ࡱ> [ 'ebjbj ;ΐΐ\y8'$K/hQQQ`/b/b/b/b/b/b/$I13/#QQ##/4/,,,#x`/,#`/,,, ޴ %,L//0/,4(b4,,4`-QY*,? UQQQ//+~QQQ/####4QQQQQQQQQ : Notes for the Introduction to Emergency Communications and FRS Radios for CERT Tactical Communication Class 1 of 2, December 12, 2013 Instructor Qualifications: Using Handheld Radios (HT) for over 35 years. Taught 100s of people on the job, mostly by example, using radios in all kinds of conditions Amateur Radio Operator K6JGZ Started as a Tech at the request of the Fire Department Used the ARRL Tech License book QRZ.com/Resources/Practice/Amateur Radio Exams QRZ You are being called by Q-codes Used the ARRL General License book as reference Finally realized how radios actually worked Studied for General on my own because it was interesting and fun Offered an Extra Class by Armando Montalvo KI6TAA Ended up studying intensively daily for weeks. And it worked. Extra Class License with unlimited access to any of the many Amateur Radio Bands GMRS License WQKX334 Volunteer firefighter in a rural/urban interface for 6 years in New Mexico where radio propagation was difficult. Currently volunteer for the LAFD Auxiliary Communications Service Just completed a major LAFD EOC/DOC drill 100 msgs per hour Opened a lot of eyes of the Command Staff and the Outside Evaluators. Objectives: Introduction to Emergency Communications, not comprehensive. More comprehensive resources available in handouts and on line. What would you like to learn from this class? Class Organization No PowerPoint. (tend to read ahead and then zone out) Normally a two session classes Second class is more hands messages and using radios. Try to do this in one session? Emergency Communications: FEMA defines an emergency incident as a planned or unplanned occurrence or event, regardless of cause, which requires action by emergency service personnel." to protect human life or immediate property damage. http://www.fema.gov/emi/is195.htm . Section 1.9 How is action by emergency service personnel going to happen? Pause Communication Emergency Service have to find out about it. The emergency service personnel need to know: What kind of incident? Where is the incident? What services and resources are needed? Emergency communications consist of messages to and from the emergency communicator and emergency service personnel so appropriate action can be taken and resources provided. Who provides the information? Pause You do. Citizens do. How do you do it? Pause Usually 911 Ever listened to a 911 call? What did it sound like? 911 operators have to spend most of their time getting the caller to calm down and prompt them for the necessary information How much time could be saved if the caller knew Emergency Communications Minutes, maybe many minutes to get all the necessary information. How long for Brain Death? Bleed out? Placitas CPR Story What are some other benefits of proper emergency communication? 911 operator realized they are talking to a rational, organized, communicator with immediately useful information that is probably accurate and important. You are speaking to them in a way they can immediately understand. Everyone can start to get organized Emergency communicators are those who have learned to communicate immediate necessary information concisely and accurately in a timely fashion to help prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to property and/or natural resources regardless of the obstacles in the event. Emergency communicators provide: What happened? Where it happened? What is needed Follow up with additional information as it becomes available. What are the obstacles to good emergency communications? (Pause) Emotions Excitement Adrenaline Magnitude of the event Trauma/Horror of the event Confusion Noise Panicked bystanders Easy to get caught up in the moment