ࡱ> '` Qbjbj <  """#%7[|(|()))*B,-ZZZZZZZ$\h?_Z5*"*55Z))Z>>>5))Z>5Z>>rrHTH)p( ,&"6HM [07[H_X<8_HH_J.0>24M3...ZZ>^...7[5555d>FdDb[Fd   Big Daves Little Guide to Cryptic Crosswords Big Daves Little Guide to Cryptic Crosswords + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Putting the words to lights crossword clues explained in plain English Big Dave with an Appendix by Peter Biddlecombe First Edition ~ July 2009 Big Dave 2009 Appendix Peter Biddlecombe 2009 Contents + + + + + IntroductionA few words about this guideClue TypesTypes of cryptic crossword cluesMiscellaneous ConstructsAdditional constructsReference BooksUseful reference booksWebsitesUseful websitesGlossary / IndexTerms used in crossword reviewsAppendixWhich books should I read? Introduction + + + + + + A few words about this guide Cryptic crossword puzzles can, at first, seem impenetrable to those who have not tried them before. This guide explains how cryptic clues can be solved. Whether you are a novice or an accomplished solver, you could find something here for you. There are six sections: Clue types Explanations of the main types of cryptic crossword clues. Nearly all clues are constructed using one or more of these types. Examples of each are given, all from recent Telegraph crosswords. Miscellaneous constructs There are numerous constructs used by crossword setters. The best-known are listed here, once again with examples. Reference Books Dictionaries, thesauri and other useful reference books. Websites Some other websites that could be of use. Included are other crossword guides, anagram solvers and word searches. Glossary / Index Here you will find a list of most of the terms used when reviewing cryptic crosswords. This also acts as an index, with links to those terms which are explained in more depth elsewhere in the guide. Appendix If this little guide has whetted your appetite for more, then you should consider one or more of the books recommended by Peter Biddlecombe in Which books should I read?. I would like to thank the other bloggers for their contributions to this guide, and a particular thank you to all of the Telegraph setters, without whom Big Daves Telegraph Crossword Blog could not exist. Clue Types + + + + + Types of cryptic crossword clue Cryptic clues A cryptic clue is any crossword clue in which the answer is hidden or, to quote Chambers, mysteriously obscure. Various types of cryptic clue construct have been developed since cryptic crossword puzzles first appeared over 80 years ago. Several of these, including anagrams, hidden words, cryptic definitions, double definitions, and the ultimate achievement the all-in-one, or &lit, clue are explained in this guide. A typical cryptic clue consists of the definition, which is usually at the beginning or the end of the clue, and the subsidiary indication, or wordplay, which makes up the rest of the clue and has to be unravelled in order to derive the answer. The principles for setting fair cryptic clues were set out by Ximenes, and are known as the Ximenean principles. These were summarised by Azed as: A good cryptic clue contains three elements: a precise definition a fair subsidiary indication nothing else In many ways the third principle is at one and the same time the most important and the most abused. One of the most frequent complaints made by reviewers is the presence of padding introduced to improve the surface reading of a clue. This is at best annoying and at worst downright confusing. A large number of setters adhere to the Ximenean principles most of the time, but a few choose to ignore them. Many clues use more than one construct for example, it is not unusual for one or both parts of a double definition to be a cryptic definition. The length of the word or words in the answer to a clue is usually given, in brackets, at the end of the clue. This length will also indicate hyphenated words. It will not usually indicate the presence of apostrophes, or other punctuation such as accents. A typical example: Speedy delivery of stanchion to A1? (5-5,4) [T 101] The definition, speedy delivery, gives FIRST-CLASS POST; the subsidiary indication, or wordplay, revolves around the cryptic interpretation of a POST being a stanchion and FIRST-CLASS being a synonym for A1. All-in-one clues Frequently referred to as an &lit, this is a clue which describes the answer, but has the wordplay hidden inside. They are the Holy Grail for crossword setters as they are hard to write, particularly hard to write well, and they dont come up all that often. The term &lit stands for and literally so, but most of the bloggers on Big Daves Telegraph Crossword Blog have elected to use the rather more descriptive, and less pretentious, term all-in-one. The best way to check whether a clue qualifies is to cross out all of the elements of the wordplay. If nothing is left, then reread the clue to see if all of it defines the answer. Some clues fail this latter test, but that doesnt mean they are not good clues. Some examples with hidden words: Part of colossal volley? (5) [T 110] Part of indicates that the answer SALVO is hidden in colossal volley, and is defined by the clue Among the worlds severest challenges (7) [T 152] Here among indicates that one of the worlds severest challenges, EVEREST, is hidden in the clue This one was a Clue of the Week: What torments flesh or tail of pony? (8) [ST 2481] The answer, HORSEFLY, is built up from an anagram (torments) of FLESH OR and Y, the tail of pony And so how do you identify them? they are typically short and snappy sometimes, but not always, they have an exclamation mark or question mark at the end the clue