ÐÏࡱá>þÿ þÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥ÁM ø¿yôbjbjâ=â= &x€W€W^ðÿÿÿÿÿÿlÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÜ̶̶̶8·Œ·dܶ½ÌÌÁ"îÁîÁ¦Â•Ä>ÓÄçÄ ƒ………………$º Ú¤©ÈóÄUÄ@•ÄóÄóÄ©!ÑÈÈîÁ¦Â¯¾!Ñ!Ñ!ÑóÄ. ÈîÁȦƒ!Ñóă!Ñn!Ñ×ÈÈ×îÁ¸ô¼ ÐÕ¬Â*ËÜð²Ì¶!Ñ××ô8Ô0×~!Ñ~×!ÑÜÜÈÈÈÈÙFinding philosophy in science fiction ================================================================ The science fiction genre is rich with stories that explore classical philosophical questions and exploit timeless philosophical puzzles and paradoxes – the possibility and limits of human knowledge, Pyrrhonism, the nature of time, paradoxes of time travel, the possibility of free human action, questions of life and sentience, identity, morphing (changelings), etc. PHILOSOPHICAL THEMES IN SCIENCE FICTION Minds, bodies, machines, & selves Selves and transporters; minds, robots, machines, inventions, travel devices The real and the virtual Memories, real and artificial; virtual realities and knowledge; illusions and delusions Time travel and paradox Paradox, inconsistency and time travel and freedom; physical laws; origins and endings; eternity; mortality and immortality Freedom, determinism, and choice Actions as caused & predictable or random; freedom and enslavement; independence and hives; chance; responsibility and necessity; expectation, anticipation and disappointment Moral choices The greatest good for the greatest number; intervention and relativism; conflict; war and peace; heroes and villains; predator and prey; fairness and judgment; crime and punishment; love and hate; will and desire; duty, conquest and victory Human flourishing Drugs, Virtual Reality, pain and pleasure; artificial enhancement; romance; life and death Gods and other beings Meeting gods or demons; what does it take to be a god or demon? Contingency, chaos, and meaning Fate, purpose, and (no) reasons for things; harmony; communication and symbols Art and aesthetics Beauty and repulsive  HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=hCf7qKKmxNsC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0" http://books.google.com/books?id=hCf7qKKmxNsC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 The Philosopher at the End of the Universe demonstrates how anyone can grasp the basic concepts of philosophy while still holding a bucket of popcorn. Mark Rowlands makes philosophy utterly relevant to our everyday lives and reveals its most potent messages using nothing more than a little humor and the plotlines of some of the most spectacular, expensive, high-octane films on the planet. Learn about: The Nature of Reality from The Matrix, Good and Evil from Star Wars, Morality from Aliens, Personal Identity from Total Recall, The Mind-Body dilemma from Terminator, Free Will from Minority Report, Death and the Meaning of Life from Blade Runner, and much more. A search for knowledge about ourselves and the world around us with a star-studded cast that includes: Tom Cruise, Plato, Harrison Ford, Immanuel Kant, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigourney Weaver, Rene? Descartes, and Keanu Reeves. Rowlands anchors his discussions in easily understood everyday terms and relates them in a manner easy to identify with. Interspersed with a ready joke or two, he wonderfully explains why those SciFi movies we love so much are much deeper than they appear to be on the surface. Mark Rowlands's entertaining and stimulating guide is perfect for anyone searching for knowledge of the world around us. If Keanu can understand Descartes surely everyone can. More details The Philosopher at the End of the Universe: Philosophy Explained Through Science Fiction Films By Mark Rowlands Published by Macmillan, 2004 288 pages =============================================================== How to Live Forever By Stephen R. L. Clark  HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=VH2EB3FSupAC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0" http://books.google.com/books?id=VH2EB3FSupAC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Immortality has long preoccupied everyone from alchemists to science fiction writers. In this intriguing investigation, Stephen Clark contends that the genre of science fiction writing enables the investigation of philosophical questions about immortality without the constraints of academic philosophy. He shows how fantasy accounts of phenomena such as resurrection, outer body experience, reincarnation or life extending medicines can be related to philosophy in interesting ways. Reading Western myths such as that of vampire, he examines the ways fear and hopes of immortality are an intrinsic part of Western culture and philosophy. As one of the first works to suggest the use of science fiction in the study of philosophy, Clark creates a ground for intellectual, philosophical and experimental inquiry. More details How to Live Forever: Science Fiction and Philosophy By Stephen R. L. Clark, Published by Routledge, 1995 223 pages Favorite Sci-Fi lists (2008) - check for updates at:  HYPERLINK "http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/index.html" http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/index.html Top 100 Sci-Fi Books RankAuthor/EditorTitleYear1Frank HerbertDune [S1]19652Orson Scott CardEnder's Game [S1]19853Isaac AsimovFoundation [S1-3]19514Douglas AdamsHitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy [S1]19795George Orwell198419496Robert A HeinleinStranger in a Strange Land19617Ray BradburyFahrenheit 45119548Arthur C Clarke2001: A Space Odyssey19689Isaac Asimov[C] I, Robot195010William GibsonNeuromancer198411Robert A HeinleinStarship Troopers195912Philip K DickDo Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?196813Larry NivenRingworld197014Aldous HuxleyBrave New World193215Arthur C ClarkeRendezvous With Rama197316H G WellsThe Time Machine189517H G WellsThe War of the Worlds189818Robert A HeinleinThe Moon is a Harsh Mistress196619Dan SimmonsHyperion [S1]198920Arthur C ClarkeChildhood's End195421Ray Bradbury[C] The Martian Chronicles195022Joe HaldemanThe Forever War197423Kurt VonnegutSlaughterhouse Five196924Neal StephensonSnow Crash199225Niven & PournelleThe Mote in God's Eye197526Ursula K Le GuinThe Left Hand of Darkness196927Orson Scott CardSpeaker for the Dead [S2]198628Philip K DickThe Man in the High