Cardinal Directions and Street names can be confused Traffic - Wisconsin mass traffic collision with bystanders in the road. Trip/Fall (French Barn Story) If injured, girl would be ground up in power takeoff Fire/Electrical/Hazardous substances Electrocuted good Samaritans in Studio City for a non-injury accident. Injured responder becomes part of the problem or THE problem Good Emergency Communication is a skill Not something an untrained person can conveniently figure out on the fly. Untrained communicators use too many words and include unnecessary information which Prevents fast action What you initially want to talk about may not be the most useful Information NOT A CONVERSATION It is specific information delivered in a concise timely manner Its a skill shared with the provider and the listener. The communicator and receiver have a common understanding Both the provider and the listener need to use critical thinking skills. Takes a little practice and a lot of clear thinking And takes a lot of listening Easy to learn Listen to Fire and Police radio Broadcastify.Com Scanner radios Tell Placitas radio story of radio that wouldnt transmit Use short, concise messages - CLARITY Think about what you want to say. Find a concise way to say it. 25 words or less. 15 is better. MVA with injuries NB 170 Burbank Offramp (10) Cross street Burbank.(total 13) 55 year old female chest pain 11614 Riverside cross street Ben. What are some examples? Accuracy Check the numerical location and the cardinal directions BEFORE you speak. Have the correct street name OR indicate the area as precisely as possible Salt Lake City Parleys Canyon Paper Delivery story Activate EMS before responding if possible Make notes if necessary - Rehearse what you are going to say What, Where, What is needed Age, sex, principal complaint, mechanism of injury No Privacy No privacy. Period. Never use names, phone numbers, or patient ID. Choose the best way to send your message Cell Phone to IC or 911 Runners (2) with written notes Kids on bicycles with notes Radios Its the message that counts, not the medium. What do you need to communicate? Sizeup VERY IMPORTANT Absolutely Necessary for Good Emergency Communications. Quickly and safely investigate the situation and gather preliminary information necessary for others to understand what may be going on. (We could do a whole class just on Sizeup What is wrong? What needs to be done? Who needs to do it? How is the situation changing? and What has changed since the last transmission What is the resolution? What are you going to do next? Why sizeup? Your IC and other listeners finds out what is happening and can plan a response Report ONLY what you see and understand. Do NOT GUESS or SPECULATE. Make sure you fully size up the situation and update your situation as necessary. Single Family residence Smoke showing Light plane crash in the back yard? Motor Vehicle accident Vehicle on top of an electrical vault? - Power lines in the water? If the situation changes, sent an updated message. And keep in touch every 10 minutes or so. Why would you use a radio in a disaster? Only if no better communications mode is available 911 and/or cell phones may be better Force multiplier one operator replaces two runners Provides IC with more timely information. Allows for two-way communication Allows IC to allocate resources knowing a communicator is on scene. Increased communication speed (vs. runners) Safety Why use FRS for CERT Tactical Communications? Sophisticated device Better than the extremely expensive HTs I started using in the 70s KEEP YOUR MANUAL WITH THE RADIO Inexpensive and readily available No License necessary Short Range Works well at short distances ( to 1 mile) Operation Gratitude FRS example in Shuttle Story This is an advantage, not a disadvantage More