reads sensibly as a phrase or sentence Anagrams An anagram is a word or phrase formed by the letters of another word or phrase, but in a different order. For crosswords, this definition is extended to include forming a word or phrase from an accumulation of parts of words, abbreviations and other constructs. A simple example: Light bubbly sorbet (6) [T 109] An anagram of SORBET gives STROBE which is a type of light. Anagrams are almost invariably signalled by an indicator word or words in the clue, in this case bubbly. The number of anagram indicators is limited only by the imagination of the setter. Some other examples: Criminal can hide a large estate in South America! (8 ) [DT 25850] Criminal indicates an anagram of CAN HIDE A to give HACIENDA, a Spanish word for a ranch or large estate in South America. Dodgy charitable offer folk fly to? (2,4,3,3,4,2,1,5) [T 106] A magnificent anagram of CHARITABLE OFFER FOLK FLY TO which spread over three clues to give IT FELL OFF THE BACK OF A LORRY. Here dodgy is the anagram indicator and the whole clue also defines the answer. Charades Sometimes called a word-sum, a charade is a clue in which the wordplay resembles the parlour game charades. In this game the syllables of a word or phrase are each acted until the answer is guessed. In a crossword clue the answer is achieved by combining a series of parts, where each part contains one or more letters. This is best explained by some examples. A simple example: Making waves on finding the account unpaid (9) [ST 2478] Combine BILL (account) and OWING (unpaid) to get BILLOWING (making waves). Some other examples: Kitchen item, say, good with British consumer (3,6) [DT 25951] Combine EG (for example, say) G (Good) B (British) and EATER (consumer) to get EGG BEATER (kitchen item). Religious instruction niche in church had turned to hopelessness (7) [T 160] A more complicated example combines RI (Religious Instruction) APSE (niche in church) and D (had, as in Id meaning I had) which is then reversed (turned) to give DESPAIR (hopelessness). Combination clues Sometimes called a complex clue, this is a clue in which two or more different constructs are used. One of the most common combinations is a double definition clue where one or both definitions are themselves cryptic definitions. An example of a part cryptic double definition: Doesnt do enough research into reserve players (12) [DT 25970] UNDERSTUDIES is cryptically defined as UNDER STUDIES, doesnt do enough research, and fully defined as reserve players An example of a reversal inside a definition: Capsized oarsman in vessel is in distress (8) [DT 25925] ROWER, an oarsman, is reversed (capsized this was a down clue) inside CAN, a vessel, to give CAREWORN, in distress or showing signs of anxiety An example of an anagram inside a definition: Sampler of drinks given mix of teas in season (4,6) [ST 2487] WINE TASTER, a sampler of drinks, typically wine, is an anagram (mix) of TEAS inside WINTER (season) Cryptic definitions Sometimes called a pun, a cryptic definition is one that appears to mean one thing, but when read differently means something else. Homonyms are frequently used in cryptic definitions. A simple example: One suffering from lack of balance (8) [DT 25852] Not, as you are being led to believe, someone who is liable to fall over, but a BANKRUPT who is suffering from lack of balance at the bank. Balance, equilibrium, and balance, surplus in an account, are homonyms, albeit with the same etymology. Some other examples: This time the game is not in the bag! (5,6) [ST 2474] A definition of the CLOSE SEASON for pheasant shooting. Once again we have related homonyms. Hell tell you spring is here (5,7) [ST 2475] This appears to be a definition of a harbinger of Spring, but is actually a definition of a WATER DIVINER, who has found a spring. Spring, the season, and spring, a source of water, are homonyms He hopes to find you well (5-7) [DT 25907] This appears to be health related, but is also a definition of a WATER-DIVINER, but this time hyphenated! Well, in good health, and well, a source of water, are homonyms. Deletions Sometimes referred to as a subtraction, this is where one or more letters are to be deleted from a targeted part of the wordplay in order to obtain the answer. These letters may be in the middle, or at either or both ends, of the target. A simple example: Disheartened tinker making a row (4) [T 113] Disheartened is an instruction to delete the middle letters of TINKER to get TIER, a row. Some other examples: Very happy to be associated with dropping introduction (6) [DT 25964] ELATED, a word meaning very happy, is derived by deleting the initial letter (dropping introduction) from RELATED, a synonym for to be associated with. Neat chaps possibly caught leaving some game (8) [DT 25963] Leaving indicates that the C (caught) must be deleted from NEAT CHAPS before resolving the anagram (possibly) to get PHEASANT, a game bird Double definitions A double definition has two definitions of the same answer. Some simple examples: Genuine old Spanish coin (4) [DT 25865] REAL as an adjective means genuine and as a noun is an old Spanish coin. It is not unusual for each part of a double definition to be a different part of speech; here it is an adjective and a noun but it could just as easily have been a verb and a noun , as in the next example (from the same puzzle). Declines in standards (5) [DT 25865] FLAGS as a verb means declines, but as a noun it could mean standards or banners. Some other examples: Extremely upset it had been dashed to pieces (9) [DT 25864] SHATTERED as an adjective means extremely upset, but as a verb