Castle196229Isaac AsimovThe Caves of Steel195430Frederik PohlGateway197731Michael CrichtonJurassic Park199032Madeleine L'EngleA Wrinkle In Time196233Jules Verne20,000 Leagues Under the Sea187034Roger ZelaznyLord of Light196735Alfred BesterThe Stars My Destination195636Stanislaw LemSolaris196137Kurt VonnegutCat's Cradle196338Carl SaganContact198539Robert A HeinleinTime Enough For Love197340John WyndhamThe Day of the Triffids195141Neal StephensonCryptonomicon199942Isaac AsimovThe Gods Themselves197243Anthony BurgessA Clockwork Orange196244Michael CrichtonThe Andromeda Strain196945Daniel KeyesFlowers for Algernon196646Philip K DickUBIK196947Vernor VingeA Fire Upon the Deep199148Kim Stanley RobinsonRed Mars [S1]199249Mary ShelleyFrankenstein181850Isaac AsimovThe End Of Eternity195551Walter M MillerA Canticle for Leibowitz195952Kurt VonnegutThe Sirens of Titan195953Neal StephensonThe Diamond Age199554Iain M BanksPlayer Of Games [S2]198855Jules VerneJourney to the Center of the Earth186456L Ron HubbardBattlefield Earth198257Ursula K Le GuinThe Dispossessed197458Orson Scott CardEnder's Shadow [S1]199959Niven & PournelleLucifer's Hammer197760Greg BearEon198561David BrinStartide Rising [S2]198362Peter F HamiltonThe Reality Dysfunction [S1]199663Philip Jose FarmerTo Your Scattered Bodies Go197164Alfred BesterThe Demolished Man195365Margaret AtwoodThe Handmaid's Tale198566Harry HarrisonThe Stainless Steel Rat [S1]196167Gene WolfeThe Shadow of the Torturer [S1]198068Arthur C ClarkeThe City and the Stars195669Philip K DickThe Three Stigmata Of Palmer Eldritch196470Philip K DickA Scanner Darkly197771Robert A HeinleinThe Door Into Summer195672Robert A HeinleinCitizen Of the Galaxy195773Connie WillisDoomsday Book199274C S LewisOut of the Silent Planet [S1]193875Robert A HeinleinThe Puppet Masters195176Robert A HeinleinHave Space-Suit - Will Travel195877H G WellsThe Invisible Man189778Clifford SimakWay Station196379Dan SimmonsIlium200380John WyndhamThe Chrysalids195581Edgar Rice BurroughsA Princess of Mars [S1]191282Ursula K Le GuinThe Lathe of Heaven197183Iain M BanksUse of Weapons [S3]199084Julian MayThe Many-Colored Land [S1]198185Michael CrichtonSphere198786Alastair ReynoldsRevelation Space [S1]200087William Gibson[C] Burning Chrome198688E E 'Doc' SmithGrey Lensman [S4]195189Mark TwainA Connecticut Yankee in KA's Court188990John BrunnerStand on Zanzibar196991Arthur C ClarkeThe Fountains of Paradise197992Edwin A AbbottFlatland188493Philip K DickVALIS198194Audrey NiffeneggerThe Time Traveler's Wife200395Stanislaw Lem[C] The Cyberiad197496David BrinThe Postman198597Arkady & Boris StrugatskyRoadside Picnic197298James Blish[C] Cities in Flight195599Clifford Simak[C] City1952100Theodore SturgeonMore Than Human1953 HYPERLINK "http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/lists_books_rank1.html" http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/lists_books_rank1.html Top 100 Sci-Fi Films RankTitleDirectorYearMin.1Blade RunnerRidley Scott19821182Star Wars Trilogy IV-VI (1977-83)George Lucas, et al1977125*3The MatrixL & A Wachowski19991364AlienRidley Scott197911752001: A Space OdysseyStanley Kubrick19681396AliensJames Cameron19861377The TerminatorJames Cameron19841088The Fifth ElementLuc Besson19971279Terminator 2 - Judgement DayJames Cameron199113510Twelve MonkeysTerry Gilliam199513111The Day the Earth Stood StillRobert Wise19519212Planet of the ApesFranklin J Schaffner196811213Forbidden PlanetFred M Wilcox19569814A Clockwork OrangeStanley Kubrick197113715Back to the FutureRobert Zemeckis198511616Star Trek II - The Wrath of KhanNicholas Meyer198211317Close Encounters of the Third KindSteven Spielberg197713518Jurassic ParkSteven Spielberg199312719BrazilTerry Gilliam198514220GattacaAndrew Niccol199710621Star Wars I-III (1999-2005)George Lucas199913322E.T. - The Extra-TerrestrialSteven Spielberg198211523Dr StrangeloveStanley Kubrick19649424Dark CityAlex Proyas199810025DuneDavid Lynch198413726PredatorJohn McTiernan198710627Independence DayRoland Emmerich199611028The ThingJohn Carpenter198210829The AbyssJames Cameron198914530ContactRobert Zemeckis199615031StargateRoland Emmerich199412232MetropolisFritz Lang192612033Total RecallPaul Verhoeven199010934The War of the WorldsByron Haskin19538535Minority ReportSteven Spielberg200214536The Time MachineGeorge Pal196010337Mad MaxGeorge Miller19799338Starship TroopersPaul Verhoeven199712939Donnie DarkoRichard Kelly200112240Star Trek: First ContactJonathan Frakes199611041Invasion of the Body SnatchersDon Siegel19568042Logan's RunMichael Anderson197611843Men in BlackBarry Sonnenfeld19979844V for VendettaJames McTeigue200513245The Andromeda StrainRobert Wise197012746X-MenBryan Singer200010447SerenityJoss Whedon200511948Star Trek IV - The Voyage HomeLeonard Nimoy198611949The Road Warrior (vt Mad Max 2)George Miller19819650Galaxy QuestDean Parisot199910451Soylent GreenRichard Fleischer197310052AkiraKatsuhiro Otomo198712453SolarisAndrei Tarkovsky197216554TronSteven Lisberger19829655RoboCopPaul Verhoeven198710256Silent RunningDouglas Turnbull19718957Pitch BlackDavid Twohy200010758The Thing (From Another World)Christian Nyby19518959A.I. - Artificial IntelligenceSteven Spielberg200114560Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless MindMichel Gondry200410861THX-1138George Lucas19708862Spider-ManSam Raimi200212163SupermanRichard Donner197814364Them!Gordon Douglas19549465Star Trek VI - Undiscovered CountryNicholas Meyer199110166Fahrenheit 451Francois Truffaut19661116720,000 Leagues Under the SeaRichard Fleischer195412768The Omega ManBoris Sagal19719869Escape From New YorkJohn Carpenter19819970WestworldMichael Crichton19738871The IncrediblesBrad Bird200411572The FlyDavid Cronenberg198610073EquilibriumKurt Wimmer200210674Night Of the Living DeadGeorge A Romero19689675FrankensteinJames Whale19317176I, RobotAlex Proyas200411577StarmanJohn Carpenter198411578The Incredible Shrinking ManJack Arnold19578179ArmageddonMichael Bay199814480The X-FilesRob Bowman199811781War of the WorldsSteven Spielberg200511682When Worlds CollideRudolph Mate19518383Invasion of the Body SnatchersPhilip Kaufman197811584This Island EarthJoseph Newman19558685Godzilla - King of the MonstersTerry Morse19548086The Truman ShowPeter Weir199810487The Rocky Horror Picture ShowJim Sharman19759588RollerballNorman Jewison197512289Quatermass & the PitRoy Ward Baker19679890Young FrankensteinMel Brooks197410691StalkerAndrei Tarkovsky197916192Dark StarJohn Carpenter19748393PiDarren Aronofsky19988594The Man Who Fell to EarthNicolas Roeg197614095The Bride of FrankensteinJames Whale19357596Things to ComeWilliam C Menzies19369297The Hitchhiker's Guide to the GalaxyGarth Jennings200510998Adventures of Buckaroo BanzaiW D Richter198410399ZardozJohn Boorman1974105100Children of MenAlfonso Cuaron2006109 HYPERLINK "http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/lists_film.html" http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/lists_film.html Top 100 Sci-Fi TV Shows RankSeriesOn-Air#LengthSource1Star Trek - The Next Generation1987-199417660*synd2Battlestar Galactica (new)2003-X58+60SciFi/Sky3Stargate SG-11997-X214+60Show/SF4The X-Files1993-200220260Fox5Star Trek (Original Series)1966-19697960NBC6Babylon 51993-199911560*syn/TNT7Firefly20021560Fox8The Twilight Zone1959-196415630/60CBS9Farscape1999-20038860SciFi10Star Trek - Deep Space Nine1993-199917460*synd11Star Trek - Voyager1995-200117160*UPN12Stargate - Atlantis2004-X60+60SciFi13The Outer Limits1963-19664960ABC14Futurama1999-20037230Fox15Doctor Who1963-198969430*BBC16Doctor Who (2005)2005-X29+45BBC17Lost2004-X58+60ABC18Star Trek - Enterprise2001-20059860UPN19The Avengers (with Emma Peel)1965-19675060ITV20Red Dwarf1988-19995230BBC21Quantum Leap1989-19949560*NBC22Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea1964-196811060ABC23Time Tunnel1966-19673060ABC24Battlestar Galactica (original)1978-19803460*ABC25The Adventures of Superman1953-195710430ABC26The Invaders1967-19684360ABC27My Favorite Martian1963-196610730CBS28Sliders1995-20008860Fox/SF29Smallville2001-X132+60WB30Heroes200623+60NBC31Science Fiction Theatre1955-19577830synd32V1984-19852460*NBC33Dark Angel2000-20024360Fox34Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy1981635BBC35Mystery Science Theater 30001988-199919790Com/SF36The Prisoner1967-19681760ITV37Blake's 71978-19815260BBC38The 44002004-20074560USA39Andromeda2000-200511060synd40The Invisible Man (1950s)1958-592630ITV41Space - Above and Beyond19952260Fox42Lost in Space1965-19688360CBS43Space 19991975-19774860ITV44The Man From U.N.C.L.E.1964-196810560NBC45Third Rock From the Sun1996-200113930NBC46Buck Rogers in the 25th Century1979-19813360*NBC47Alien Nation1989-19902160*Fox48Lois & Clark (New Superman)1993-19978860ABC49Alias2001-0610560ABC50Roswell1999-20026160WB/UPN51The Outer Limits (new)1995-200215460Show/SF52Max Headroom - The Series1987-19881460*ABC53seaQuest DSV (& 2032)1993-19955360NBC54The Six Million Dollar Man1973-197810060*ABC55Thunderbirds1965-19663260ATV56UFO1970-19712660ITV57The Wild, Wild West1965-196910460CBS58Eureka2006-X12+60SciFi59Cowboy Bebop19982630TV Tokyo60Lexx1997-20026190/60synd/SF61Kolchak - The Night Stalker1974-19752060ABC62Dune (2000)20003120SciFi63ALF1986-199010230NBC64Crusade19991360TNT65Batman1966-196812030ABC66The Jetsons1962-19632430ABC67Millennium1996-19996760Fox68Earth 21994-19952260/PNBC69The (New) Twilight Zone1985-19873660/30CBS/syn70Logan's Run1977-19781360CBS71Wonder Woman1974-19795760ABC/CBS72Earth - Final Conflict1997-200211060synd73Adventures of Brisco County Jr1993-19942760/PFox74The Incredible Hulk1977-19827960CBS75Planet of the Apes19741460CBS76Get Smart1965-196913830NBC/CBS77Mork and Mindy1978-19829230*ABC78Ghost in the Shell: SAC2002-045230Prod IG79Taken200210120SciFi80Amazing Stories1985-19874330*NBC81The Greatest American Hero1981-19834460ABC82Sapphire and Steel1979-19823430ATV83The Bionic Woman1976-19785760ABC/NBC84Land of the Giants1968-19705160ABC85Terminator (Sarah Connor)2008-X9+60Fox86Torchwood2006-X11+50BBC87Star Trek (Animated Series)1973-19742230NBC88Neon Genesis Evangelion1995-962630Gainax89Captain Scarlet & the Mysterons19683230ITV90Invasion2005-062260ABC91The Flash1990-19912260CBS92Quatermass Serials1953-19591830/35BBC93Æon Flux1991-19951630*MTV94VR.519951360/120Fox95The Invisible Man2000-20024650SciFi96Dark Skies1996-19971960NBC97Surface2005-20061560NBC98War of the Worlds1988-904160synd99Threshold20051460CBS100The Tomorrow People1973-19792230ITV HYPERLINK "http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/lists_tv.html" http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/lists_tv.html A brief history of the Sci-Fi Lists website From its humble beginnings as The Instant Science Fiction Book Collection, Sci-Fi Lists has grown into one of the most respected sites of its type on the net. A brief look at its history may help answer some of the more common questions posed by the ever-increasing numbers of site visitors turning to Sci-Fi Lists for good advice. Some nebulous time in mid-2000 I launched an obscure site that hardly anybody ever visited called The Instant Science Fiction Book Collection. The site was borne of frustration for the simple reason that I couldn't get enough of sci-fi. I wanted to buy all the very best science fiction books ever published and needed a good list to work from. My solution was to do some research and make the ultimate sci-fi book buying guide. I started by meticulously scouring the net for any relevant book list I could find… and there were plenty of them. Following the purchase of a few terrific basic reference books I thought I was ready to tell the world (or at least the five or six a day who were visiting) all about the state of sci-fi literature as we know it. The first Top 100 published was basically a weighted survey of critical opinion, online polls and sci-fi book awards. While this might sound pretty scientific, like any list of its ilk it was largely reliant on the quality of the source data. Unfortunately, a huge amount of the info available was based on aging polls and lists that completely overlooked newer books, at times lacking in sci-fi credibility. As a result some ground rules were set. To qualify for listing, a book had to be generally regarded as science fiction by credible sources and/or recognised as having historical significance to the development of the genre. Older lists that had seen better days were simply tossed out. Quite suddenly people started visiting. If I learned anything during this time it was that, with only a few exceptions, sci-fi junkies are incredibly nice people. I started getting all sorts of site feedback making diplomatic suggestions about