ࡱ> XZWy &bjbj rN{{s 22$P$$|b6{{{5555555$9;6{{{{{66///{ 5/{5//:!5,5PQsN{C!bM5 5260b6W5Rd</d<5d<5${{/{{{{{66/{{{b6{{{{d<{{{{{{{{{2 R: Prefixes, Suffixes, and Stems The following list gives the meanings of prefixes, suffixes, and stems that are commonly used to form scientific terms. Whenever you encounter a new term in your study of biology or any science, break it apart and try to find the parts in this list. Such a habit will greatly simplify your mastery of scientific vocabulary. As an example, you might take the word nephrology. The stem nephro- is derived from the Greek word nephros, meaning kidney, while the stem log-is derived from the Greek word logos, meaning thought or study of. After some practice, you will be surprised how many new words you can define without looking them up. You should also be aware that is has often been necessary to add a vowel when combining word parts for a more pleasing pronunciation. For example, bacteri- + -logy becomes bacteriology. For the same reason it has been necessary at times to drop or change a vowel in a prefix, suffix, or stem. For example, gastro becomes gastric, the adjective pertaining to the stomach. Most scientific terms are derived from either the ancient Greek or the Latin because neither of these languages is currently in use and they are universally studied. Learning the meaning of the following word elements will help develop your biological vocabulary. Vocabulary Development Quizzes: Vocab Quizzes will be approximately once per week for the first two quarters, usually on Wednesdays. The dates are subject to change so pay attention in class and check the class website. Know meanings of all terms VERY well! You will be asked to decipher the meanings of new scientific terms that incorporate these word elements as well as the meaning of individual word elements. Each quiz will focus on a particular portion of the list, but will also include word elements from previous quizzestherefore; you will need to continuously review past material as you are responsible for it. Scientific Root Words, Prefixes, and Suffixes QUIZ #1 a-, an- not, without, lacking acou-, acous- hear acr-, acro- height ad- to, toward aden- gland adip- fat aero- air agri- field, soil alb- white alg-, -algia pain ambi- both amni- fetal membrane amphi-, ampho- both amyl- starch ana- up, back, again ante- before, ahead of time anter- front antho- flower anti- against, opposite QUIZ #2 aqu- water archaeo- primitive, ancient arteri- artery arthr- joint, articulation -ase forms names of enzymes anther- fatty deposit atmo- vapor audi- hear aur- ear auto- self bacter-, bactr- bacterium bene- well, good bi- (Latin) two twice bi-, bio- (Greek) life, living QUIZ #3 -blast- sprout, germ, bud bronch- windpipe cac-. bad calor- heat capill- hair carcin- cancer cardi- heart carn- meat, flesh carp- fruit carpal- wrist centi- hudredth cephal- head cerat- horn cerebr- brain cervic- neck chem- dealing with chemicals chlor- green chondr- cartilage QUIZ #4 chrom-, -chrome color chron- time -chym- juice circa-, circum- around, about co- with, together cocc- seed, berry coel- hollow contra- against corp- body cort-, cortic- outer layer cotyl- cup counter- against crani- skull cresc-, cret- begin to grow crypt- hidden, covered -cul-, -cule small, diminutive cumul- heaped QUIZ #5 cuti- skin cyan- blue -cycle, cycl- ring, circle -cyst- sac, pouch, bladder cyt-, -cyte cell, hollow container dactyl- finger de- away from, down deca- ten deci- tenth demi- half dent- tooth derm- skin di-, dipl- (Latin) two, double di-, dia- (Greek) through, across, apart digit- finger, toe dorm- sleep dors- back du-, duo- two -duct lead dynam- power dys- bad, abnormal, QUIZ #6 ec- out of, away from echin- spiny, prickly ecto- outside of -elle small -emia blood en-, endo-, ent- in, into, within -en made of encephal- brain enter- intestine, gut entom- insects -eous nature of, like epi- upon, above, over erythro- red ex- out of, away from extra- beyond, outside ferro- iron fibr- fiber, thread -fid, fiss- split, divided into