it means dashed to pieces. What makes this such a clever clue is that several of the words, like extremely, upset and dashed, often indicate other crossword constructs and you may waste time looking for anagrams or word reversals which are not there. This is known as misdirection Break off and attend to faulty wiring (4,5) [DT 25876] To break off is to STOP SHORT; the second definition suggests that if you attend to faulty wiring you will STOP a SHORT circuit. Even and odd letters This is where the clue requires that either the even or the odd letters be taken from one or more words. Usually, but not always, regular or regularly indicates that the even letters are required. Odd letters are requested by oddly, not even or occasionally by regularly. Although sometimes used as the only construct in the wordplay, this technique is more frequently used in combination with other constructs. An example of even letters: Regulars in hard gang few saw (5) [T 96] Regulars tells you to take the even letters of hard gang few to get ADAGE, a proverb or saw Some examples for odd letters: Odd oratress has rows (4) [DT 25903] Take the odd letters from oratress to get OARS or rows Conduct uneven wrangle (4) [T 138] WAGE, a word meaning conduct, as in to wage war, is the uneven, or odd, letters in wrangle Fern-owls itch regularly in play (6) [T 112] This time regularly refers to the odd letters from fern-owls itch to give FROLIC, a synonym for play Examples of odd letters as part of the wordplay: Spiritual yet oddly pushy style (7) [T 145] PSYCHIC, a synonym for spiritual, is derived by taking PSY, the odd letters of pushy, and adding CHIC (style). Food that millions consume with pride, oddly (4,3) [D 25928] MEAT PIE is the food that comes from M (millions) and EAT (consume) and PIE, the odd letters of pride Hidden words This is a word that is in the clue but is hidden within one or more words. A simple example: Group of players from Reigate, amateurs (4) [DT 25873] Here from indicates that TEAM, a group of players, is hidden inside Reigate amateurs. Some other examples: Gripped by marijuana, the mans odious (8 ) [DT 25872] Gripped by indicates that ANATHEMA, a synonym for odious, is hidden inside marijuana the mans Assistant paediatrician shows up (4) [T 111] The assistant is an AIDE and is hidden backwards in paediatrician. Shows indicates that the answer is hidden in the clue and up indicates that it is reversed. Homophones This is a clue in which one word is pronounced the same as another but is different in meaning. A simple example: Part of play heard, or otherwise perceived (4) [ST 2485] A SCENE is part of a play and heard indicates that it sounds like SEEN, a word meaning perceived. Some other examples: Spring bloke, its reported (6) [DT 25945] A GEYSER is a hot spring which sounds like (its reported) a GEEZER, a bloke. Heard one saying cheers somewhere in East Midlands (9) [T 162] One saying cheers is a TOASTER and heard indicates that this sounds like TOWCESTER, a town in Northamptonshire. Homophones like this are particularly difficult for those who are unfamiliar with the town and the way in which it is pronounced. Initial and final letters This is where the answer is to be found by taking the first and/or last letters of a number of consecutive words. Some examples of initial letters: Type of guys attire, initially (4) [ST 2487] Initially is an instruction to take the first letters of type of guys attire to get TOGA Do anything rashly, especially initially (4) [DT 25932] The initial letters of do anything rashly especially spell out DARE. An example of final letters: Material gain, say all go in at last (5) [DT 25964] NYLON, a type of material, comes from the final (at last) letters of gain say all go in An example of initial and final letters: Slithery sort outwardly pretty though overblown (6) The slithery sort is a PYTHON which comes from the first and last letters of pretty though overblown, as requested by outwardly Insertions This is where one or more letters, sometimes referred to as the contents, are to be inserted into the targeted part, or container, of the wordplay in order to obtain the answer. A simple example: Aboard boat theres hard criminal (4) [DT 25851] Aboard indicates that H (hard) is to be inserted inside TUG (boat) to get THUG, a word meaning a criminal Some other examples: Turning Labour leader in rebellion (10) [DT 25860] DEFLECTION, a synonym for turning aside, is built by the insertion of L (Labour leader) into DEFECTION, a synonym for rebellion. Church seat thats attached to one spotted entering assurance company (4-4) [T 171] PRIE-DIEU, a church seat, is very cleverly constructed by inserting IE (that is / thats) and DIE (singular of dice / one spotted) inside (entering) the PRU (the Prudential / assurance company) Reversals A reversal is a clue in which the answer is derived by reversing the result of the wordplay. They frequently occur in combination with other clue constructs, but sometimes appear on their own. Semordnilaps, like the four in the following examples, are useful when solving reversals. A simple example: Times up! Come out! (4) [DT 25901] Simply take the word TIME and reverse it to get EMIT, a synonym for to come out. Note that up as a reversal indicator only works with down clues. Some other examples: Anxious to give up sweets (8) [ST 2477] Give up signals that DESSERTS (sweets) is to be reversed to give STRESSED, a synonym for anxious. Note that once again this is a down clue. Upper class rejecting two prizes (3,6) [DT 25949] Rejecting is an instruction to reverse two prizes, REWARD and POT, to get TOP DRAWER, a synonym for