what was right and wrong with my website. Figuring out the best of the older books and where they stood was the easy part. Nailing down which of the newer books (80s and beyond) were worthy of listing and exactly where they fitted in the overall scheme of things was the real challenge. I had about four mid-life crises between 2002-04, but somewhere in there I introduced film and television lists. I had reached data overload mode. My life consisted of voraciously scouring every dark corner of the net for any minute skerrick of sci-fi info. Christmas 2004 was marked by the site earning a 'Site of the Week' listing from SciFi.com… and thousands of people visited. A couple hundred of them also sent me emails. The site was terrific. It is difficult to explain what an amazing feeling it is to know that lots of people really enjoy something you have made. I stopped making excuses for the way the site was as opposed to the way visitors wanted it to be… and started pandering to the masses. None of the core data went to waste, but the introduction of online polls became the most critical element involved in keeping the site up-to-date and relevant. The lists found at Sci-Fi Lists today are, quite simply, the best of their type found on the net. This is not a claim made lightly. For a hobby website to be receiving daily visitation numbering in the thousands, something must be going right. I like to think it is that I listen to what people have to say. I don't ignore the emails I get and I almost always answer back. For the interested visitor, here are a few facts about the site: - #1 of its type for several key Google search terms - Recipient of over thirty respected website awards - Currently averaging over 5000 hits a day Site monitoring also reveals a few other interesting aspects of visitation patterns. The book list receives almost seven times the visitation as any other list on the site. Americans love their books, whereas the Brits are hooked on sci-fi TV. Television is very much a 'happening now' thing, as opposed to film which honours the classics. Sci-fi short fiction is in a state of decline, but its fans are extremely well-informed on all things science fiction. People wanting to delve deeper into how the lists are constructed would do well to start with the links page. The 'Other Lists' section gives some clue as to the main sources of info used to construct the original lists. A word of caution though… most are based on the opinion of others and, from a statistical viewpoint, are not good representations of the true state of affairs. No list is perfect, but in general the ones heavy on source data are usually the best. A quick word about the advertising on the site. For several years I proudly promoted the fact that Sci-Fi Lists was strictly "non-commercial". In 2006 I introduced a couple of advertising programs to the site… hopefully in a fairly non-obtrusive way. My fears that this would result in a drop in site visitation have proven unfounded. If anything, visitors are finding it convenient to be able to shop for books/DVDs and get current info about sci-fi through the site. In fact, visitation has more than doubled since 2006. On the up side, the advertising helps me to keep the site going. It doesn't make much money, but when you are a grossly underpaid wildlife ranger in tropical North Queensland (Australia) it really helps. A big thanks to all of you who have gone through the site to purchase items through the Amazon associates program. And that brings me to my final point. A lot of people think Sci-Fi Lists is a professional website. Nothing could be further from the truth. For a person who is much more comfortable with crocodiles than people, it is a fun way for me to cyber-meet those who share a common interest. I love getting site feedback and have made a few very real friends in the process. I don't mind a casual chat and encourage all who feel so inclined to get in touch. Sci-Fi Lists has been built on the opinions of site visitors. You are the most important people to this website. With your help, this site can continue to be vibrant and relevant well into the future. Peter Sykes 5 April 2008  HYPERLINK "http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/admin_faqs.html" http://home.austarnet.com.au/petersykes/topscifi/admin_faqs.html Science Fiction and Philosophy:  HYPERLINK "http://www.geocities.com/athens/delphi/2517/" http://www.geocities.com/athens/delphi/2517/ The sci-filosphy text is in progress. Latest update is 12/22/2008. Please come back to visit and see what is happening.  HYPERLINK "http://www.geocities.com/athens/delphi/2517/contents.html" http://www.geocities.com/athens/delphi/2517/contents.html ----- The Intersection of Science Fiction and Philosophy: Critical Studies (Contributions to the Study of Science Fiction and Fantasy) by Robert E. Myers (Editor)  HYPERLINK "http://www.amazon.com/Intersection-Science-Fiction-Philosophy-Contributions/dp/0313224935" http://www.amazon.com/Intersection-Science-Fiction-Philosophy-Contributions/dp/0313224935 List Price: $112.95 ----- Science Fiction and Philosophy by Susan Schneider  HYPERLINK "http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-140514906X.html" http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-140514906X.html ----- Philosophy in Science Fiction college course  HYPERLINK "http://psf.profron.net/" http://psf.profron.net/ (see saved pdf doc) ----- Science Fiction and Philosophy Life needs jumps in behavior - calling SF pulp is desperate defense  HYPERLINK "http://huizen.daxis.nl/~henkt/science-fiction-philosophy.htm" http://huizen.daxis.nl/~henkt/science-fiction-philosophy.htm ----- Philosophy Through Science Fiction - A Coursebook with Readings By Ryan Nichols, Nicholas D. Smith, Fred Miller Price: $34.95  HYPERLINK "http://www.routledge-philosophy.com/books/Philosophy-Through-Science-Fiction-isbn9780415957557" http://www.routledge-philosophy.com/books/Philosophy-Through-Science-Fiction-isbn9780415957557 Philosophy Through Science Fiction offers a fun, challenging, and accessible way into the issues of philosophy through the genre of science fiction. Tackling problems such as the possibility of time travel, or what makes someone the same person over time, the authors take a four-pronged approach to each issue, providing · a clear