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A. adaptations B. behavioral adaptation C. mimicry D. selective breeding E. ancestor F. camouflage G. naturalist H. structural adaptation I. artificial selection J. functional adaptation K. natural selection L. variations 1. the breeding of organisms for desired characteristics 2. characteristics of a species that enable it to survive 3. explains how populations change as their environment changes 4. slight differences in the appearance of individual members of a species 5. an adaptation that involves the way an organism behaves 6. an adaptation that enables a species to blend in with its environment 7. an adaptation that involves internal body systems that affect biochemistry 8. an adaptation that involves color, shape, and other physical characteristics 9. the resemblance of one species to another species 10. the results of selective breeding 36 The Environment and Change Over Time Name Date Class   LESSON 2 The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Key Concept Who was Charles Darwin? Directions: On each line, write the word or term that correctly completes each sentence. Charles Darwin was an English 1. who lived in the 1800s. He was interested in plants and 2. , and spent long hours studying their habitats. While serving as a naturalist on the British naval ship, the 3. , Darwin had the opportunity to study plant and animal life on the 4. . What he found fascinated him. The Galpagos Islands are found off the coast of 5. in the Pacific Ocean. Darwin found the environments on the Galpagos Islands quite different. Some were 6. . Some were more humid. Others were a mix of environments. Giant 7. lived on the islands, but as Darwin learned, the tortoises on each island looked different. This made Darwin curious. Darwin also found that a variety of 8. and finches lived on the Galpagos Islands. He determined that he had come across several different 9. . Darwin realized that a 10. existed between species and food sources on the islands. Importantly, he recognized that the tortoise species were related. He believed they shared a common 11. . But, why were they so different? Some tortoises had short necks; some had long necks. Darwins observations showed that tortoises with 12. necks lived on islands with short grass. Tortoises with 13. necks could stretch them and gobble the cacti growing on the island. Darwin decided that the 14. he observed were a key to how organisms evolve. He developed the theory of evolution by 15. . This theory says that populations of organisms with 16. that help them survive in their environment live longer, compete better, and 17. more than those that do not have the variations. Darwin believed he found the understanding of how 18. change as their environments change. 38 The Environment and Change Over Time Name Date Class Content Vocabulary LESSON 3 Biological Evidence of Evolution Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. NOTE: You may need to change a term to its plural form. analogous structure comparative anatomy embryology homologous structure vestigial structure 1. The forelimbs of bats, humans, and frogs are examples of . 2. The wings of birds and flies are examples of . 3. The wings of flightless cormorants are examples of . 4. A scientist working in the field of might research the development of internal structures of organisms before the organisms are born. 5. is the study of the similarities and differences among structures of living species. Directions: On each line, write the letter of the term that correctly matches the definition. 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