ࡱ>  ]bjbj 4 hhC<ooo8D|t{{"24444444o)")")"4_I))))"o2))"2))hR *4">J_0I&4IRIoR,) 44I)^)")")")"I :   Understanding sentence structure helps in identifying and correcting run-on sentences and sentence fragments. A computers spell checker does not typically catch these common mistakes, so do not rely on the spell checker to correct grammar for you. Be sure to carefully proofread all assignments for these issues. This handout defines various sentence structures, presents sample sentences, and provides strategies for correcting run-ons, comma splices, and fragments. Practice activities are included to help build skills in sentence clarity and variety. First, consider the parts of a complete sentence: Complete Sentence (Independent Clause)  Table of Contents Part I: Run-ons Strategies for avoiding run-ons (comma splices and fused sentences) (p. 2-3) Sample sentences with explanations, practice activities (with answer key) (p. 4-7) Part II: Fragments Strategies for avoiding sentence fragments (p. 8-11) Sample sentences with explanations, practice activities (with answer key) (p. 12-13) Part I: Run-On Sentences Definition: A run-on sentence either has too many independent clauses or two independent clauses that are not linked correctly. Two types of run-on sentences are fused sentences and comma splices.  Strategies for Correcting Fused Sentences: Create a compound sentence. Inserting a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) plus a comma correctly links these independent clauses. This sentence structure is called a compound sentence. Correct compound sentence: She writes the music, and he plays the guitar. independent clause + comma + coordinating conjunction + independent clause Separate independent clauses with periods and capitalization, creating simple sentences. Correct sentences: She writes the music. He plays the guitar. Insert a semi-colon. Semi-colons should be used sparingly and to connect independent clauses whose meanings are closely related. Correct sentence: She writes the music for Coldplay; he plays the guitar for that band. * Note: When more details are added to the above independent clauses, the meanings become much more closely related. Thus, a semi-colon can separate these clauses. 4. Link ideas using a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Correct Sentence: While she writes the music for Coldplay, he plays the guitar for that band. subordinate clause + comma + independent clause While is a subordinating conjunction, which makes while she writes music for Coldplay, a dependent clause. That is, the clause depends on the rest of the sentence for the overall meaning to be clear. A dependent clause cannot stand alone. Use a comma to separate a dependent clause that appears before an independent clause. *Note: A sentence constructed of one independent clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate) clauses is called a complex sentence.  Strategies for Correcting Comma Splices: Insert a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Correct Sentences: She writes the music for Coldplay, but he plays the guitar for that band. She writes the music for Coldplay, and he plays the guitar for that band. Remember, the coordinating conjunction appears after the comma. *Note: Again, consider meaning before joining sentences. If the sentences are not closely connected, it may be best to keep them separate. Think about these two independent clauses: Today I was late for class. I will have a burrito for dinner tonight. Since these ideas are distinct, keep the sentences separate. Insert a semi-colon. Correct Sentence: She writes the music for Coldplay; he plays the guitar for that band. Again, to join two independent clauses with a semi-colon, be sure that their meanings are closely connected. The Tutoring Center has a separate handout on semi-colon usage. * See pages 4-7 for further explanation of these strategies as well as sample sentences and practice activities. Run-On Sentences: Examples and Explanations Examples: It was raining Naomi could not find her umbrella. (Fused) It was raining, Naomi could not find her umbrella. (Comma Splice) How to fix these run-ons: Step 1: Identify the independent clauses. It was raining + Naomi could not find her umbrella. subject + verb phrase subject + verb phrase (direct object) Step 2: Use one of the below strategies. Period + Capital Letter (Separate Sentences) It was raining. Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V. S +V Comma + Coordinating Conjunction (Compound Sentence) It was raining, and Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V , and S + V Semi-Colon It was raining; Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V ; S + V Subordinating Conjunction + Comma (Complex Sentence) Though it was raining, Naomi could not find her umbrella. dependent clause , S + V *Note: Use the Tutoring Centers Transitions/Grammar Aid Handout to help identify coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Ask a tutor if you are unclear about the meanings of these conjunctions or in which situations to use them. Practice: Avoiding Run-Ons Correct the following run-on sentences by using the strategies previously discussed. I moved to the United States when I was young it was easy to learn English, my parents were already here, they knew English already. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Juan and David recognized each other they had been in the first grade together. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Her car would not start she was late for class. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The parents ate the baby slept in her stroller. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Eli wants to quit smoking this habit is too expensive. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Avoiding Run-Ons: Answer Key and Explanations I moved to the United States when I was young it was easy to learn English, my parents were already here, they knew English. Strategy 1: Period + Capital Letter (Separate Sentences) I moved to the United States when I was young. S + V (prepositional phrase) (dependent clause) It was easy to learn English. S + V (adverb phrase) My parents were already here. They knew English. S + V (adverb phrase). S + V (direct object) Strategy 2: Coordinating Conjunction + Comma (Compound Sentence) I moved to the United States when I was young, and it was easy to learn English. S + V , and S + V My parents were already here, so they knew English. S + V , so S + V Strategy 3: Semi-Colon I moved to the United States when I was young; it was easy to learn English. S + V ; S + V My parents were already here; they knew English. S + V ; S + V Strategy 4: Subordination (Complex Sentence) Because I moved to the United States when I was young, it was easy to learn English. (dependent clause) + , S + V Because is a subordinating conjunction that makes the first clause dependent on the second clause. Do not use a coordinating conjunction to link a dependent clause and an independent clause; rather, use only a comma. For example: Since my parents were already here, they knew English. *Note: This run-on sentence can also be corrected using a combination of the above strategies. I moved to the United States when I was young, so it was easy to learn English. (compound sentence) Because my parents were already here, they knew English. (complex sentence) More suggested answers: Juan and David recognized each other; they had been in the first grade together. S + V ; S + V (prepositional phrase) Juan and David recognized each other, for they had been in the first grade together. S + V , for S + V Since they had been in the first grade together, Juan and David recognized each other. Since + dependent clause , S + V Juan and David recognized each other. They had been in the first grade together. S + V. S + V Now its starting to make sense: 3. Her car would not start, so she was late for class. Her car would not start, and she was late for class. Her car would not start. She was late for class. Because her car would not start, she was late for class. Her car would not start; she was late for class. (correct, but not the best choice) 4. While the parents ate, the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate as the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate. The baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate, and the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate; the baby slept in her stroller. 