channels open in your area Less chance of interference from distant areas Anything you hear will probably be in or near your Neighborhood Situational Aware ness An FRS radio is not a cell phone Shared resource SHARED When youre using the frequency, no one else can Doubling Use short, concise messages Think about what you want to say. Find a concise way to say it. Check the location and the cardinal directions BEFORE you speak. Make notes if necessary - Rehearse what you are going to say No privacy. Period Never use names, phone numbers, or patient ID Biggest problems with any HT (Handie Talkie or Handheld): Weak Batteries NiCads wear out/out of condition Have Alkaline standing by. Dont like to be partially charged Condition your NiCads. Completely discharge, recharge regularly Keep fresh batteries in a safe container with the radio Poor location Higher - Away from Structures - Out of the car Your finger Pressing the PTT button when not taking Not pressing the PTT when you do want to talk. (Death grip story) Radio Demonstration FRS/GMRS Channels PTT switch Hi/Lo FRS vs GMRS FRS is available to all, without a license, and has enough power to be extremely useful GMRS has more power, but not that much more, and requires a license to operate legally - Any radio frequency is legal in an emergency Wrong. Privacy Codes: Locks the radio to a select group of users using the same code. Convenient for Disneyland, but not emergency situations Interferes with tactical communications Cant tell if you are doubling with another transmission DONT use privacy codes for emcomm Ever Prevent you from finding a clear frequency Prevents you from hearing situational reports Example of Northridge Train wreck: LAFD all on specific tactical Frequencies was able to monitor them all and report back to the Staging Captain Privacy Codes ON may cause you to double with another communicator Explain how to turn everything OFF Location, Location, Location Height trumps power Direct TV example FRS 1/2w same as FRS (Armando Montalvo KI6TAA) Line of sight trumps height (Palos Verdes flat tire story) Power trumps everything else Tactical Call Signs Use Descriptive Unique Tactical Call Signs NOT -- CERT 1, TEAM 1, etc. BE SPECIFIC Be UNIQUE -- Adams Street CERT 1, Adams Street Search 2 Colfax IC, not North Hollywood IC LAFD and LAPD use tactical call signs Tactical Call Signs tells the listener who you are, and what you are doing. Tactical Call Sign exercise: Pick an IC IC picks and names an IC post IC picks and names and Ops Officer Ops Officer names tactical groups. Message Traffic Messages passing through a radio system are called Traffic Observe Think Engage brain before using finger Organize a concise message Almost all emergency communications can be made in 25 words or less, sometimes much less. LISTEN to the channel Is the frequency Clear? Call To the person this is your Tactical Call Sign Did your recipient answer? If not, wait 30 seconds and repeat the call they may be busy Call the recipient Colfax IC this is Colfax Search 2 Recipient always called first YOU to listen to ME = Just like in real life Fred, can you hear me? Recipient hears their name or tactical and starts listening for your message Transmit Report ONLY what you see and understand. Do NOT GUESS or SPECULATE. Make sure you fully size up the situation and update your situation as necessary. If the situation changes, sent an updated message. And keep in touch every 10 minutes or less regardless Let the IC know as additional resources arrive and as the situation changes. Learn good radio habits by listening to professionals on Scanner Radio or Computer App: Scanner Radio Computer: Broadcastify.com Placitas FD radio story if not already told. Notes for the Introduction to FRS Radios and CERT Tactical Communication Class 2 of 2 December 