upper class. Miscellaneous Constructs + + + + + + + + + + Additional constructs These are not, in themselves, clue types but are constructs that can be used be used in most of the clue types, particularly charades. abbreviation part of a word used instead of the whole. This is one of the most common constructs, there are too many to list but these are some common examples: A adult (old film certificate) A answer B bishop in chess notation C constant (mathematics) CH Companion of Honour / companion DD Divinitatis Doctor [Latin] / Doctor of Divinity / theologian / bishop ER Elizabeth Regina / Queen N knight in chess notation RA Royal Academician / artist TA Territorial Army / volunteers V vide [Latin] see W with Z Zambia (IVR code) Some examples: Science that chooses to accept single constant (6) [DT 25892] OPTICS, the scientific study of sight and the behaviour of light (science), is made up from OPTS (chooses) around (to accept) I (single) and C (constant) See lofted shot going round bunker (6) [T 95] A SKIER, a lofted shot, going round V (vide / see, Latin) giving SKIVER, someone who does a bunk (bunker) across-clue construct a construct that only works when used with an across clue. This is much rarer than the down-clue construct, and usually refers to going from the west to the east. An example of its use in a clue: Woman of 27 heading west (3) [T 118] Heading west tells you to reverse AVE, the answer to 27 across in this particular puzzle, to get EVA, a woman alliteration the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in close succession. An example of its use in a clue: This is what William Wordsworth wrote (12) [DT 25956] Here what William Wordsworth wrote is an example of ALLITERATION - strictly speaking the w in wrote is not usually pronounced clue reference sometimes a number in a clue is an indication that the answer to the specified clue be inserted into the wordplay. If both an across and a down clue are present for the number then it should be qualified, which usually spoils the effect. Very occasionally the clue reference may me in words rather than digits. An example: Display of 24 on church show (6) [DT 25856] Here VEIN, the answer to 24 down, should be inserted into the clue, making it Display of vein on church show: display indicates that VEIN should be arranged, into EVIN, and placed in front of CE (Church of England) to get EVINCE, a synonym for to show Cockney and East End Cockneys from the East End of London are notorious for dropping the leading aitches of words. Some examples of its use in clues: As the cockney said, hes no trouble (4) [T 123] EASE, no trouble, sounds like ees, which is how a Cockney would say hes State-of-the-art description of East End gardener with shears (7,4) [DT 25861] CUTTING EDGE is state-of-the-art, which sounds like CUTTING HEDGE (gardener with shears) if you drop the initial H from HEDGE constant a constant value used in a well-known formula. Various constants may be referenced, these include: C the speed of light  H Plancks constant K the Boltzmann constant An example: Constant sharpness about curry-houses latest dish (8) [T 128] K (the Boltzmann constant) EDGE (sharpness) RE (about) and E (curry-houses latest) giving KEDGEREE (dish) down-clue construct a construct that only works when used with a down clue. Some examples of its use in clues: Tears up. It shows courage (6) [ST 2473] Up tells you to reverse RIPS, tears, before adding IT to get SPIRIT, courage Authority religious follower endlessly promoted (4) [T 132] Promoted tells you to reverse RAST(A), a religious follower, without the A (endlessly) to get TSAR, an authority such as a drug tsar Priests get special rise for oath (5) [T 112] French priests are CURES; take the S (Special) and rise tells you to move it up one letter to give CURSE, an oath literary allusion this is were the clue alludes to a famous literary quotation, or perhaps a famous person in literature. Although it may be possible to obtain the answer without the benefit of the appropriate knowledge, the wordplay will remain a mystery. An example of a quotation: Man is one? Yes and no! (6) [DT 25911] The Isle of Man is an ISLAND, which is the Yes part of the clue, but what about the No? This is a reference to a famous poem by John Donne: No man is an island, Entire of itself. Each is a piece of the continent, A part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less. As well as if a promontory were. As well as if a manner of thine own Or of thine friend's were. Each man's death diminishes me, For I am involved in mankind. Therefore, send not to know For whom the bell tolls, It tolls for thee. Note how Man is the first word in the clue, disguising the fact that as a place name, Man needs to be capitalised. An example of a literary character: He had a tale to tell about first lady (5) [T 95] The REEVE had a tale to tell in Chaucers Canterbury Tales, and he comes from a charade of RE (about) and EVE (first lady) other constructs - there are too many construct to list in a small guide, and new ones are being invented all the time. Here are just a few: essentially the middle two or more letters, usually dropping the same number of letters from each end extremely the outside letters of one or more words mid usually in midnight: the middle letter of night, i.e. g mostly / most of nearly all of one of more words part of some of the following word or words specific letters occasionally the setter will request specific letters from a word palindrome -a word or phrase that can be read the same way in either direction. One of the most famous English palindromes is Able was I ere I saw Elba. An