5. Eli wants to quit smoking. This habit is too expensive. Eli wants to quit smoking; this habit is too expensive. Eli wants to quit smoking, for this habit is too expensive. Since this habit is too expensive, Eli wants to quit smoking. A more logical, concise construction using subordination would read as follows: Since smoking is too expensive, Eli wants to quit. Part II: Sentence Fragments  There are several types of fragments. See pages 9-11 for detailed explanations and techniques for correcting fragments. Pages 12-13 include practice activities and an answer key. Types of Fragments Each example below illustrates a different type of sentence fragment. Any fragment can be corrected by linking the fragment to an independent clauseone which comes before or after it and which makes sense within the paragraph.  Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns afterhowunlesswhicheveralthoughif untilwhileasin order that/towhatwhetheras ifoncewhateverwhoas soon asrather thanwhenwhoeveras thoughsincewheneverwhombecauseso thatwherewhomeverbeforethanwhereaswhoseeven ifthatwhereverwhyeven thoughthoughwhich Strategies for correcting subordinating conjunction and relative pronoun fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct Sentences: While I was waiting for my car to be repaired, I read a magazine. dependent clause , S + V Notice the use of the comma after the dependent clause (because the dependent clause falls at the beginning of the sentence). I had to ride the bus while I was waiting for my car to be repaired. S + V dependent phrase *Note: When a dependent (subordinate) clause comes after the independent clause, it is usually unnecessary to place a comma after that independent clause. Whether or not a comma is needed depends on the meaning of the sentence. 2. Remove the subordinating conjunction/relative pronoun. Correct sentence: I was waiting for my car to be repaired. S + V  Strategies for correcting ing fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct sentences: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology, she was not hired as an English instructor. dependent ing phrase , S + V She designed the new science exhibit, her expertise being in chemistry and biology. S + V , dependent ing phrase 2. Correct the verb form. Correct sentences: Her expertise is in chemistry and biology. Her expertise was in chemistry and biology. *Note: Sometimes you will also need to add a subject and correct the verb form. See the next page for an example. . Strategies for correcting missing subject fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct Sentences: Security set off the alarm, evacuated the building, and closed all the entrances. In the above sentence, it is clear that the subject, the doer of the actions, is security. 2. Add the missing subject. Correct Sentence: Security set off the alarm and evacuated the building. Next, they closed all the entrances. *Note: In this sentence, the pronoun they renames the subject, security.  Transition Words Indicating a List or Examples alsoespeciallyexceptfor instanceincludingin additionfurthermorefor examplesuch asnext Strategies for correcting extra information fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct sentence: Many Americans take basic amenities for granted, for example, clean water and electricity. S + V , dependent phrase 2. Add the missing subject and verb. Correct sentence: For example, basic amenities include clean water and electricity. transitional phrase, S + V Practice: Avoiding Fragments Correct these sentences using the strategies previously discussed. The dog loved his new toys. Especially the ones that squeaked. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Maggie remembered her childhood. Her mother making pancakes for dinner in the small apartment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ She decided to meet her new friend in a public place. That they had arranged over e-mail. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Because she met him on MySpace. She thought it was a good idea to be cautious. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I cannot wait until Presidents Day. Finally, a day off. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Avoiding Fragments: Answers and Explanations The dog loved his new toys, especially the ones that squeaked. S + V , dependent clause The dog loved his new toys. He especially loved the ones that squeaked. S + V. S + V Maggie remembered her childhood, especially her mother making pancakes for dinner in the S + V, dependent clause small apartment. Maggie remembered her childhood. Her mother made pancakes in the small apartment. S + V. S + V (correct form) She decided to meet her new friend in a public place that they had arranged over email. S + V dependent clause She decided to meet her new friend in a public place. They had arranged a place over email. S + V. S + V Because she met him on MySpace, she thought it was a good idea to be cautious. dependent clause, S + V She thought it was a good idea to be cautious; she met him on MySpace. S + V ; S+ V 5. I cannot wait until Presidents Day, finally, a day off. S +V, dependent phrase I cannot wait until Presidents Day. Finally, we have a day off. S + V. S + V     BCCC Tutoring Center PAGE  PAGE 1 Avoiding Run-On Sentences, Comma Splices, and Fragments A complete sentence has (minimally) two parts, a subject and a verb. A sentence must also express a complete thought. Such a phrase consisting of a subject and a verb (with complete meaning) is also called an independent clause. Example: He writes music. This sentence has a subject and verb. This sentence also expresses a complete thought, so its meaning is clear. he=subject (S) writes=verb (V) music=direct object (DO) Fused Sentence Definition: A fused sentence consists of two independent clauses, but both the comma and coordinating conjunction are missing. Example of a Fused Sentence: She writes the music he plays the guitar. She writes the music and he plays the guitar are each independent clauses, containing a subject and a verb and expressing complete thoughts. He plays the guitar is an independent clause that can stand alone because it expresses a complete thought and is grammatically correct. he=subject (S) plays=verb (V) guitar=direct object (DO) However, in the above example, the independent clause, She writes the music, incorrectly runs into a second independent clause, he plays the guitar. 2. Comma Splice Definition: A comma splice consists of two or more independent clauses that follow one another and are incorrectly linked together only with a comma (or commas). The coordinating conjunction is missing. Example of a Comma Splice: She writes the music, he plays the guitar. In the above sentence, a comma separates the two independent clauses, but a coordinating conjunction is also necessary. 1. Subordinating Conjunction and Relative Pronoun Fragments Example: While I was waiting for my car to be repaired. How to find this type of fragment: When proofreading a paper, pay attention to subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns. These words (see box below) turn subjects and verbs into dependent clauses. Identifying proper usage of dependent clauses can help in recognizing fragments. 2. -ing Fragments Example: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology. How to find an -ing fragment: If the only verb in the sentence ends in ing and does not have a helping verb, you have a fragment. While the word being is a verb, in the above sentence, it is not properly formed. In the below sentence, notice that the -ing verb has a helping verb: I was walking down the street when it started raining. (This sentence is correct. Was functions as the helping verb.) When added to a verb, -ing sometimes makes a verb do the job of a noun: Walking outdoors is my favorite form of exercise. (In this sentence, walking is a noun that functions as the subject. Is functions as the main verb.) 3. Missing Subject Fragments Example: Security set off the alarm and evacuated the building. Next, closed all the entrances. How to find this type of fragment: The second phrase above (noted in bold) is a fragment because there is no subject. Entrances is a noun, but it is the object of the verb closed. Who or what is closing the entrances is unknown. That is, the subject of the sentence is missing. 