ࡱ> qspy =9bjbj 4n{{=1D>8R8T8T8T8T8T8T8$i;>x8x88---.R8-R8--64V7Ќ ?F5>88085>!>8V7V7>j7-x8x8'8> :  The AP Style Analysis Essay (Rhetorical Analysis Essay) What is rhetorical analysis? Rhetorical analysis is a close reading of a text to find the argument in the text and HOW the author creates that argument. When performing a rhetorical analysis you analyze how well the components of an argument work together to persuade or move an audience. When asked to compose a rhetorical analysis (or just in case you actually want to be a critical thinker) you should consider the following as you read What is the purpose of the argument? What does it hope to achieve? Who is the audience for the argument? (Some of you may have used SOAPStone- same thing) What appeals or techniques does the argument use (emotion, logic, credibility, ethical) What is the genre of the argument (editorial, work of literature, political statement, bumper sticker, advertisement) What values does the argument evoke? Do these values add credibility? What authorities does the argument rely on or appeal to? What facts reasoning and evidence appear in the argument and how are they used? What issues are raised, ignored or evaded? What are the social, political, historical and cultural contexts? Whose interests does it serve? How is the argument organized or arranged? How does the language or style of the argument work to persuade and audience? (this is where all those AP language terms come into play) Obviously, one cannot address all of these in an AP essay written in approximately 40 minutes so it is up to the writer to consider which issues are most important to address- these issues may be the ones that most support the overall argument. DO NOT SUMMARIZE THE TEXT! A workable strategy for the AP essay- to use in 40 minutes: 1 minute reading and working the prompt 5 minutes reading and making annotations regarding the passage *Isolate two/three references or moments that strike you. These may contribute to opening/closing lines or other key moments in your response 5 minutes preparing to write (Underlining, mapping, charting, key words/quotes) 25-30 minutes writing your essay, based on your preparation 3 minutes proofreading Rhetorical strategies to look for include: Comparison/Contrast Use of logic Cause and effect Inductive or Deductive argument Different types of irony Choice of Examples Diction Selection of Detail Syntax Juxtaposition Parallelism Analogy Antithesis Extended Metaphor Concrete, Specific Words Hyperbole Imagery (Sensory Appeals) Allusion Personification Onomatopoeia Tone Pacing Oxymoron Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance Point of view Organization Appeals to authority Appeals to credibility *Be able to explain why the speaker selected these strategies for the particular audience, occasion, and purpose. This is the analysis part. Essay Structure Options: Opening Paragraph: Hook (Maybe). Use brevity. Reference the author and title of the work as well as any important historical, cultural or social connections you may have made. Establish the rhetorical triangle. Who is the speaker? Who is his or her audience? What is the purpose of the speech/essay? Generally speaking, how is the writer trying to sway his or her audience? Use strong verbs/adjectives. Address the authors argument Address the authors view or attitude of the subject (you may want to identify the tone of the work). Specifically mention the rhetorical elements you will explore in your essay and how they apply to the essay prompt. (Thesis) Body: The Basic Paragraph: Identify a choice the writer makes. Follow by quoting direct evidence. End by answering these important questions: WHY did the writer make this choice? HOW does this choice work to move the audience towards thinking or acting in the manner that the writer wants? (The more time answering/explaining the WHY and HOW questions, the higher your score!) You may even take these sentence stems and use them in your body paragraphs (The writer made this choice because. ORThis choice allows the audience to begin to see/think/understand/visualize.) A good strategy: Sometimes a writer presents a series of examples in support of one idea. Briefly quote these examples and link them together when making your point. Example: In the second and third paragraphs, Don Juan presents a series of economic consequences (lower wages; reduced savings; higher taxes) to frighten his audience, turning them against. IDENTIFYING CONNECTIONS OR PATTERNS ACROSS THE TEXT is characteristic of high-scoring papers. Option 1: work chronologically through the text line by line or section by section. As you do this identify key rhetorical devices that support the authors argument. Option 2: Break the text into sections based on rhetorical strategies used. Discuss the effectiveness of the authors style and strategies as well as HOW the style and strategies support the authors argument. General Dos and Donts in the body of the essay: Dont discuss every strategy, do identify and discuss the strongest strategies that are most critical to the meaning of the piece. Use specific references and details from the given passage. This is your evidence. Refer directly to material using short quotes, even if its just one or two words. Quote phrases, not sentences. Weave them into your discussion. Show connection throughout your essay by continually reiterating key ideas from the prompt and from your opening paragraph. Stay connected with the prompt and your thesis. Use transitions (begins, opens, shifts to, juxtaposes, contrasts, moves into, closes . . .) Conclusion: End by analyzing the writers final paragraph. No summative conclusions! As you analyzing the writers final paragraph, explain how all of the authors choices build to these final words, which are intended to hang in the audiences mind saying, Yes! YES! YEEESSSS! You are right! Use the final paragraph from the passage in your final paragraph. Generally