17, 2013 [Repeat Privacy Codes, Tactical Call Signs, Listen, Location, and Sizeup from Class #1 as below] Privacy Codes: Locks the radio to a select group of users using the same code. Convenient for Disneyland, but not emergency situations Interferes with tactical communications Cant tell if you are doubling with another transmission DONT use privacy codes Prevent you from finding a clear frequency Prevents you from hearing situational reports May cause you to double with another communicator Explain how to turn everything OFF Tactical Call Signs Use Descriptive Unique Tactical Call Signs NOT -- CERT 1, TEAM 1, etc. BE SPECIFIC Be UNIQUE -- Adams Street CERT 1, Adams Street Search 2 Colfax IC, not North Hollywood IC LAFD and LAPD and most emergency responders use tactical call signs Tactical Call Signs tells the listener who you are, and what you are doing LISTEN to the channel Call the recipient Colfax IC this is Colfax Search 2 Alert someone you want to talk to them just like in real life Fred, Listen to me: Recipient always called first, then tell them who you are Location, Location, Location Height trumps power Direct TV example Sizeup What is wrong? What needs to be done? Who needs to do it? and What has changed since the last transmission What is the resolution? Why sizeup? Your IC finds out what is happening and can plan a response EVERYONE else learns whats going on and can plan accordingly. Networks Open Net Used for casual conversation Used as Talk around Keep in touch with your team on your team frequency Pro -- Round Robin Everyone takes a turn and gets a chance, maybe Everyone gets to change the conversation Con Sometimes hard to get in Weak stations often masked, or ignored Some operators like to hear themselves talk and monopolize the conversation Easy to get off topic Important messages may have to wait for a clear frequency Directed Net Net Control Operator (CERT Comms officer at IC) Net Control Operator Directs Traffic All calls for anyone on the Net go to the NCO first Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Search 1 with traffic for CERT Search 2 [CERT IC] Go with your traffic PRO Organized Minimal traffic, minimal use of bandwidth Easy to get in Weak stations get heard Easy to stay on topic (Net Control can make sure of this) Very efficient for message traffic Important message get high priority Con Requires Net Control Requires operators to pay attention and follow the rules Stations may need to wait their turn, but Break Break is a term used when you need to get into a radio frequency that is currently busy, or is being monopolized by a user Break, Break for emergency traffic Radio Etiquette Call the station you are calling, then introduce yourself Why? They hear their tactical call sign and know to pay attention. Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Search 1 Listen before you speak always wait for a clear channel. Ask if the frequency is clear Is this frequency clear? If yes, continue. If not, change to another frequency Think before you talk Extremely important Why are you calling? What is the most important thing you need to get across. Easy to get confused and make mistakes when under stress Press the PTT switch Speak calmly and clearly Dont shout Hold the radio 4 inches from your mouth and speak ACROSS it, not into it Release the PTT switch Wait for a response. Unless it is an Emergency message (see below) wait 30 to 60 seconds before you try again. The station youre calling may be busy. When you get a response Colfax Search 1 this is Colfax CERT IC go with your traffic Deliver your message Be prepared to repeat Make sure you can hear your radio. Clip near your ear Use earpiece (recommended) Dont carry it where the PTT button could be pushed Open Mike Monopolized the channel Will deplete your batteries