and concise introduction to each subject · a science fiction story that exemplifies a feature of the philosophical discussion · historical and contemporary philosophical texts that investigate the issue with rigor, and · glossary, plot profiles of pertinent science fiction stories and films, and questions for further reflection. Philosophy Through Science Fiction includes stories from contemporary science fiction writers including Greg Egan and Mike Resnick, as well as from classic authors like Philip K. Dick and Robert Heinlein. Philosophy readings include historical pieces by René Descartes and David Hume, and contemporary pieces by John Searle and Mary Midgley. ----- The Journal of Science Fiction and Philosophy  HYPERLINK "http://sciphijournal.com/" http://sciphijournal.com/ Includes mp3 readings ----- Clive Thompson on Why Sci-Fi Is the Last Bastion of Philosophical Writing Wired Online -  HYPERLINK "http://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/16-02/st_thompson" http://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/16-02/st_thompson ----- The Philosophy of Science Fiction in Film - Editor(s): Steven M. Sanders  HYPERLINK "http://www.eurospan.co.uk/display.asp?isb=9780813124728&" http://www.eurospan.co.uk/display.asp?isb=9780813124728&  HYPERLINK "http://reviews.armchairinterviews.com/reviews/the-philosophy-of-science-fiction-film" http://reviews.armchairinterviews.com/reviews/the-philosophy-of-science-fiction-film ----- The Philosopher at the End of the Universe By Mark Online book  HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=hCf7qKKmxNsC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=vcz8CDXapz&sig=MAdFrGKo9K2WkpaVhSN_yB6E-rA&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPP1,M1" http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=hCf7qKKmxNsC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=vcz8CDXapz&sig=MAdFrGKo9K2WkpaVhSN_yB6E-rA&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPP1,M1  HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=hCf7qKKmxNsC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0" http://books.google.com/books?id=hCf7qKKmxNsC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ----- How to Live Forever By Stephen R. L. Clark Online book  HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=VH2EB3FSupAC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=CaA28zgHW_&sig=_aibgy-EjqBSzCj6QlQqSwrw7jM&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPP1,M1" http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=VH2EB3FSupAC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=CaA28zgHW_&sig=_aibgy-EjqBSzCj6QlQqSwrw7jM&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPP1,M1  HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=VH2EB3FSupAC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0" http://books.google.com/books?id=VH2EB3FSupAC&dq=%22science+fiction%22+philosophy&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ----- Philosophy Is Not Science Fiction  HYPERLINK "http://www.paulburgess.org/sf.html" http://www.paulburgess.org/sf.html ----- Philoscifi website  HYPERLINK "http://philoscifi.com/" http://philoscifi.com/ ----- From Science Fiction to Poetry and Philosophy  HYPERLINK "http://www.norrispeery.com/photo3.html" http://www.norrispeery.com/photo3.html ----- HYPERLINK "http://sfsnnj.blogspot.com/2007/11/top-ten-best-philosophical-science.html"Top Ten Best Philosophical Science Fiction Stories  HYPERLINK "http://sfsnnj.blogspot.com/2007/11/top-ten-best-philosophical-science.html" http://sfsnnj.blogspot.com/2007/11/top-ten-best-philosophical-science.html This week, the SFSNNJ's feature events are Themes of the Fantastic, and the topic is Philosophy and Science Fiction. While I know that our wonderful moderators, Steve Spinosa and Bill Wagner, will do a bang-up job, I wanted to throw a few ideas around before the meeting anyway: 10) Iron Sunrise by Charles Stross - examines a culture completely devoted to Nietzche. A brilliantly written story with great characters (as only Charles Stross can do), Iron Sunrise explores a future where pseudo-Nazis are trying to take over the universe in secret in the hopes that the one true ubermensch, the Unborn God, will create the ultimate peace for them. Great concepts and a wonderful tale. 9) Altered Carbon by Richard K. Morgan - are you really you if you are wearing a different body? Morgan examines the concept of sleeved mentalities in this far future series. The initial story, Altered Carbon, shows us that in spite of everything else, Takeshi Kovacs is a UN Envoy, no matter whose sleeve (i.e. body) he is wearing. It is an interesting examination on the morality of killing when a cortical memory stack will still contain the base 'soul' of the sleeve. 8) Cyteen by C.J. Cherryh - Amazing philosophical debate about the idea of cloning. The great ethical debate in the story centers around a clone who is being made to undergo all of the same stresses and experiences as the original in the hopes of recreating the original completely. While some decry this as a far-future version of The Boys from Brazil, the truth is that this story actually argues the point instead of using it merely as a plot vehicle. 7) Maximum Light by Nancy Kress - This bleak look at a barren and sterile future shows us a new argument to look into. Is it morally justified to castrate a homosexual in order to harvest his sperm in order to ensure the propagation of the species? The despicable act is explored in all its torrid thoughtfulness, and eventually the characters must choose between exigence and morality. 6) Stand on Zanzibar by John Brunner - Granted, this cautionary tale of overpopulation and belligerent, chest-thumping nationalism is a bit dated, but the core concept: is it justifiable to kill a man who will give your enemies an advantage, is still there. Brunner looks at the morality of the espionage and assassination culture of international politics, and presents a great moral and ethical problem for the character. 5) The Stone Canal by Ken MacLeod - When is revenge enough? When has it gone too far? This story revolves around that ethical debate, while providing us with a somewhat gritty utopia of a society built around communism and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. MacLeod gives us a great look into the pros and cons of his little universe, as well as a superlative story of vengeance and hatred spanned several centuries. 