ŠĻą”±į>ž’ {}ž’’’z’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’ģ„Į'` šæ”"bjbjėČėČ .F‰¢‰¢”’’’’’’¤ŽŽŽŽŽŽŽ¢$$$$"$l¢ąu|š$š$š$š$š$½'½'½'_uauauauauauau$\whÄyp…uŽo4#'š½'o4o4…uŽŽš$š$‰šuW8W8W8o4Žš$Žš$_uW8o4_uW8W8†KoŠŽŽ›tš$Ž$ ą‚Œ%ĄTŹ$5āq4»t¤°u0ąuOqL4zo6Ž4zh›t4zŽ›t ½'Į+ŽW8Ÿ.Lė0„½'½'½'…u…uM8 ½'½'½'ąuo4o4o4o4¢¢¢d$¢¢¢$¢¢¢ŽŽŽŽŽŽ’’’’ European Union Importance of European Union for Ireland free trade area – the EU is a trading block that provides free trade in goods/services. Irish firms have opportunity to expand. free movement of capital and labour – market size – it provides a huge market of more than 400 million people in 15 countries for irish firm products. Agriculture support – support of irish agriculture has increased the standard of living of the irish farming community. (Eg) REPS, livestock premiums, subsidies. consumers choice – consumers have a wide range of choice from the fifteen countries. Grants & loans – Ireland receives a lot of finance from the european union in the form of grants and loans. Single European Market (SEM) The single European market came into effect in Ireland in 1st January 1993. Free movement of goods/services/labour/capital between member states Common tariff on imports to the European Union Positives of SEM for Irish Businesses. Access to EU markets free movement of workers free movement of capital – money can be invested anywhere in the EU AND when borrowing individuals can shop around in EU markets. Standardisation of taxes Structural Fund – money available from EU for irish infrastructural development Consumer choice increased employment availability increased Negatives of SEM for irish Businesses irish firms have difficulty surviving against foreign competition high risk that highly skilled workers will leave this country to go to EU countries higher costs of operating in huge international market (eg) travel costs/insurance costs. Irish firms must produce top quality goods to success compete abroad Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom CHAPTER 25 European Union  1. what is the European union 2. what are the political institutions in the EU EU Structures European Commision - proposes legislation Council of Ministers – accepts/rejects proposals European Parliamentdebates proposals European Court pass EU law 1. Council of Ministers Consists of government Ministers from members states. This depends on the agenda eg. Education/agriculture/finance. Role Main decision making body of EU Examines proposals from European commision 2. European Commision Based in brussells & has 20 members (2 each from Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Britain and 1 each from the remaining members). They spend 5 years in office. Members are nominated by their national government These members must act independently of their own government Special responsibilities are given to each commisuioner Irish commissioner is Charlie McGreevy, he is responsible for the internal European market. A former minister is castlebar man Padraig Flynn— he was responsible for social affairs. Role Deals with the enforcement of all EU law All laws that are passed by the EU are implemented in the member states Imposing fines on any companies in member countries who do not uphold the EU policies 4. European Parliament This body meets 1 each month in Strasbourg. Important meetings also held in Brussells. It has 626 members, 15 from Ireland. Role Generating policies Amending/rejecting EU legislation proposed by commission Gives its approval to international trade agreements Deals with problems such as pollution/terrorism in member states  ACTS in a supervisory capacity over European commission/European parliament 5. European Court of Justice Interprets laws for member states Makes sure that member states adhere to all legislation 6. European Court of auditors Takes income /expenditure budgets of member states into account to check that everything is in correct order 7. ECOSOC 3. HOW NEW EU LAWS ARE INTRODUCED Step 1: Proposal Stage New law is prepared by the commission. Step 2: Consultation Stage Proposal is sent to the European parliament for discussion with government bodies and anyone else associated. Lobbying and campaigning is done at this stage by special interest groups. This is done in an effort to influence the passing of laws. Step 3: Redrafting Stage The original proposal may be amended at this stage as a result of the arguments made. Step 4: Approval Stage A Final version of the proposed law is now sent to the relevant council of ministers for acceptance or rejection. Step 5: IMPLEMENTAION STAGE Law is implemented by the council of ministers through: A - REGULATION Applies to all member states but does not have to be national law of a member state to be adopted. It is more powerful than national law of a country. e.g CAP/CFP/CCP B- DIRECTIVE This outlines to a member of EU to a law to be achieved in a particular area. Member states may have to alter their own national law to meet EU needs. e.g. directive on consumer rights/misleading advertising etc. C - DECISION This relates to agreements addressed to certain member states or certain companies or certain individuals. e.g. McDonalds/Ben Dunne/Roadstone 4. 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