Messages Get oriented Where are you? You know where you are, but your listeners dont Which way is North? What is the name of this street? That street? Are you sure? What is the address? Is it exact or approximate? What is the reason for the message? You know what is happening at your location, but your listeners dont. Why do you need to send them a message? What do they need to know? What kind of information do you need to transmit? Emergency? Life and death Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Search 1 with Emergency Traffic Single Family residence 12345 Colfax at Collins, flames showing, persons trapped second floor Priority? Time sensitive, important Routine? Routine Compose short, concise messages Most important emergency messages can be 15 words or less, certainly no more than 25. Longer message should be thought through again or broken into multiple messages. Use the NATO Phonetic Alphabet for words that are difficult to spell or may be difficult to understand. Say I spell prior to launching into the NATO Alphabet. I Spell November Alpha Tango Oscar = Alphabet When transmitting numbers, say each number individually and precede by saying Numbers Numbers One Two Three Four Five (not 12 thousand 3 hundred forty-five) Never use Slang, or code like 10-4 Code and slang takes on different meanings in different jurisdictions and becomes useless in a multi-agency operation. Use Clear Talk or Plain English. Started by Chief Brunicini in Phoenix and had been picked up nationwide. Codes started with older AM transmissions when information often needed to be repeated multiple times due to static and man made noise. FM transmissions used today have better fidelity and less noise. Plain English using simple words is always appropriate and always the easiest to understand. Practice Messages Always include THIS IS A DRILL with all practice transmissions Practice Message 1 Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Search 1 with Emergency Traffic Single Family residence 12345 Colfax at Collins, flames showing, persons trapped second floor THIS IS A DRILL Practice Message 2 Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Search 1 with Priority Traffic Neighbor at 12345 Colfax reports disabled person lives at this address. THIS IS A DRILL Practice Message 3 Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Search 1 with Priority Traffic 12345 Colfax -- small plane crashed into the rear of house. Fuel leaking. THIS IS A DRILL Practice Message 4 Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Search 1 with Priority Traffic LAFD on scene 12345 Colfax. Capt. Apichatpong requsts Capt. Agbaje meet him 12345 Colfax. Capt. [I spell] Alpha Papa India Charlie Hotel Alpha Tango Papa Oscar November Golf Capt.[I spell] Alpha Golf Bravo Alpha Juliet Echo (See NATO Phonetic Alphabet) Practice Message 5 Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Logistics with Routine traffic Shelter at North Hollywood Rec Center reports 257 [numbers two five seven] persons signed in, more waiting Water for 125 [numbers one two five] more persons 47 [numbers 47] blankets 39 [numberss 39] cots Practice message 6 Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Logistics with Routine traffic LAPD Sergeant Godynyuk requests 17 traffic barricades and 15 traffic cones and 1 roll of Caution tape at 12345 Collins Avenue at Colfax Avenue. Practice message composition 1 You arrive at the off ramp from the Northbound 170 and Burbank and find a large SUV CA License Number 5YSG019 upside down and heavily damaged. Fuel is leaking from the gas tank. Something white is rising from the engine compartment. All of the paint is scraped off of the drivers side. Suitcases and duffle bags are broken open and childrens clothing is strewn about. A damaged wheelchair lies forlornly in