4) The Traveler by John Twelve Hawks - If might makes right, what does it mean when the villains don't use physical force to coerce their victims? Enter the world of Harlequins and Travelers and find out what the counter-culture is really fighting against, and watch as the debate over the concept of a super-panopticon rages across the text of the story. 3) The Golden Age by John C. Wright - Is it ethical to completely redact a man's memories and impose a death penalty upon him should he try to restore them? What if your redactions are so thorough that he does not know why he has missing memories, only that he has missing memories? Is that character justified in taking any and all steps to restore balance even when told that he might risk his life in doing so? Read it and find out. 2) Kingdom of Cages by Sarah Zettel - Like the Nancy Kress story Maximum Light, this story deals with the ethical conundrum of the rights of a few versus the survival of the species. The question is really more pointed here, though, as human colonies are being destroyed by plague and worse, all because humans were irresponsible in not trying to understand the environments of colony worlds before making colonies there. Brilliant story, well told, and ethically perplexing. 1) Dune by Frank Herbert - Granted, Dune is my favorite novel of all time, but the ethical implications of prescience are explored with quite a bit of depth here. Does Paul Atreides have a moral imperative to shape the future of the known universe, or is this merely hubris on his part? Posted by Todd at HYPERLINK "http://sfsnnj.blogspot.com/2007/11/top-ten-best-philosophical-science.html"11/27/2007 05:38:00 AM "STARSHIP TROOPERS" by Robert A. Heinlein an opinion  HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/athens/robert-heinlein.html" http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/athens/robert-heinlein.html  "There is but one truly serious philosophical problem, and that is suicide. Judging whether life is or is not worth living amounts to answering the fundamental question of philosophy." Albert Camus The Myth of Sisyphus  "Of arms and man I sing..." Virgil's "The Aeneid" I recently picked up a copy of Robert Heinlein's "Starship Troopers" with the highest of expectations. Already almost 40 years old, the book was supposedly a classic of hard science fiction, albeit a controversial one. Mixing philosophy with political ideas in a futurist society at war with humanity at war with an alien species... how unique! I bought the book and read the book slowly so as to capture the tone well. Drinking in Heinlein's concept of human nature and an idealized future society, it took me three days to finish his treatise-cum-novella. And it was nothing like I expected. I have since heard the book and its message described as fascistic, provocative, irresponsible, unpalatable. This it may well be. Yet I found reading his book to be an amazingly sobering and dispiriting affair. One can really drink up the spirit of a man in reading his prose, and I fear Heinlein to be not someone with whom I want to share a beer or be friends. I read later that he was a career military officer who developed tuberculosis and was invalided out of the fleet to a literary career. There hangs about this book a severe and cynical air of wounded world-weariness, as if life is a dreary and dangerous affair requiring toughness and discipline to survive. He nearly models Sparta in his apotheosis of rigorous military training as necessary for the formation of good character in a person. His anger and disdain for modern liberal democracy is strong. The dispiriting part is that Heinlein is consistent and correct in his powerful arguments - it is impossible to dismiss him, even if he gores the sacred cows of our age. Heinlein's 22nd century earth is at war with an arachnid "bug" race from another galaxy. "They are tough and we are tough and only one of us will win and the other gets wiped out," explains Heinlein's protagonist Johnny Rico of the rugged Mobil Infantry, illuminating well the state of mind of HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/heroes/tanimizu/tanimizu.html"the war between Japan and the United States during World War II, as well as the barely restrained ferocity of the Cold War afterwards. Rico's old high school teacher plays the stand-in for Heinlein's philosophy of an "improved" future society which emerges after following the "decadence and collapse of the democracies of the 20th century" after which the surviving veterans take over. Heinlein pays unconvincing lip service to the idea of a free society where civic service is voluntary and civil liberties are respected, but the soul of his argument lies in the military and the service of the State. The formation of young men and women does not take place primarily in HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/biography/high-school/cdm-hs.html"schools, HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/family/family.html"families, churches, HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/biography/high-school/cross-country.html"sporting teams, HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/biography/ucla/1ucla.html"universities, or HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/biography/places/landfair/1-love.html"love affairs. In Heinlein's idealized future, this takes place in boot camp. Fully half the book takes place during Rico's basic training into the Mobil Infantry where he and his fellow recruits are humiliated, broken-down, and re-made into selfless members of an elite military unit. Potential soldiers learn that life is about duty, serving the collective, sacrifice, and punishment; perhaps echoing his own days as a midshipman at the HYPERLINK "http://www.nadn.navy.mil/"U.S Naval Academy and later as a junior officer serving aboard the aircraft carrier HYPERLINK "http://www.usslexington.com/"USS Lexington, happiness is simply getting enough sleep. He is the very embodiment of Aeschylus when he said HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/suffer/suffer.html"that we must suffer, suffer into truth. To a point, who can argue with that? To