example: A muscle unaffected by lifting (7) [DT 25973] The muscle is a ROTATOR and, as this was a down clue, lifting means reversing punctuation usually included to improve the surface reading and should be ignored, but occasionally forms an essential part of the wordplay. An example where the punctuation should be ignored: Swelling, to face, formed eating hospital meat (6,3) [T 177] Take BOIL (a swelling) and then add MADE (formed) reversed (to face) around (eating) H (Hospital) to get BOILED HAM, a type of meat the punctuation is intended to make you think that a swelling to the face and hospital meat are involved Examples where the punctuation is essential: European language found around part of UK (6) [ST 2485] DASH (-) around NI (Northern Ireland / part of UK) giving DANISH (European language) Settlement: unknown figure (6) [DT 25818 - not covered by the blog] COLON (:) and Y (unknown figure) giving COLONY (settlement) Roman numerals the Romans used letters to represent numerals and these are a very convenient way of representing letters like V, X, L, C, D and M as in these examples: We hear forty of the Romans do better (5) [DT 25955] EXCEL, to do better sounds like XL which is forty in Roman numerals A hundred remaining in the chasm (5) [DT 25905] Combine C, a hundred in Roman numerals, with LEFT (remaining) to get CLEFT, a chasm or narrow opening in a rock Find five hundred is a hundred too many (8) [T 143] DISCOVER, a synonym for find, comes from D (five hundred in Roman numerals) IS C (a hundred in Roman numerals) and OVER (too many) unknown the algebraic unknown x, y or z Some examples: Study of wood by 3 unknown characters about to behold a plank (8) [DT 25933] XYLOLOGY, the study of wood, comes from putting X, Y and Y (3 unknown characters) around LO (behold) and LOG (a plank) Music makers unknown. Answer? Thin material (7) [T 156] The music maker is an ORGAN; add Z (unknown) and A (Answer) to get ORGANZA, a thin material visual a description that can represent one or more letters these are not at all common, and usually involve the letter O Some examples: Ban circle following old soldier (4) [T 154] VETO, a ban, is a charade of O (looks like a circle) following VET (veteran / old soldier) Bar drunken tramp pinching pair of spectacles (7) [DT 25978] TAPROOM, a bar in a pub where beer is served from the tap or cask, is derived from an anagram (drunken) of TRAMP around (pinching) OO (looks like a pair of spectacles) Reference Books + + + + + Useful reference books There are a large number of books on the market, but you dont need to buy all of them! Stick to no more than three dictionaries, and make sure that Chambers is one of them. Most of the product descriptions are the publishers own. Dictionaries The Chambers Dictionary 11th edition (2008) Without a copy of the trusty Chambers you will find solving Telegraph crossword puzzles unnecessarily difficult. Collins Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary Anne Bradford Available in paperback with an exceptionally clear text design, this edition is durable and easy to use. With over 30,000 new solutions, users will never again be short of answers to their crossword clues! Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary is a unique type of crossword dictionary in that it has been compiled and crafted by a single author based on her 45 years' experience of crossword solving. Every word in this dictionary has appeared as a solution to a real crossword clue. Oxford Dictionary of English For a long time the Concise Oxford English Dictionary (COED) was the dictionary of choice for many people. It was used by the TV program Countdown until a new edition omitted a lot of common words, at which point they switched to the Oxford Dictionary of English. This dictionary sits between the COED and the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary in both size and cost. Literary References Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable Long established as the ultimate reference for anyone with an interest in the English language, Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable features tens of thousands of encyclopedic entries examining the origins and significance of popular words, phrases, allusions and cultural references. Its delightfully diverse content includes cultural, historical and mythological references, beliefs and customs, proper names, literary characters, idioms and slang. Oxford Dictionary of Quotations The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations is as impressive, erudite, enjoyable, and educational a tome as you might expect from Oxford. It's the sort of undertaking the press does very well. The first such dictionary, as compiled by Oxford, was published in 1953, and it's been tweaking, modifying, and updating it ever since. This new edition, the fifth, offers well over 20,000 quotations from more than 3,000 authors. Responding to correspondence from their readers, Oxford has restored some material from past editions, such as the proverbs and nursery-rhymes section. There's a much more inclusive attention to sacred texts of world religions, and 2,000 quotations are brand new. Thesauri (or should it be Thesauruses!) The Chambers Thesaurus Drawing on the resources of the world-renowned The Chambers Dictionary, this fully revised edition of The Chambers Thesaurus contains an even greater selection of alternative words than before. It includes modern, up-to-date vocabulary as well as many rare and archaic terms. Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases Rogets Thesaurus is the worlds most famous and trusted word-finder. First published in 1852 it has now sold over 32 million copies worldwide and has become the indispensable desk companion for generations of speakers and writers of English. Unlike most other thesauruses, it groups words thematically rather than in a straight A-Z sequence, thus offering the writer and speaker a much more creative and subtle means of finding new ways to express their thoughts: it is essential for anyone who wants to improve their command, creative use and enjoyment of English, and is perfect for composing speeches, or for writing all manner of prose and poetry. It remains, definitively, a writers best friend Word Lists Collins Bradford's Crossword Solver's Lists Anne Bradford This book gives hundreds of wide-ranging wordlists to help with solving cryptic and quick crossword clues. The lists, which are sorted alphabetically and by length, provide an invaluable reference for all crossword-solvers. A must for all crossword-solvers, this updated edition of the Bradford's Crossword Lists has been compiled from the Collins thesaurus database, with help from Anne Bradford. It gives hundreds of useful wordlists covering a wide range of subjects, with each list sorted by length and then alphabetically, to give maximum help with solving crossword clues. Solvers can locate words by subject, spotting the word they need to complete their crossword grids quickly. Chambers XWD: A Dictionary of Crossword Abbreviations - Kindred & Knight This enlightening volume lays bare the mysteries of the abbreviations used in cryptic crosswords and is a welcome aid to solving even the most perplexing clues. Thousands of abbreviations, symbols and codes are listed by clue word for ease of use. Websites + + + + + Useful websites There are a number of other websites of interest, a few of which are listed here. They are divided into sites which provide help with cryptic crosswords and sites which provide a toolkit for solving those last few clues. Cryptic Crossword Sites A Guide To Cryptic Crosswords http://www.ukpuzzle.com/crypticxwordguide.htm This page contains information about clue types, with an excellent description of the main types of 15x15 blocked grids. Cryptic crossword page on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptic_crossword Wikipedias page is well-worth reading. It contains information about types of clue, the history of the cryptic crossword and many topics. Peter's Cryptic Crossword Corner http://www.biddlecombe.demon.co.uk/puzzles.html This site is a potpourri of information about cryptic crosswords, provided by Peter Biddlecombe. Yet Another Guide to Cryptic Crosswords http://www.biddlecombe.demon.co.uk/yagcc/ Another site from Peter Biddlecombe, this one does exactly what it says on the tin. It includes an introduction (with glossary), a list of clue types, some solving tips, thoughts about bad cryptic puzzles, lists of paper and web-based puzzle resources, and some help on British cryptic puzzles for those who struggle with some of the local language used. Toolkit Chambers Reference Online http://www.chambersreference.com/dict/external/site/main/home.htm This is a subscription-only site which provides the full power of both The Chambers Dictionary and The Chambers Thesaurus. A six-month subscription is provided free with every new copy of the Dictionary. Once you get used to using it, youll wonder how you ever managed without. Iscatus - Crossword Phrases http://sites.google.com/site/iscatus/crossword-phrases This site lists just about any multi-word answer a UK setter might be expected to ask of you, from 3 to 23 letters. Proverbs, quotations, mottoes, people and places,literature, the performing arts, sport, common expressions, double nouns, plurals, verb inflections...over 800 categories of information. OneAcross http://www.oneacross.com/ Heavily biased towards the US market, this quirky site can sometimes come up with a word or phrase that the others have missed. It has a word search and an anagram finder. OneLook Dictionary Search http://www.onelook.com/ Probably the most popular word search engine on the web. It is well-worth spending some time familiarising yourself with its wildcard patterns. The Mine of Useful Information http://bigdave44.com/the-mine/ Big Daves very own collection of useful lists. Most of the pages have been inspired by crossword clues. The Universal Anagram Solver http://anagram-solver.utsire.com/ This site uses a massive database of everything to solve anagram puzzles regarding any conceivable topic. Simply put the jumbled up letters in the box above and get an instant answer. It is particularly good at providing multi-word answers. A crossword solver word search has been recently added. A few words of caution this site contains more misspelt words than most. Glossary / Index + + + + + + + Terms used in crossword reviews TermDefinitionSee alsoSection&litsee all-in-oneall-in-oneClue typesabbreviationpart of a word used instead of the wholeabbreviationMiscellaneous constructsacross-clue constructa construct that only works when used with an across clueacross-clue constructMiscellaneous constructsall-in-onea clue which describes the answer, but has the wordplay hidden insideall-in-oneClue typesalliterationthe repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in close successionalliterationMiscellaneous constructsanagrama word or phrase formed by the letters of another word or phrase, but in a different orderanagramClue typesChambersor more precisely The Chambers Dictionary 11th Edition: almost all words found in Telegraph crosswords, other than proper nouns, are defined in this dictionary.charadea clue, resembling the parlour