the middle of the intersection. A man crawls out the drivers window and starts screaming. There are women and children trapped inside the car, some are screaming, some are still. Many are still strapped in seat belts. Intersection of the 170 Northbound off ramp and Burbank Blvd. Motor Vehicle accident multiple casualties. Persons trapped. Fuel leaking. Practice message composition 2 Your are Colfax Search 1 and you are searching North on Colfax and you smell smoke. The wind is coming from the Northeast. As you proceed the smell of smoke gets stronger and you start smelling natural gas. You arrive at Collins Street and the smell of smoke seems to be coming from your right. Colfax CERT IC this is Colfax Search 1 Smoke and natural gas in the area Colfax and Collins. Permission to search East on Collins. Practice message composition 3 Its a lovely Sunday afternoon and you are riding your bike through an unfamiliar neighborhood. While crossing through the intersection of Collins Avenue and Irvine Avenue you smell a strong odor of natural gas. After you pass through the intersection you realize that it was stronger than just sewer gas, so you ride back. The odor is strongest in the center of the intersection and you are not particularly near any houses or gas meters. The nearest house is 50 years away. There is a slight breeze coming from the West so you ride around the intersection several times and realize that the odor is not coming from the West, it seems to be coming from the intersection. Practice message composition 4 You performing Community Patrol and you are driving East on Collins Avenue and you see two young men jumping over the fence from a side yard, empty handed. They are wearing matching blue work shirts and blue jeans and are met by a heavily tattooed young man, also in a blue work shirt and blue jeans, carrying a clipboard. All three men start walking South on Beck Street. Two of the young men start knocking on doors on either side of the street as the third young man makes notes on his clipboard. None of them are carrying brochures, or advertising leaflets just knocking on doors as the third man in the street makes notes. Practice message composition 5 There has been a minor earthquake and you and another CERT member are walking along Burbank Boulevard searching for damage. The CERT IC is at Fire Station 60 at Chandler and Colfax. As you pass the North Hollywood Police Station you notice the 170 Freeway overpass appears to be unsafe. It is vibrating and small chunks of concrete are falling from it as vehicles continue to pass over it. What should you do? Test Message 1 A decade before the publication of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll wrote the first stanza to what would become Jabberwocky while in Croft on Tees. Test Message 2 She sells sea shells at the Seychelles sea shore Test Message 3 Structure Fire 7099 Matilija Avenue cross Madeila Avenue The NATO phonetic alphabet, more accurately known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet and also called the ICAO phonetic or ICAO spelling alphabet, as well as the ITU phonetic alphabet. The final choice of code words for the letters of the alphabet and for the digits was made after hundreds of thousands of comprehension tests involving 31 nationalities. Used by the US and British Military since 1956 Use the words I Spell before using the NATO phonetic alphabet. Use the word numbers before using single numbers. AAlphaBBravoCCharlieDDeltaEEchoFFoxtrotGGolfHHotelIIndiaJJulietKKiloLLimaMMikeNNovemberOOscar Os-kahPPapa pa-PAHQQuebec Ke-beck RRomeoSSierraTTangoUUniformVVictor VicktahWWhiskeyXX-rayYYankeeZZulu     Intro to Emergency Comms / FRS radios for CERT Tactical Communication  PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 19 6:Kgu 0  7 8 f g  