4. Extra Information Fragments Example: For instance, clean water and electricity. How to find and fix this type of fragment: In these kinds of fragments, usually the verb is missing. Watch out for transitional phrases that signal an example, a list, added details, or information, such as those listed in the box below. Definition: A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence. Most fragments are missing the subject, the verb, or both. Identifying some fragments can be confusing because they may actually contain a subject and a verb. However, these nouns and verbs do not form an independent clause when they follow subordinating conjunctions, adverbs, or relative pronouns. (See below for an explanation of these terms.) Example of a sentence fragment: After the party starts. party=subject starts=verb This phrase has a noun and a verb; however, the subordinating conjunction after makes it a dependent clause. Therefore, this dependent clause needs to be linked to an independent clause. Correct sentence: After the party starts, I will be able to relax. (complex sentence) I will be able to relax is an independent clause that can stand alone. It expresses a complete thought. Remember to separate a dependent clause and an independent clause with a comma (when the dependent clause appears before the independent clause). *9EHpsA C 5 6 k ¾ѺͲwrmiah-h-5h- hP!5 h&5h h5>* h35 h 5hjh UmHnHu h 5>*hk4h 5>*h hP!ho+hbhk4h#u h=Dh=Dh^fhCQS ho+h=Dhh5CJ aJ jhZxqUmHnHuh 5CJ aJ $B C 6 7 j k $]`a$gd  ]`gd  ]^gd  ]^gdigdo+$a$gd  j k   $a$gdgd & FD]Dgd3 & F]gd3 ]`gd{P ]^gd  & F ]gd- ]^gd& ]`gd       & 8 9 : M ` b e h i j k r t ~    ̹牁ā}}ha9hplhP!5hh{Phk45hk4hP!hP!5h hk4hk45 hP!5 hP!h&hP! h-hplh-hP!5 h-hP! h-h-h-h-5 h-5h{Phplh&h-h-h&51      ' ( ) * + 5 7 I P Q p q Ƹ}yuyuyqmiqybWOKh#?hCQSh#?>*htUh*htUh 5>*CJaJh*CJaJh5>*CJaJha95>*CJaJhCQSh5>*CJaJh5>*CJaJhh5>*CJaJh%h%>*CJaJh%hW5>*CJaJ h5>*  ) * + ' ( D IgdtU 8h^8`hgd$dgdw^gd#? & F gd$dh^hgd$dh^hgd*hwhw>*h |hwCJaJh1w5hw>* hw6hh6hw h5h[hw5 h[5h$dh$d5>*CJaJh*h*h |hwCJaJhbh?] h.,5 htU5 hO5 h$dhOh[h}5h}hOh}5hOhw5 hWh$dhcGCJaJhtUhtUCJaJhtUCJaJhtUh$dhwh[h )EF\%'| h^`hgdOgd^gdW^gd | 8h^8`hgd#?8^8gdw^gd#? & Fgd |8^8gd |^gdw8^8gdO & Fgd$d 8h^8`hgd$d$%&')-/0oy{"$%*+,DLùᵱᦡxtppi h4h4h(khtU htUhtUhtUhtU>*h#?h}5 hOU5 htU5h#?h(k5 hO5 hWhwhWh |h~;Wh |h[5>*h |h |5h |h[CJaJh |h4CJaJhwh[h h[h[>*h |hbCJaJ(%sTUKgd & F"gd2Ph^hgd^Dh^hgd*hThT5hWhOUCJ aJ h}h0ah0a6h0ahCQShhCQSh46hqh4h4h46htUhtU6CJaJhcGCJaJhtUhtUCJaJhtUCJaJh(kh hCQSh45% */CQiv{º}rjb^ZhJThzahzahza5hzah6hJThzaCJaJhCJaJh$dhbO5hd+hbOhbOhbO>*hJTh>*CJaJh hza5hh5hJTh5hWh^D>*CJaJh*h2PhaCJaJ(jh2PhWCJUaJmHnHu# U+,CDM^gdD & F gd^D ^`gdza^gdzagdza ^`gd^gdbO ^`gdd+^gd  *+,CDT JLMNPQR`ƿƻưyncWhP!h?]5CJaJhqhqCJaJh"h"CJaJhWh^,CJaJh^,h2Ph?]5h2Phb5h2Ph2P5h2PhZ5hZh | hhbOhJhbO hDhzahDhbOhD>*h^Dh^DCJaJhzahza5hhd+hzahJThzahJTCJaJ MNOP;<#z{`gd^Dgdagd?]$a$gd?] h]^hgd^,gd/:;<[n {|ļuph`XTh^Dh^Dh}(5h^DhP!5h^Dh^D5 ha5hJZha5>*h*hz_h^Xh^X6 h}(h}(h}(h'(h^X5 h(35hah^X5>*hcGh7h=h^Xh'(h}(5haha5>*hah}(5>*hah(35>* h^Dh^Dh^Dh^D5 hmE5 ha5hJZha5>*(GH89h^hgd & Fgd tgda$a$gda9 gd'( gdi ^`gd(3 & Fgdagd?]EFGHNn$ǿۭ۩ۥ{oc_ha9ha9ha95CJ aJ h{ha95CJaJha95CJ aJ ha9ha95CJaJh"hP!CJ aJ hWg5 hP!5h5Whh(qhP!h.,hP!5>*hP!hP!5hih7hmEh=hDh'(h'(h^X5 h(35hah(35>*hah'(5>*"89:6789JQ`hij    I !/!!!!!!!!!ĹЭ̩ЩЩЄ̀wsh{hi5CJaJhP!h5Whg CJ aJ h3 hihx h5Whx CJ aJ hThx hah5WCJ aJ h5WhVCJ aJ hVCJaJhVhg hihh5WhCJ aJ h h^,5 h5 ha5 ha9h'(,9:789ij   H I .!/!!!!!h^hgdg  & Fgdg h^hgdx  & Fgdx h^hgdV & FgdVh^hgd!!!!""""""#S#T#z####9$:$;$}$~$$^gdAM^gdgdQ & FgdAMgd?]gd"$a$gda9h^hgdV!!""s"""""""""""""""##3#R#T#U#V#X#Y#\#y#z#####################hhAM5>*h ahh>* hhh h>*hh5>*hcG hhhhAM>*h hQ5>*hQhAM5>* h*h"hAM h5ha9h5CJaJhuI5CJaJ2###$7$8$:$;$D$U$|$}$~$$$$$$$$$$%%%$%%%&%'%0%1%5%F%G%K%L%P%X%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&þúh  hcG6h ah a6h h a5>* h ah ah7 h a6 h[6h[h h a>* hQ5>*hQh a5>* h*hQhcGh ahAMh"<$%%&%Z%%%%%%%P&Q&&&&&&&@'''(()))gdjgdwH R^gd a^gdAM& &'&H&O&Q&R&[&\&`&o&s&t&x&&&&&&&&"'$'%'('7'8'@'X'_'c''''''''''(6(g(o(((((((((hwHhwH5h[h"5h"hh h 6h h 6CJaJh[hna:h hna:h a>*hQhQ5>*hQh a5>* h*h h a>*h h a5>*h7h ah 3(()))j)k)))))))))))))****************+&+E+x++++++++,,, ,!,$,%,-,J,K,,,,,,ʾʺʾʺʺʰʬʡh hhh5Whna:h 5>*hhcGhna:h >*h h h 5 h 5 h{Wh7h{WhwHhjh 5ph"hwHh"5>*<))))=***+F+G++++K,,,,,,,--h^hgd5WgdO=+h`hgdO=+^gd5W^gd  & Fgd h^hgd h`hgdi Rgd{W,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,- ------!---.-3-:-;-D-J-M-N-P-Q-Y-e-k-r-t----------------------.ɺɬhZshahh5>* hhhh>*hhh6 ha>*hh5W>*h5Whhh5W5 h5hh5@--.-e-f----..<.B.z.|.....%/&/'/e/f/h^hgdh^hgd_e&h^hgd h^hgdZsh^hgd5Wh^hgd .. . . ...$.%.*.G.R.S.V.W.Y....................../// ///$/%/&/'/)/*/+/.