become a man takes learning and growing and suffering; it does not happen overnight. Who can argue that ultimately in our mature incarnations we must live for other people? And who can argue with the assertion that in democracies citizens with little invested in the system often make unwise and poorly-informed decisions when voting? So many who live irresponsible lives? Look at HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/drugs/drugs.html"the drug problem in the United States, for example. Everywhere we look we see chaos, lack of order - the "degeneracy" Heinlein vigorously disdains. Look at the HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/biography/la-days/la-days.html"poverty, ignorance, and violence seen in the major American cities! In contrast, the global society into which Rico is born only lets those who have "placed the welfare of the group ahead of personal advantage" become citizens and vote. In other words, it are only the soldiers and others who have put their lives on the line who can vote and be trusted to do so wisely. Consequently, society is better arranged while peace and prosperity rule the day. The military caste are the Brahmins of Heinlein's ideal society; there is an offhand contempt for everyone else. In the story, there is not one love affair worth mentioning. Sexuality and the need of human beings for love never moves beyond the adolescent. There is a nascent love story presented, but it is callow and undeveloped - no more mature than the high school age of the individuals portrayed. Characters can have crushes on each other, but the dark primal sexual needs and pleasures of adult life are totally absent (making the Heinlein's world less believable); I bet even many real life teenagers have love lives more rich than anything seen in "Starship Troopers." We have no idea about the art, music, recreation, romance, food, or larger non-military society of earth in the 22nd century. We have only the most unconvincing portrayal of the future family with a reconciliation taking place between Rico and his father in combat of all places. The story is bare, the prose sparing, the universe permanently hostile, the tone as severe and harsh as the future war being described. Suffering and death are never far from mind, and outside of duty and service not much is important. When Rico's mother is killed in the destruction of Buenos Aires, he does not seem overly grieved (HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/biography/places/mgeib/mom-grave.html"When my mother died, I was sunk for months! In real life, such losses shape a person forever and never stray far from their consciousness.). To those whose sense of humanity and humanism is radiant and vibrant, Heinlein's "Starship Troopers" is like a dive into a freezing lake. What about those whose imaginations open up for them the universe of love, art? Military service can be an admirable and vitally important profession in which a person can serve their fellow man. What society can afford not to have its guardians and warriors? When has there not been some aggressor or criminal which needed to be fought? But what about the heroes of the mind and the spirit? What about those HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/frankl/frankl.html"heroes who give inspiration to fallible persons prone to despair? What about HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/glad/glad.html"the battle between good and evil which rages inside everyone of us everyday? The struggle to HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/socrates/socrates.html"find meaning in a life worth living? I would argue they are at least as important to a society worth living in. Who among us in the dark of a long night has not contemplated suicide? Who will make the argument in Heinlein's world not to do so? In my opinion, Heinlein's world is one in which I daresay not many people would like to live - where suicide might even be understandable! Our world - for all its barbarity, "decadence," hatred, chaos - is also one with art, love, and, most importantly, hope. We might live in a "hard cold world" where "life sucks and then you die," as one hears cynically stated in the streets. But that is not all that it is! Not by a long shot! HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/about-me/faq/teenage-angst.html"And I would argue that point until I am blue in the face! Of all the evils - disease, cruelty, poverty, death - which Zeus placed in Pandora's box, he did place one good thing lastly without which life is unbearable: hope. I dare to hope my descendents will not be hopping around hostile planets in powered suits dropping thermonuclear weapons onto alien creatures; that homo sapiens will be as cruel and violent a species in the future as they are presently is a concept almost enough to kill hope. I would kill if I have to; but I will live for my fellow man and woman and the good I can find in them. If a person would teach us how to fight and die, let them also teach us how to live! Is belonging to a military unit enough to live for? Does a United States Marine not need a family, God, love? Not the two dimensional ones presented by Heinlein, but characters and emotions as complex and rich as those in real life! HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/wambaugh/wambaugh.html"Police officers - who live surrounded by abnormally high levels of violence and death - have long had HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/wambaugh/wambaugh.html"rates of suicide far in excess of that of the general population. Combat dehumanizes and demeans; it hardens our hearts to the suffering of others and brutalizes our natures. Few are the persons not profoundly affected by first-hand acquaintance with the red scourge of war... HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/dirge/ajax.html""see where the the Victor-victim bleeds." The real life "warriors" I have known are all more multi-faceted than anyone we meet in "Starship Troopers." And the ones I know who have killed are much more ambivalent about having done so. Heinlein takes us through basic training in realistic detail like the professional soldier he once was. We should demand the same honesty when it comes to the killing of other living creatures. Heinlein makes it easy