game charades, in which the answer is achieved by combining a series of parts, where each part contains one or more letterscharadeClue typeschecking letterssometimes called crossing letters, these are the letters in an answer that appear in intersecting answers: they are the key to any crossword.clue referencea number in a clue which is an indication that the answer to the specified clue be inserted into the wordplayclue referenceMiscellaneous constructsCockneyCockneys from the East End of London are notorious for dropping the leading aitches of wordsCockney and East EndMiscellaneous constructscombination cluea clue in which two or more different constructs are usedcombination clueClue typescompilersee settercomplex cluesee combination cluecombination clueClue typesconstanta constant value used in a well-known formulaconstantMiscellaneous constructsconstructa single element of the wordplay, such as an anagram or a reversal: many constructs will be signalled by an indicator (see also indicator and wordplay).containerthat part of the wordplay into which the contents are to be insertedinsertionClue typescontentsthat part of the wordplay which is to be inserted into the containerinsertionClue typescrossing letterssee checking letters.cryptic cluea clue in which the answer is hidden or mysteriously obscurecryptic clueClue typescryptic definitiona clue that appears to mean one thing, but when read differently means something elsecryptic definitionClue typesdefinitionthat part of a clue that defines the answercryptic clueClue typesdeletiona clue in which one or more letters are to be deleteddeletionClue typesdouble definitiona clue which has two definitions of the same answerdouble definitionClue typesdouble unchtwo consecutive unchecked letters: they are an accepted part of crossword grids although too many of them in the same grid are regarded as an unfair, particularly if the associated wordplay is imprecise.down-clue constructa construct that only works when used with a down cluedown-clue constructMiscellaneous constructsEast Endsee CockneyCockney and East EndMiscellaneous constructseven lettersa clue in which the even letters are to be taken from one or more wordseven and odd lettersClue typesfinal lettersa clue in which the last letters of a number of consecutive words are to be takeninitial and final lettersClue typesfodderthe collection of letters from which an anagram is to be constructedhidden worda clue in which the answer is hidden within one or more wordshidden wordClue typeshomonyma word having the same spelling, and perhaps the same sound, as another but a different meaningcryptic definitionClue typeshomophonea word that is pronounced the same as another but is different in spelling and meaninghomophoneClue typesindicatorsometimes called a trigger, this is a word or words in a clue that indicate the presence of a particular construct.indirect anagraman anagram of a word or words that are not actually in the clue, this is usually considered to be an unfair constructinitial lettersa clue in which the first letters of a number of consecutive words are to be takeninitial and final lettersClue typesinsertiona clue in which one or more letters are to be insertedinsertionClue typesliterary allusiona clue which alludes to a famous literary quotation, or perhaps a famous person in literatureliterary allusionMiscellaneous constructsmisdirectionThe deliberate use of words that usually indicate a particular type of construct, such as an anagram, in a different context, often as part of the definition one of the examples of double definitionClue typesodd lettersa clue in which the odd letters are to be taken from one or more wordseven and odd lettersClue typesother constructsthere are too many constructs to list in a small guide, but some of them are outlined in the referenced paragraphother constructsMiscellaneous constructspalindromea word or phrase that can be read the same way in either direction.palindromeMiscellaneous constructspuna play on words which are alike in sound but different in meaningcryptic definitionClue typespunctuationusually included to improve the surface reading and should be ignored, but occasionally forms an essential part of the wordplaypunctuationMiscellaneous constructsreversala clue in which the answer is derived by reversing all or part of the wordplayreversalClue typesRoman numeralsthe Romans used letters to represent numeralsRoman numeralsMiscellaneous constructssemordnilapthis word (palindromes spelt backwards) has been coined for a word or phrase which can be reversed to get a different word or phrasereversalClue typessettersometimes called the compiler, this is the person who compiles, constructs or sets the crossword.subsidiary indicationthat part of the clue which leads to the definition (see also wordplay)cryptic clueClue typessubtractionsee deletiondeletionClue typessurface readingthe way that the setter intends that the clue be read: the best clues either lead the solver in the wrong direction, or sometimes in no direction at all.triggersee indicatorunchecked lettersthe letters in a clue that do not appear in intersecting answers (see also double unch).unknownthe algebraic unknowns x, y or zunknownMiscellaneous constructsvisuala description that can represent one or more lettersvisualMiscellaneous constructswordplaythe unravelling of a cryptic clue by the resolution of one or more constructs (see also subsidiary indication)cryptic clueClue typesword-sumsee charadecharadeClue typesXimenesthe pseudonym of Derrick Somerset Macnutt who set out the Ximenean principles, detailed guidelines for setting fair cryptic cluescryptic clueClue