///4/D/G/̼hh5 h h hO=+>* h >*h hh>*hZshZs5>*hZshZs5hZshZs6hZshZs>*hhZs>*hZs hhZs hhhhZsh6 h66G/L/Q/R/T/c/d/e/f/i/j/o//////////////////////00 000 0!0"00090G0[0r0s0t000000鲧頛hS)5>*CJ aJ h5h55CJ aJ ha95 hO=+hh3h3CJaJh h36h h36 h6hh6 hh h3>*hh>* h>*h3hh3h3>* h3h34f/////!0s0t00000000000w1 R0^`0gdS) Rgd5$a$gda9$ R^a$gd5`gdO=+`gd3gd h^hgd hh^h`hgd00000000000v1x1111111111111*2@2c2f2ƿ|xtxld`\XPhS)h)6h)h" hfh)hf6h)h)6hGueh!I hc@hFhyy5CJaJhyyhyy5CJaJhy hF5hFhS)5hS)h9ajh9aUmHnHu h9ahS)hCJ aJ h5CJ aJ hS)ha95>*CJ aJ hS)h5>*CJ aJ hS)hU-5>*CJ aJ w1111111111111111222 R^gd!I R^gdWg$ R^a$gd% $ Ra$gdl Rgd5 R0^`0gdS)f2g2m2{2222222222222222222222333 3 3 3 333!3"3)3+303135363>3?3B3D3N3O3Z3[3_3`3g3i3r3s3x3ļh5hCVCJaJh5hzsCJaJh5h-CJaJh%hO=+CJaJhhPo5 hF5 hWg5jhWgUmHnHuhWghWgCJaJhWgh%hfh)hS)hf6822222222 R$IfgdCV RgdPo $ Ra$gd222233]PPPP R$IfgdCVkd$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytT3 3 33"3*3]PPPP R$IfgdCVkd$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytT*3+31363?3C3]PPPP R$IfgdCVkdp$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytTC3D3O3[3`3h3]PPPP R$IfgdCVkd($$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytTh3i3s3y333]PPPP R$IfgdCVkd$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytTx3y333333333333333333333333333333333333333L4O4P4Q44444444444ƻƶˉh5hB hB >*hbOhB >* hB hB hB hB 5CJaJ hB 5 h5hWgh5CJaJ h55 hPo5hIh55>* h5h5hCJaJh5hzsCJaJh5hCVCJaJ5333333]PPPP R$IfgdCVkd$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytT333333]PPPP R$IfgdCVkdP$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytT333333]PPPP R$IfgdCVkd$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytT333333]PPPP R$IfgdCVkd$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytT333P4Q444]TGG:: 0^gd5 R^gd a Rgdlkdx$$IfTl\kS;#064 lalytT444S5T5555*6]6^6_667M7N777777 0^gdK< 0^gd5 ^gdWg 0gdl 0^gdl 0^gd544444 55(5I5K5L5M5R5S5T5X5Y5555555555555)6*6/6J6K6L6\6]6^6_6`6d6e6L7ƺ𲮲𮢮uqhWghlhWg5>* hWg5hWgh!ICJaJhWghWgCJaJh!Ih!I6h!Ih!I5h)h!Ihsch!I>*hlhF6hlhFhWghPoCJaJhcG hPo5hPohPo5 hPo6 hF6h5hschPo>*hPo*L7M7N7Q7X7\7p7v777777777777777777777778 8 8S8T8Ž̹yrh]X hgD 5hK<hB CJaJh:qhB 5>* h 95>* h>5>*(jhK<h>CJUaJmHnHuhK<hE-?5 hjuS5 hK<hjuShcGh!Ihsch!I>*h5hB hB >* hB hB hB 5hB h!I5CJaJhB 5CJaJ hxH5 h!I5 h55hWg hlhWg"7777777 8 8T8U8j8899f99999 gd8k ^gdB R^gdxH R^gd$ & Rgd R^gdB  RgdK<T8U8V8g8k888888888889999999999g9h9999999999999999 ::::%:(:::A:C:߽߮ߪŞ߅߁߅߁hQCPhB hsc6hB hsc5CJaJ h!I5 hxH5 hsch>hjuShschsc6 hB hB h8khcG hsc5hschsc5 hsc6hschsc>*hschg hg hg >*hB hB hgD 5CJaJ2999:C:D:::::::::::::::;; R^gdI R`gd2< RgdK< ^gdK< ^gdB C:D:E:I:[:z:}:~:::::::::::::;;;;J;K;O;_;`;b;;;;ÿ~ymia\iXTXhhhE hh>*h2>h2>>*h2>h2>hE5CJaJ h2>5hWghICJaJ hI5>*hIhI5hIhI5>* hWg5>*#jh>h>5UmHnHuh2<h>hK<hGh^hWghWghWg6hB hQCPhB hQCP5>*hB hB 5hWghQCPCJaJ ;J;K;c;;;<<3<4<K<<<<<| hRgd8k h^gd8k hR^gd2> h^gdh Rgd8k ^`gd~q^gd2>T^Tgd2> ^gd2> R^gdI R^gd2>;;;;;;;<<<<0<2<3<4<8<H<J<K<O<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<ɽބzuqmiehXWhK<hjuSh8k hXA6hhhh5>*hhhh5hXAhzmCJaJ hQCPhzmhzmhzm6hzm h2>h2>h2>h2>>*h2>h2>h2>5CJaJ hzm5 h2>5 hXAh8khWghXAhn(hn(hn(CJaJ hQCPhEhEhh$<<<====3=4=9=D=K=X=b= R$IfgdPo R^gdPo $ Ra$gdWg RgdK< hRgd8k <<=====2=3=4=5===========>> >$>4>;>Žwowd_ZOKCKhXAhXA>*hXAhXAhCJaJ h5 hXA5htbhXACJaJhxshXA5hXAhXA5>* h<-n5>* hXW5>*h8kh8kCJaJhXWhjuShGh-hSmhXACJ aJ hSmhSm5hSmhWg5hK<CJaJhXWhXW5CJ aJ hXW5hhSmCJ aJ +jhhSm5CJ UaJ mHnHub=c=o={====G::::: R$IfgdPokd0$$IfTlr3q% t0644 laytXAT======G>>>> Rgd8kkd$$IfTlr3q% t0644 laytXAT=======> >7>>>???'?(????? ^gdXA ^gdxs R^gdPo Rgd8k h^gdXA R^gdXA R^gd;>>>>>>>>???? ? ?%?&?'?(?-?=?>???D????????????????#@ûtib ha9ha9h6h6CJaJha9h-5CJ aJ ha9ha95CJ aJ hha9CJaJha9 h6 h-6 hXA6 hq6hh-hxshXAhxs>* hxs5hh-5CJaJ h5 h-5 hXA5hXWh8k h,N6hh6hXAh&?????$@%@e@f@AAiAAA-B.BB5Ch^hgdMD & F RgdMDh^hgd R^gd & F Rgd Rgd6$ R^a$gda9 R^gdPo Rgd~q#@$@%@9@Z@[@d@e@f@AA.BoBsBBBB6CC3D;DlDmDEE!E"E#E5E7EGEOEQEfEEEEEEEEʷxxtogh("h("6 h("5h`,ha9h("5CJ aJ huI5CJ aJ ha9huI5CJ aJ h65CJ aJ h RL5h RLCJ aJ h("CJ aJ h5Wh("CJ aJ h("hhMDh5WhMDCJ aJ hMh5WhCJ aJ hh6h- ha95 ha9h-(5C6CC2D3DmDEEEEEEE E!E"E#EPEQEEE & Fgd("$a$gda9gd(" R^gd("h^hgd(" & F Rgd(" & F RgdMDh^hgdMDEEEFdFeFfFFG-G.GGGGG6HHHHaIbI R^gd RL & F RgdR* R^gdR* R^gd6E & Fgd6Eh^hgd6Eh^hgd("EEF.F/FDFcFeFfFFFGG-GGGGGGHHH!H6H=HnHHHHHHHHAI`IbIcIIII;J*h*h |hW>*hW hCQShW hW>*h*h^fh CJaJ- MMMMMMMMGNmNnNNNOOPPgd ^`gd*CJaJh%hWg5CJaJhWghWgCJaJhhWCJaJh}o6hW>* hW5h?]hW5h |hW>*hahW5CJaJhahW5CJaJ hWhWh^DhWhWCJaJ hW6hWhtUhWCJ aJ hSOSSSSSST T TTTTCTbTcTdTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT"Uʾ蟗{s{{ooh 9hWhW6hWhQ$hWg6 h5s6h>h>CJaJhK<hWg5 hK<5h2>hWg6CJaJhWghWg5>*CJaJhWghWg5CJaJhtbhWgCJ aJ h6g)hWgCJ aJ h5hWg>*hWgh%hWgCJaJhlhWg5'RRRRSSSS T TTTBTCTcTdT"U#U Rgdtb R^gdK< R^gd$ & R^gdPo