJ aJ h 6CJ aJ C.@O\h{- . / : a b a gd 6$a$gd 6a b   y z `a)*45o(gd 6(1<HXawxy~"_!2Egd 6 E0l&456D[{gd 6/0Ukl456BCDZ[%& TU h 6hLhLhuh4Ih4I5h4Ih4_5 h{5h4Ih4_h^ (&_2S6Ugd 6&1h:p 6/ =!"#$%@@@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DAD Default Paragraph FontRiR  Table Normal4 l4a (k(No List..@O\h{-./:ab  abyz  `a)*45 o   ( 1 < H X a w x y  ~ " _  ! 2 E E0l&456D[{&_2S6U000x00x0x0x00000x0x000000x0x000000x000000 00 000 00(00 000 000x000x000x0000000x00x00x00x00x000000x0x0x000x00x000 00 0 0 0000x000000000000x0000000 000000000000x00x000 000 000 000 000000 000000x00a (8@0(  B S  ?W[:Fbp*4I V IS=J% 3333-.`ax y 56  kjkq-5yR=;dF%2v iWTf#Sc| !~HJw  Y t R W ^ t` oh |l +: C \ ug 2241 2Swf*>`eB-#4StL0AVWdi D$N7;Yw2|$$g3y=$[qIh )zZ ^ ;!,K!N!""P"i",#K#/#1#xA#3[#ug#;$%Z% &&qC& '?'@'}'("(3(3)G)j)N6*W*[*f,0 - -t5. 6.8/?/kG/:Q/VU/ 0t0<0.0j?091i1t129W23L"3s83g3l 4 434^4" 555F5)5-5A5b5v5 6i67Y7gV7v7S88 08>Z8Sg8v9$C9}H9K9k9J;]-;=;t;<7<T<Y<@= = >)>C>W>}?&?01?@@@8A[QAB~8BCZ@C5JCfC) DD:DRD4E>sE+FQ-F^yFx,G>GlG""HHVH- I!J%J K!KEgK xK }KLLjLNZOOQ5O4bO#P%P2Pq;PDP)Q+kQrQ7PR]R. 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