types Appendix + + + + + Which books should I read? Peter Biddlecombes Guide to Crossword Books Im going to start with the devils advocate point of view and quote Jonathan Crowther (the Azed setter at the Observer) in his A-Z of crosswords: in my experience the ability to solve crosswords comes from practice rather than from diligent application to how-to books, though these clearly have their place. Is he right? Well my own experience was of roughly 10 years of practice before I sat down and read a how-to book properly. That was the first edition of Don Manleys book. The effect of reading it was to clarify what was going on, and to speed up my solving considerably once I understood some aspects of the precision involved in the clues, which Id not previously appreciated. If youre struggling, most of the books listed here should help you to tackle puzzles more confidently, but as Azed indicates, practice is the real key the sooner you tackle a puzzle every day the better, however many books you read even if you spend less time per puzzle than you would by working real hard on one or two a week. Use the relevant blog to read up about the clues you couldnt do. All of the books in this list are currently for sale on Amazon UK. Ive split them into two groups the books by crossword editors and setters, and those by people who (as far as I can tell) are only solvers. All my really strong recommendations are in the first group. Id recommend reading the Amazon reviews for the titles that interest you youll see a range of views and more detail. Its only fair to say that I know Tim Moorey and Don Manley personally. Books by setters and editors Id suggest one of the first three is your best choice if your main aim is to learn to solve the Daily Telegraph puzzle. The next three are perfectly OK, the last one is a gamble. Tim Moorey How to Master The Times Crossword The current leader of the pack if you just want a book to help you solve daily paper puzzles. Tim gives regular solving courses and has used his experience to produce a very clear and thorough guide. Like the Stephenson and Gilbert books below, most of the material applies to other puzzles just as much as the one mentioned on the cover. Don Manley Chambers Crossword Manual The best guide to the full spectrum of cryptic crossword activity this book includes advice for potential setters, and even crossword editors, and includes hints for tackling barred-grid crosswords like Azed and The Listener. This means that the part on how to solve daily paper puzzles is relatively brief Manley does not plod as one of the Amazon reviews says. The result, based on Amazon reviews, is that not everyone finds the explanations helpful every Amazon review gives five stars or one, with the fives just ahead. Val Gilbert The Daily Telegraph How to Crack a Cryptic Crossword Val Gilbert was Daily Telegraph crossword editor for about 30 years, so shes well-qualified to write a book which I assume (I dont own this one) is aimed at the Telegraph puzzle in particular. Hugh Stephenson Secrets of the Setters: How to Solve the Guardian Crossword Aimed at the Guardian puzzle in particular, but most of the advice applies elsewhere too. Kindred & Knight Chambers Cryptic Crosswords and How to Solve Them Another one which I dont own but I believe does a sound job. Both authors have set Listener puzzles, and Knight is Mordred in current Independent puzzles. Kevin Skinner How to Solve Cryptic Crosswords Again one which I dont own but I believe does a sound job. Amazons blurb says that Kevin Skinner is a setter, though not which paper(s) he sets for. Ian D Walker Solving Cryptic Crosswords the Easy Way I dont recall seeing a copy of this one. It seems to be published in South Africa, so may be addressed mainly at solvers of cryptic xwds published there. Books by solvers Most of these will help, but they vary in the extent to which the description of clues precisely matches what the setters say they are doing, and the quality of the detailed analysis. As above, the ones that seem best to me are listed first. James A Coleman Beginners Guide to Cryptic Crosswords I have this in its original form The Complete Guide to Cryptic Crosswords (Collins, 1989). Judging by its condition, Ive not referred to it terribly often. It has lots of examples selected from puzzles including the Times, and gives you lots of examples of each trick e.g. 15 outer letters ones from banana skin=BA to vile outsiders=VE. Its possibly a bit dry as there are no tutorial puzzles, and quite old now but Im sure it could teach a beginner quite a lot. Ged OConnell Decoding Cryptic Crosswords This one has some very sound advice but would have been better with access to professionally-written sample puzzles. That said, it seems to have worked well for at least one Amazon reviewer. A MacTier A Crash Course in Cracking Cryptic Crosswords I saw this in a bookshop a long time ago, but didnt buy it, and Amazon doesnt tell us much. Mr MacTier (of whom I know nothing) managed to get Mike Rich (former Listener Crossword editor and Times Championship organiser) to write a preface, which I doubt he would have done without making sure that the book was competent. B J Holmes Solving Cryptic Crosswords One that I dont own but which looks perfectly OK based on a single Amazon review. Francois Greeff The Hidden Code of Cryptic Crosswords Im afraid my advice is to avoid this one it has faults which are mentioned in my Amazon review.  ~ how do you tell if the setter meant C as an abbreviation for constant or C as the speed of light? Most of the time you cant!     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