QUIZ #7 -flect, -flex bend flor- flower foli- leaf fract- break gastr- stomach geo- land, earth -gen, -gine producer, former - gluc-, glyc- sweet, sugar gnath- jaw -gon angle, corner -grad- step gymno- naked, bare QUIZ #8 gyn- female gyr- ring, circle, spiral -hal-, -hale breathe, breath halo- salt hem- blood hemi- half hepar-, hepat- liver herb- grass, plants hetero- different, other hibern- winter hist- tissue homo- (Latin) man, human homo- (Greek) same, alike QUIZ #9 hort- garden hydr- water hyper- above, beyond over hyph- weaving, web hypo- below, under, less -iasis disease -chthy- fish ign- fire -ine of or pertaining to inter- within, inside intra- between -ism a state or condition iso- equal, same -itis inflammation, disease -ium refers to a part of the body QUIZ #10 -kary- cell nucleus kilo- thousand kine- move lact- milk lat- side -less without leuc-, leuk- white, bright, light lin- line lingu- tongue lip- fat -logy study of lumin- light macr- large malac- soft QUIZ #11 mamm- breast med- middle meg- million, great mela-, melan- black, dark mes- middle, half, intermediate met-, meta- between, along, after -meter, -metry measurement micro- small, millionth milli- thousandth mis- wrong, incorrect mito- thread mono- one, single mort- death mot- move morph- shape, form multi- many mut- change QUIZ #12 my- muscle myc- fungus mycel- threadlike myriad- many moll- soft nas- nose necr- corpse, dead nemat- thread neo- new, recent neprho- kidney neur- nerve noct-, nov- night -node knot non- not not- back nuc- center ocul- eye oct- eight odont- tooth -ond form, appearance olf- smell oligo- few, little omni- all onc- mass, tumor QUIZ #13 oo- egg opt- eye orb- circle, round, ring -orium, -ory place for something ornith- bird orth- straight, correct, right -osis abnormal condition oste- bone oto- ear -ous full of ov- egg paleo- old, ancient palm- broad, flat pan- all par-, para- beside, near, equal path-, -pathy disease, suffering pent- five QUIZ #14 per- through peri- around permea- pass through, go phag- eat pheno- show -phil- loving, fond of phon-, -phone sound -phore, pher- bear, carry photo- light phyl- related group -phyll leaf phyt-, phyte plant pino- drink pinni- feather plan- roaming, wandering plasm-, -plast- form, formed into platy- flat pleur- lung, rib, side pneumo- lungs, air -pod foot ply- many, several por- opening QUIZ #15 post- after, behind pom fruit pre- before, ahead of time prim- first pro- forward, favoring, before pseudo- false, deceptive psych mind pter- having wings or fins pulmo- lung puls- drive, push pyr- heat, fire quadr- four quin- five QUIZ #16 radi- ray re- again, back rect- right, correct ren- kidney rhin- nose rhiz- root rhodo- rose roto- wheel sacchar- sugar sapr- rotten sarc- flesh schis-, schiz- split, divide scler- hard -scop- device for seeing QUIZ #17 -scribe, -script write semi- half, partly sept- partition, seven -septic infection, sess- sit -sis condition, state sol- sun som-, somat-, -some body son- sound spec-, spic- look at -sperm- seed -spher- ball, round spir-, -spire breathe -spor- seed stat-, -stasis standing, staying QUIZ #18 stell- stars sten- narrow stern- chest, breast stom-, -stome mouth stereo- solid, 3-dimensional strict- drawn tight sub- under, below super-, sur- over, above, on top sym-, syn- together tax- arrange, put in order telo- end terr- earth, land tetr- four QUIZ #19 -the-, -thes- put -thel- cover a surface therm- heat toxico- poison top- place trache- windpipe trans- across tri- three trich- hair -trop- turn, change -troph- nourishment, one who feels ultra- beyond uni- one QUIZ #20 ur- urine -ura tail vas- vessel vect- carry ven-, vent- come ventr- belly, underside -verge turn, slant vig- strong vit-, viv- life volv- roll, -vor- devour, eat xero- dry xyl- wood zo-, -zoa animal zym- yeast        3 E N Z ! # C UXYoUеЊzЙЙvd#h(mh22"5CJOJQJ^JaJh22"hI-h22">*CJOJQJaJh22"56CJOJQJaJh22"CJOJQJaJhjh22"5CJ$OJQJaJ$hD-h22"OJQJhX!h22"6CJOJQJaJhX!h22"CJOJQJaJh#h22"5CJ,OJQJaJ,hjh22"5CJ,OJQJaJ,$d  ! 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