the author says something important in the concluding statement- you can use this to rap your essay up by analyzing how and what the author says and how it further supports their argument. Avoid, In conclusion . . . or In summary . . . Make a final statement to so what your analysis Link your ideas to a particularly effective line or image from the passage Be witty and clever. Save one last bit of analysis, one more thoughtful take, that ties together the speakers style and their purpose. Words that help in Analysis: Say you want to state, The author uses parallelism.. Instead try replacing uses with. Portray 8. Assert 15. Repudiate 22. Construct 29. construes Depict 9. Embody 16. Refute 23. Create 30. constructs Convey 10. Elucidate 17. Dispel 24. Transcend 31. propose Manipulate 11. Clarify 18. Regale 25. Deconstruct 32.hint Reveal 12. Enhance 19. Revert 26. Concede 33. suggest Demonstrate 13. Imply 20. Empower 27. Pervade 34. predict Exemplify 14. Inspire 21. Constrain 28. sustain General No-Nos No the imagery creates a vivid picture because or other clich statements. No need to know that a specific form of parallelism is polysyndeton- BUT you should know when and why the author uses parallelism. No in conclusion No need to bring in outside sources- your analyzing. No need to be overly creative. Do NOT offer your own opinionthis prompt is pure analysis. Caveat: Twice in twenty five years students have been asked to analyze and then offer their own evaluation as to whether the argument would be successful. Do read the promptif you opinion is asked for, then make it so. BUTthis has not happened in 10+ years. Rhetorical Analysis Essay Rubric ScoreWhat the Rubric SaysWhat This Means9Essays earning a score of 9 meet the criteria for the score of 8 and, in addition, are especially sophisticated in their argument, thorough in their development, or impressive in their control of language.You achieved everything an 8 essay did, but the quality of either your argument or your writing is exceptional.8Essays earning a score of 8 effectively analyze the rhetorical strategies used by the author to develop his/her argument. They develop their analysis with evidence and explanations that are appropriate and convincing, referring to the passage explicitly or implicitly. The prose demonstrates a consistent ability to control a wide range of the elements of effective writing but is not necessarily flawless.You successfully and persuasively analyzed the rhetoric of the excerpt in a way that is strongly supported by specific examples in the text. Your writing is versatile and strong.7Essays earning a score of 7 meet the criteria for the score of 6 but provide more complete explanation, more thorough development, or a more mature prose style.You achieved everything a 6 essay did, but your argument was either better explained or supported or your writing was of a higher caliber.6Essays earning a score of 6 adequately analyze the rhetorical strategies used by the author to develop his/her argument. They develop their analysis with evidence and explanations that are appropriate and sufficient, referring to the passage explicitly or implicitly. The essay may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but generally the prose is clear.You successfully analyzed the rhetoric of the excerpt, using appropriate references to the text. Your writing was generally understandable. 5Essays earning a score of 5 analyze the rhetorical strategies used to develop the authors argument. The evidence or explanations used may be uneven, inconsistent, or limited. The writing may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but it usually conveys the students ideas.You analyzed the rhetoric of the excerpt, although evidence from the passage may have been poorly used or deployed. Your writing is mostly understandable but may have errors.4Essays earning a score of 4 inadequately analyze the rhetorical strategies used by the author to develop his/her argument. These essays may misunderstand the passage, misrepresent the strategies the author uses, or may analyze these strategies insufficiently. The evidence or explanations used may be inappropriate, insufficient, or unconvincing. The prose generally conveys the students ideas but may be inconsistent in controlling the elements of effective writing.You did not analyze the rhetoric in the passage in a reasonable way. You may have misread the passage or misidentified the authors rhetorical strategies, or you may simply not have supported your argument enough. Textual evidence may not be appropriate to the task at hand. Your writing is not consistently clear.3Essays earning a score of 3 meet the criteria for the score of 4 but demonstrate less success in analyzing the rhetorical strategies the author uses to develop his/her argument. They are less perceptive in their understanding of the passage or the authors strategies, or the explanations or examples may be particularly limited or simplistic. The essays may show less maturity in control of writing.A 3 essay has similar weaknesses to a 4 essay, but displays less understanding of the passage or the authors intent. The writing may also be even more inconsistent or basic.2Essays earning a score of 2 demonstrate little success in analyzing the rhetorical strategies used by the author to develop his/her argument. These essays may misunderstand the prompt, misread the passage, fail to analyze the strategies used, or substitute a simpler task by responding to the prompt tangentially with unrelated, inaccurate, or inappropriate explanation. The essays often demonstrate consistent weaknesses in writing, such as grammatical problems, a lack of development or organization, or a lack of control.You barely analyzed the passage. You may have misunderstood the assigned task, seriously misread the passage or the authors intent, or responded to something other than the prompt. 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