ǹ񫝐|oe|XNDhCJ^JaJh\,CJ^JaJhhA"CJ^JaJhbHCJ^JaJhhCJ^JaJhA"CJ^JaJh67CJ^JaJhhbHCJ^JaJhhbH5CJ^JaJhhLE5CJ^JaJhh 5CJ^JaJhh75CJ^JaJhh'5CJ^JaJhh75CJ^JaJhh~5CJ^JaJ<g1 2 O P  8 g " # t u `gd^gd67$a$gd~ ! @ A    * H T W ugYLhhCJ^JaJhhyv5CJ^JaJhh5CJ^JaJh\,CJ^JaJh!TCJ^JaJhhyvCJ^JaJhhR;5>*CJ^JaJhhR;CJ^JaJhh|5CJ^JaJhhR;5CJ^JaJhCJ^JaJhhECJ^JaJhhbHCJ^JaJhh|CJ^JaJ A B  V W *Kfg=p$0]^`0a$gdLm0]^`0gdLmgdLmgd!T "'(KLel <=>pķ~ocSCo4hhLmCJPJ^JaJhA"hLm5CJPJ^JaJhA"hA"5CJPJ^JaJhA"CJPJ^JaJhhLECJPJ^JaJhhLE5CJPJ^JaJhhR;CJPJ^JaJhhR;CJ^JaJhhLmCJ^JaJhhLECJ^JaJhhE5CJ^JaJhhBvwU{}~ վձ|o_hZhLm5CJPJ^JaJhZ5CJPJ^JaJhZ5CJ^JaJhZhZ5CJ^JaJhZhLm5CJ^JaJhZhE5CJ^JaJhh'CJ^JaJhh|CJ^JaJh!TCJ^JaJhhECJ^JaJh7CJ^JaJhA"CJ^JaJhZCJ^JaJ!-./0Fhqr|}KLMSͳ͙ͦuhuhhhCJ^JaJhZCJ^JaJhhI *CJ^JaJhh'CJ^JaJhhR;CJ^JaJhZhECJ^JaJhh|CJ^JaJhh+Q+]+^+_+++++++,,,,K,L,M,\,],_,,,,,,,--A-B-C-[-f-潳泽楚rrrer[hTCJ^JaJhhCJ^JaJhhnUCJ^JaJhhUKhCJ^JaJhhUKh5CJ^JaJh!T5CJ^JaJhh5CJ^JaJh!TCJ^JaJhhmSCJ^JaJhhmS5CJ^JaJhhVO5CJ^JaJhhJCJ^JaJhhVOCJ^JaJ#=+P+Q+]+^++++K,L,M,\,],,,-A-B-m---.L.a.b. ^`gd!TgdUKh^gd!T`gd!TgdVOf-g-l-m-o--------.....K.L.b.c.w......//*/;/B/C/Z///////// 0µ駚ܐ܆ܚxkkkhh}<CJ^JaJhh}<5CJ^JaJh7CJ^JaJhPLCJ^JaJhh{CJ^JaJhh{5CJ^JaJhhbVCJ^JaJhhCJ^JaJhhTCJ^JaJhhnUCJ^JaJhTCJ^JaJhhUKhCJ^JaJ*b....../D////////E0i000000 1*1N1r1s11gd7gd}<gd{gdUKh 0 0 000.0E0G0i0l0q0}000000q1s111111111111122X2Y2o222ŷҩ󩎁Ҏshh!T5CJ^JaJhh{5CJ^JaJhh{CJ^JaJhh7CJ^JaJhhmS5CJ^JaJhh75CJ^JaJhhJ5CJ^JaJhhJCJ^JaJhTCJ^JaJh7CJ^JaJhh}<CJ^JaJhhmSCJ^JaJ%11111112Y2n2o2222223343l3334&4'404 ^`gdTgd{gd!T ^`gdTgd722222222222333333344'4041424\4u4w4x4y4444555*5.595h5tgttt]hPLCJ^JaJhhmSCJ^JaJhhyvCJ^JaJhh7CJ^JaJhh75CJ^JaJhTCJ^JaJhhLECJ^JaJhhCJ^JaJhh{CJ^JaJhh!T5CJ^JaJhh!T>*CJ^JaJhh!TCJ^JaJh!TCJ^JaJ$0414w4y44455:5~555555566?6@6B6666 7$a$gd7gdPL ^`gdT`gd!Tgd7h555555555566>6?6@6A6B66667 7777 7b7c77777ۿ骠xjx]xPPP]hhyvCJ^JaJhh,CJ^JaJhhhy5CJ^JaJhh75CJ^JaJhh,TCJ^JaJhh!TCJ^JaJh!TCJ^JaJh7CJ^JaJhPL5CJ^JaJh!Thyv5CJ^JaJh!ThmS5CJ^JaJh!Th75CJ^JaJhh7CJ^JaJh7CJ^JaJ 77777b777888H8x8888888949|9991:2:H:I:`gdPLgd77778888H8I8J8y8z8{888888994959A9B9C9P9|9~99999999991:H:I:J::::::;;2;3;4;H;J;[;];^;e;Χhhyv5CJ^JaJhTCJ^JaJhh!(CJ^JaJhh,CJ^JaJhhmSCJ^JaJhPLCJ^JaJhh75CJ^JaJhhyvCJ^JaJhh7CJ^JaJ8I::::;;2;3;H;\;e;h;w;;;;;;;A<<<<<<`gdTgd/ ^`gdT ^`gdTgd7e;g;h;w;y;;;;;;;;;;;;;;A<B<<<<<<<<<<<== = =====&=*=,=A=Z=[=_=a==ķķ鷝ķ鷪whhmSCJ^JaJhT5CJ^JaJhh~jE5CJ^JaJhhBnCJ^JaJhh~jECJ^JaJhh/CJ^JaJhh/5CJ^JaJh7CJ^JaJhh7CJ^JaJhTCJ^JaJhhyvCJ^JaJ.<<<<====&=[=======!>.>J>>>>>>>4? ^`gdT^gdT ^`gdTgd/============ >!>.>2>4>J>N>P>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8?9?:??????????????????˾˾˴˴˾˾˾˧˾˾˾˾˝˾˾hPLCJ^JaJhPL5CJ^JaJhjCJ^JaJhh7CJ^JaJhTCJ^JaJhh~jECJ^JaJhh/CJ^JaJhh/5CJ^JaJhT5CJ^JaJhh~jE5CJ^JaJ54?8???????@]@@@@@@@ABACAIAAAAABB;BD?D@DYDZDfDgDDDDDEEEɿɿɿ~~~~~~~~p~~hh/5CJ^JaJhh/CJ^JaJhhBnCJ^JaJhhNzCJ^JaJhh!(CJ^JaJhh$,CJ^JaJhjCJ^JaJhh~jECJ^JaJhhnCJ^JaJhhF2X5CJ^JaJhh$,5CJ^JaJ,D@DYDfDDDEcE|EEEgd/ ^`gdj`gdjEEcEdE|E~EEEEEEEEFF'F(FCFDFxFzFFFFFFFFFFFFFGG.G/G]GlGmGGGGGGGGGGG HܦܦܳܦܦܦܙܦܦhhBn5CJ^JaJhh!(CJ^JaJhhnCJ^JaJhhn5CJ^JaJhh/5CJ^JaJhh5^CJ^JaJhhBnCJ^JaJhh/CJ^JaJhjCJ^JaJ2EEEF'FCFxFFFFFFFFG.GmGGGGGVHWHHHHH-Igdj^gdjgdn H HHHH1H9HGHHHUHWHHHHHHHH-I/I0IOIuIvIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIEJFJXJYJZJ[JJϵٵٵٛٵٵٵµٵٛٛthhCJ^JaJhhX(CJ^JaJhhCJ^JaJhh/CJ^JaJhhNzCJ^JaJhhnCJ^JaJhh!(CJ^JaJhjCJ^JaJhhBnCJ^JaJhhBn5CJ^JaJhj5CJ^JaJ--IuIIIIIEJYJZJJJJJ1K2KKKKKKKKHLLL`gd 6 ^`gd 6^gd 6 ^`gdjgdnJJJJJJJJJJJKKK)K0KKKKKKKKKKK4MdIdJdKdSdTd]d^dfdgdqdrdzdddddddddddddd׸׸׸׸ʱjh:2U hDIh,#hjwhA-B5CJOJPJQJaJh,h,OJPJQJ#hjwh,5CJOJPJQJaJhjwhjhjwCJaJhPLCJaJAcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd`$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kdp$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd $$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd0$$If-0,+  t0634-abcccc{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abccdd{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abdd