R^gd) ] R^gd% R^gdWpe"U#UJUPUmUxUUUUUUUVVV1V2VBVFVIVRVbVwVxV{VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVپݶݩݚqeh:qh>6CJaJh:qh>5>*CJaJh:qh>5CJaJh>h>CJ aJ hWgh1-hWgCJaJh5shtbhtb6 hI6htbh~q6h 9hQ$hK<6hK<hK<h~qCJ aJ hIh~qh~qhW6hWhW6hWhK<htbCJ aJ &#UkUUU2VVVVVVVVVPWQWtWuWoXpXqX Rgd2R R^gd> RgdK< R^gd) ] R^gd~q R^gdWVVV0W@WNWOWPWQWbWjWtWuWWWWWWXXX X X XXXXnXoXpXqXrXuXXXXXXXXXXĿ̿贩un hzmhWghxshWgCJaJh2>hWg5 h2>hWgh2>hWg5>*CJaJh2>hWg5CJaJhK<hWgCJ aJ hWg hK<h> h>6hEh>6hn(h>6 hQCPh> h>5hn(h>5h>hh>CJaJhIh>5)qXrXXXXXXXXXYYYYmZZ[\[][^[]gdS) ]`gdy ]^gdy$a$gda9 RgdK< hR^gd2>XXXXYYYYYYZZ Z&Z*ZZZZ [[+[\[^[|[[[[ \\~\\\\\\\\\\\]]]ŴŬŬŧşżō{skh9ah9a6hS)h9a6hcG hU-h9a h.,h9a hh9ahU-h9aCJaJh9aCJaJ h9a>*hU-h9a6h}h9a6 h9a6h .h9ahU-h9a>* h9ah9ahK<hWgCJ aJ hWghxshWgCJaJh2>hWg5 hWg5*^[[[[[\\\\\\]]]]] Rgd) ] Rgd5 R]^gdS)$ R]^a$gdS) R]gd., ]^gdS) ]`gdS)hh]^h`hgd^,]]] h("h("hS]]h^hgd("21h:p/ =!"#$`% $$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$Ifl!vh5555#v#v:V l06554alytT$$If!vh55555#v#v:V l t0655ytXAT$$If!vh55555#v#v:V l t0655ytXAT^ 2 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~_HmH nH sH tH @`@ zmNormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA`D Default Paragraph FontRi@R  Table Normal4 l4a (k (No List jj G Table Grid7:V04@4 ^fHeader  !4 @4 ^fFooter  !.)@!.   Page Number6U16  Hyperlink >*B*phPK![Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢Iw},-j4 wP-t#bΙ{UTU^hd}㨫)*1P' ^W0)T9<l#$yi};~@(Hu* Dנz/0ǰ $ X3aZ,D0j~3߶b~i>3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!Ptheme/theme/theme1.xmlYOo6w toc'vuر-MniP@I}úama[إ4:lЯGRX^6؊>$ !)O^rC$y@/yH*񄴽)޵߻UDb`}"qۋJחX^)I`nEp)liV[]1M<OP6r=zgbIguSebORD۫qu gZo~ٺlAplxpT0+[}`jzAV2Fi@qv֬5\|ʜ̭NleXdsjcs7f W+Ն7`g ȘJj|h(KD- dXiJ؇(x$( :;˹! I_TS 1?E??ZBΪmU/?~xY'y5g&΋/ɋ>GMGeD3Vq%'#q$8K)fw9:ĵ x}rxwr:\TZaG*y8IjbRc|XŻǿI u3KGnD1NIBs RuK>V.EL+M2#'fi ~V vl{u8zH *:(W☕ ~JTe\O*tHGHY}KNP*ݾ˦TѼ9/#A7qZ$*c?qUnwN%Oi4 =3ڗP 1Pm \\9Mؓ2aD];Yt\[x]}Wr|]g- eW )6-rCSj id DЇAΜIqbJ#x꺃 6k#ASh&ʌt(Q%p%m&]caSl=X\P1Mh9MVdDAaVB[݈fJíP|8 քAV^f Hn- "d>znNJ ة>b&2vKyϼD:,AGm\nziÙ.uχYC6OMf3or$5NHT[XF64T,ќM0E)`#5XY`פ;%1U٥m;R>QD DcpU'&LE/pm%]8firS4d 7y\`JnίI R3U~7+׸#m qBiDi*L69mY&iHE=(K&N!V.KeLDĕ{D vEꦚdeNƟe(MN9ߜR6&3(a/DUz<{ˊYȳV)9Z[4^n5!J?Q3eBoCM m<.vpIYfZY_p[=al-Y}Nc͙ŋ4vfavl'SA8|*u{-ߟ0%M07%<ҍPK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 +_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!Ptheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK] :u U  :u U  #.;;;> 2L|!#&(,.G/0f2x34L7T8C:;<;>#@EKMOR"UVX]]/23568:;=?ACDGHJKMOPRT[bcegikoqtvxz|~  M{9!$)--f/w1223*3C3h333333479;<b===?5CEbIK MPR#UqX^[]]01479<>@BEFILNQSUVWXYZ\]^_`adfhjlmnprsuwy{}#*.57>!!8@ (  V   #  "? P    "? b  C "? \  3 "? b  C "? V  # "? b  C "? \  3  "?  b  C "? B S  ? (*/24U &0T .t" T'T'M T'T'~ T`'XT' T' T$Ri$T$$h$TMl$h"$h$D"$4h$tk$l$k$<$Tk$4k$:$:$;$ $4 $t )!)!U     "",,6!6!U 9*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsplace=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceName=*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PlaceTypeB*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagscountry-region 8Oi//0011CCCCCCCCCCCCCCKKTLWLLLLMOMMNUT_s ~ U X L N CK#-   ENl!t!!!"";#A#X$\$ %%%%&&x)z)----..//00226677o9t9==*>.>?!???A AAAFBJBZC`CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEGFSFFGGG"I%IJJLAL0OOOmRqRRRSSSSTTU3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333////22222222444455555577CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDDDDDEEEEEEEnFnFGGHHHHHHHHIIUJUJWJWJKKKKKKLLLLbLbLcLdLLLLLLLLL!MNNNNNNoPpPpPqPqPrPrPPPQQQQQQRRmRmRRRSS\S\STTUUUUUUCCCCCCCCCCCCCCU"5<.5P8?CZZP,H J%ok{ :^P |@yG"2 fa%bK,֘;x/X 0wr5\2f6:R\:tV:^nD?>rW,BnG^GYRCЀ+Cx/UDjuTETö EM֘Of`LeKP֒ rPl?zTTlFiPVªb'eZb8(^gSi԰bq>^U_vVT{ĄzdL#88^8`o(. ^`hH.  L ^ `LhH.   ^ `hH. xx^x`hH. HLH^H`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.8^`5o(.8 ^`hH.8 pLp^p`LhH.8 @ @ ^@ `hH.8 ^`hH.8 L^`LhH.8 ^`hH.8 ^`hH.8 PLP^P`LhH.@^`OJQJo(hH@00^0`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@  ^ `OJQJo(hH@  ^ `OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@pp^p`OJQJo(hH@@@^@`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@^`OJQJo(hH^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.h^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`5o(hH.hpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH@00^0`OJQJo(hH@pp^p`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@^`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJo(hH@PP^P`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@  ^ `OJQJo(hH^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.8  ^ `o(.8   ^ `hH.8  L ^ `LhH.8 xx^x`hH.8 HH^H`hH.8 L^`LhH.8 ^`hH.8 ^`hH.8 L^`LhH.