dd{{ $Ifgd,{kd@$$If-0,+  t0634-abddd$d{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-ab$d%d'd5d{{ $Ifgd,{kd $$If-0,+  t0634-ab5d6d8dJd{r $IfgdA-B $Ifgd,{kdP $$If-0,+  t0634-abJdKdMdSd{{ $Ifgd,{kd $$If-0,+  t0634-abSdTdVd]d{{ $Ifgd,{kd $$If-0,+  t0634-ab]d^d`dfd{{ $Ifgd,{kd` $$If-0,+  t0634-abfdgdidqd{{ $Ifgd,{kd $$If-0,+  t0634-abqdrdtdd{{ $Ifgd,{kd $$If-0,+  t0634-abdddd{{ $Ifgd,{kdp$$If-0,+  t0634-abdddd{{ $Ifgd,{kd $$If-0,+  t0634-abdddd{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abdddd{{ $Ifgd,{kd$$If-0,+  t0634-abddddddddddd#e$ezxzxzxzxpn$a$gd4Hgd gdPL{kd0$$If-0,+  t0634-ab ddddddddeeee!e"e%e&e'e hDIh,hbmHnHujh\,Uh\,jh:2Uh:2$e%e&e'egdPL9 0&P1h:p / =!"#$% $$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-$$If!vh5h5#vh#v:V - t06,5/ 34-j 666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666hH6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~ OJPJQJ_HmH nH sH tH 8`8 8*Normal_HmH sH tH Z"Z ~jE Heading 2dd@&[$\$5CJ$OJPJQJ\aJ$DA D Default Paragraph FontRi@R 0 Table Normal4 l4a (k ( 0No List j$j =<0Envelope Address &#$+D/^@ OJPJQJaJ4@4  0Header  H$..  0 Header Char4 "4  0Footer  H$.1.  0 Footer CharNAN ~jEHeading 2 Char5CJ$OJPJQJ\aJ$4UQ4 Nz0 Hyperlink >*phPK![Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢Iw},-j4 wP-t#bΙ{UTU^hd}㨫)*1P' ^W0)T9<l#$yi};~@(Hu* Dנz/0ǰ $ X3aZ,D0j~3߶b~i>3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!Ptheme/theme/theme1.xmlYOo6w toc'vuر-MniP@I}úama[إ4:lЯGRX^6؊>$ !)O^rC$y@/yH*񄴽)޵߻UDb`}"qۋJחX^)I`nEp)liV[]1M<OP6r=zgbIguSebORD۫qu gZo~ٺlAplxpT0+[}`jzAV2Fi@qv֬5\|ʜ̭NleXdsjcs7f W+Ն7`g ȘJj|h(KD- dXiJ؇(x$( :;˹! I_TS 1?E??ZBΪmU/?~xY'y5g&΋/ɋ>GMGeD3Vq%'#q$8K)fw9:ĵ x}rxwr:\TZaG*y8IjbRc|XŻǿI u3KGnD1NIBs RuK>V.EL+M2#'fi ~V vl{u8zH *:(W☕ ~JTe\O*tHGHY}KNP*ݾ˦TѼ9/#A7qZ$*c?qUnwN%Oi4 =3ڗP 1Pm \\9Mؓ2aD];Yt\[x]}Wr|]g- eW )6-rCSj id DЇAΜIqbJ#x꺃 6k#ASh&ʌt(Q%p%m&]caSl=X\P1Mh9MVdDAaVB[݈fJíP|8 քAV^f Hn- "d>znNJ ة>b&2vKyϼD:,AGm\nziÙ.uχYC6OMf3or$5NHT[XF64T,ќM0E)`#5XY`פ;%1U٥m;R>QD DcpU'&LE/pm%]8firS4d 7y\`JnίI R3U~7+׸#m qBiDi*L69mY&iHE=(K&N!V.KeLDĕ{D vEꦚdeNƟe(MN9ߜR6&3(a/DUz<{ˊYȳV)9Z[4^n5!J?Q3eBoCM m<.vpIYfZY_p[=al-Y}Nc͙ŋ4vfavl'SA8|*u{-ߟ0%M07%<ҍPK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 +_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!Ptheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] ']  xxxxx{ p+ F$%')++f- 02h57e;=?AE HJlNPS,W[=`Zcd'e3579;<>@BCEGIJLMOQSUWY[]^`bdfhklnpq p/r"%?(=+b.104 7I:<4?L?@̫A BLCD̬E FLGH̭I JLKL̮M NLOP̯Q RLST̰U VLWX̱Y ZL[V55<339$r/P1f1f1DDRJRJXJbJfJKKKK/P/PQQQQ)T)TWUWUVV/W/WcXXYYHYHYZZ[[[[8\8\(]      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456_;@@8>>$|/U1r1r1DDWJaJeJlJlJKKKK=P=PQQQQ7T7TbUbUVV7W7WhXXYY\Y\YZZ[[[[>\>\(]   !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345697*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsState96*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace;)*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsaddress:(*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsStreet=3*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName=2*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceType8'*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsCityB *urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region `y76663266632666)('663332)()()()()()()()(6''6 6)(6 6 6'67swhk}F!L!v!|!!!U#W#3';'34DDIII$I+I1IbJeJK K{KKMYUYcYjY\"\@\B\|\\\\\\\\\\\\\\%](]UWb/ 3 { [DUZ\4LOq} @^#(#B#L###A$I$^$$M&P&Y*b*,%,,,--.. /a/c1k1223333!6-6#:':L;R;;;=9=Q?]?@@0A7AvA~AABFBNBBBnCuCIDPD4EC@(״ N՜.+,0$ hp|  /~\ <Notes for the Introduction to Emergency Communications and Title  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry F\޴Data 1Table4WordDocument ;SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8MsoDataStoreݴ ޴1PB00OSAB4==2ݴ ޴Item  PropertiesUCompObj y   F'Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q