^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.@``^``OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@pp^p`OJQJo(hH@@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@^`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@PP^P`OJQJo(hH^`o(. pp^p`hH. @ L@ ^@ `LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. PP^P`hH.  L ^ `LhH.h ^`hH.h pp^p`hH.h @ L@ ^@ `LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h PP^P`hH.h  L ^ `LhH.8^`o(.8 ^`hH.8 pLp^p`LhH.8 @ @ ^@ `hH.8 ^`hH.8 L^`LhH.8 ^`hH.8 ^`hH.8 PLP^P`LhH.8@ @ ^@ `o(.8 @ @ ^@ `hH.8 L^`LhH.8 ^`hH.8 ^`hH.8 L^`LhH.8 PP^P`hH.8   ^ `hH.8 L^`LhH.88^8`o(. ^`hH.  L ^ `LhH.   ^ `hH. xx^x`hH. HLH^H`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.88^8`o(. ^`hH.  L ^ `LhH.   ^ `hH. xx^x`hH. HLH^H`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.^`5o(. pp^p`hH. @ L@ ^@ `LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. PP^P`hH.  L ^ `LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.h^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh ^`o(hH.hpp^p`OJQJo(hHh@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHohPP^P`OJQJo(hH^`5o(. pp^p`hH. @ L@ ^@ `LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. PP^P`hH.  L ^ `LhH.^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.@``^``OJQJo(hH@ 88^8`o(hH.@pp^p`OJQJo(hH@@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@^`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@PP^P`OJQJo(hH^`5o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.@^`OJQJo(hH@00^0`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@  ^ `OJQJo(hH@  ^ `OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@pp^p`OJQJo(hH@@@^@`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@^`OJQJo(hHh88^8`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHhxx^x`OJQJ^Jo(hHohHH^H`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh ^`hH.h ^`hH.h pLp^p`LhH.h @ @ ^@ `hH.h ^`hH.h L^`LhH.h ^`hH.h ^`hH.h PLP^P`LhH.@  ^ `OJQJo(hH@``^``OJQJ^Jo(hHo@00^0`OJQJo(hH@  ^ `OJQJo(hH@  ^ `OJQJ^Jo(hHo@^`OJQJo(hH@pp^p`OJQJo(hH@@@^@`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@^`OJQJo(hHh hh^h`o(hH.h 88^8`o(hH. L^`LhH.   ^ `hH.   ^ `hH. xLx^x`LhH. HH^H`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH.hhh^h`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh88^8`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hHh  ^ `OJQJo(hHh  ^ `OJQJ^Jo(hHohxx^x`OJQJo(hHhHH^H`OJQJo(hHh^`OJQJ^Jo(hHoh^`OJQJo(hH^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH.@``^``OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@pp^p`OJQJo(hH@@ @ ^@ `OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@^`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJo(hH@^`OJQJ^Jo(hHo@PP^P`OJQJo(hH8^`o(. pp^p`hH. @ L@ ^@ `LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. PP^P`hH.  L ^ `LhH.^`o(. ^`hH. pLp^p`LhH. @ @ ^@ `hH. ^`hH. L^`LhH. ^`hH. ^`hH. PLP^P`LhH."%bK,:^P zd5eKPH D?>zT+C%r5V: 0VT{Si;x/:yG"f6:uTE?C rP EM8(^U_viPVYRC/UDO5 k{q'eZW,B""|        hv@\                                                  .3                         5b*                 .3        .3                        l<                           hv@\                                                                                              .3                 jbOqWgD = " g LX .,wF7A4Tk4hz_0atb  OU(kP!("$ &_e&n(}(Q)R*O=+d+^,U--f.51w5}o6a9 9na:2<K<U<2>S;>#?E-?c@XA`rB^DmE6EISmzs4J:qS)=GK%n_Ov^f3BuI,eWglp{'(=DJZzmT[)safF-DJT .Q$6I[&!IVj |"`,xH{Iy%D+#u wH tUB -*S5cGZ-GiL2Pc9|Rv KKX4iQeqq^XMD~q o+3TCVuE9a2R x %OCC@Uh@UnknownG* Times New Roman5Symbol3. * Arial?= * Courier New;WingdingsA BCambria Math"1h{F{FQd 9"z 9"z"۩!4dCC 2QHP ?:!xx-Run-on Sentences, Comma Splices and FragmentsLTS Administrator"                           ! Oh+'0 4@ ` l x 0Run-on Sentences, Comma Splices and FragmentsLTS Normal.dotmAdministrator2Microsoft Office Word@F#@|G}@:&@:& 9՜.+,0 hp  BCCCz"C .Run-on Sentences, Comma Splices and Fragments Title  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry F 4Data 1TableݓWordDocument4 SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjy  F'Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q