for himself in making his adversaries "bugs" which apparently do not have minds or souls of their own; killing them seems no different than stepping on ants. But we can at least identify with the "skinnies" that Rico terrorizes at the beginning of the book. He surprises a large number of them hiding in a building and throws a bomb into it to disperse them and destroy the building. What about the effect on the soul of a man after so much violence? The killing itself is one thing. How you process it and how HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/wambaugh/violence.html"afterward it changes you on the inside is quite another. About this, Heinlein is silent. We can go watch "Star Wars" or "Robocop" if we want to watch nonsensical science fiction which entertains. Heinlein tells stories in a very different vein and uses fantastic foreign settings to tell a realistic story with implications for us today like Ray Bradbury, Gene Roddenbury, or Arthur Clarke in the very best tradition of science fiction. Consistent and sobering as is Heinlein's story of people and politics, I find it to be unacceptable and unrewarding. The book is dangerous not for what it says, in my opinion. It is dangerous for what it fails to say. Heinlein apotheosizes the Sgt. Zim who would carefully mold out of a collection of callow boys hardly out of adolescence an effective combat unit; yet not one officer comissioned or otherwise in the heat of war to exemplify the far more subtle leadership skill of inspiring courage and ferocity of spirit in combat soldiers without allowing it to degenerate into hardness, brutality, and finally, atrocity. An officer who would save his soldier's lives but lose their souls? This is an important question in an era when we hung the most heinous generals of the Third Reich. All history is military conflict. Romans. Something remains. "Starship Troopers" clearly should be read with special caution by the young at risk of being seduced by the sirens' song of Heinlein and his futuristic wars and rumors of war. It is not true that pain, punishment, and service are the cornerstones of the ideal civilization. I say this to the young: Look deep inside yourself and tell me if you don't see more than what Heinlein offers as possibilities. I say it again: He (or she) who would teach you to fight and die should also teach you how to live! Where is the joy in the world of the Mobil Infantry of the Federal Service? Compare that with the complex and sympathetic world of the brotherhood of the United States Army during the Vietnam War in HYPERLINK "http://www.videoflicks.com/VF/08/008303.htm"Nicholas Proffitt's "Gardens of Stone!" Which world would you rather live in? Which story smacks more of the truth of war and its effect on warriors? Which speaks more directly to your soul? A modern day exponent of Sparta in an age where such an argument is not often heard, Heinlein's powerful ideology deserves more serious attention and respect than it scornfully receives today - let us not forget that in their long internecine struggle, it was Sparta which emerged victorious over the Athens we more naturally identify with today (I can almost hear Heinlein reminding me of this). Nevertheless, I will cast my lot, live my life, do my work, and employ my pen in the service of HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/athens/athens.html"Athens and her humanistic vision of HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/keats/keats.html"Truth and Beauty. One might argue that life is a Darwinian struggle for survival where the strong survive and the weak are destroyed. In his day, Heinlein might well have pointed to the Soviet Marxist-Leninists or ChiComs poised to destroy the tottering and "degenerate" liberal democracies. Yet four decades later liberal democracy is stronger than ever, and the Soviet Union has been relegated to the dustbin of history and the Chinese are "communist" in name only. I would tell Heinstein the most potent weapons a liberal democracy has are its open way of life and vibrant and humanistic culture (ie. having a culture and way of life worth fighting and dying for). The United States, Japan, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada... all the "decadent democracies of the 20th century" are hardly on the verge of collapse presently as they prepare to enter the 21st century - to borrow from Twain, reports of their deaths are exaggerated. HYPERLINK "http://www.rjgeib.com/"Richard Geib November 5, 1997 Science fiction: A study of ethics and morals  HYPERLINK "http://www.bradsreader.com/2009/04/science-fiction-a-study-of-ethics-and-morals/" http://www.bradsreader.com/2009/04/science-fiction-a-study-of-ethics-and-morals/ (thoughts from “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” by Philip K. Dick. 1. If we create sentient beings (i.e. androids), then should they be afforded the same rights as humans? I have a feeling that we will be dealing with this question within the next century, especially given the pace of technology and new breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI). Let’s pretend we do create a robot that is fully sentient, has a conscious and can "think" in every way humans can. Would it be immoral to destroy that robot? If the robot is capable of feeling pain and having normal human emotions, then one can justify that some sort of protection must be in order for these beings. I’m not necessarily arguing this position, just throwing it out there as food for thought. 2. Is Rick Deckard (a bounty hunter) morally right to "retire" (read: kill) suspected androids? This question takes on even greater weight when one considers, that in the context of this novel, the line between human and android is pretty blurry. In fact, various tests are developed to determine who is an android and who is a human. Like most test of this variety, they are not 100% accurate. Confirmation only comes after an android’s bone marrow has been examined by a lab. Given how close these androids resemble humans in just about every way, should they be protected under the banner of human rights? It should be noted, however, that the one thing the androids lack is empathy (the basis for the test that Rick employs while hunting androids). 3. Is it morally right to even create and build such androids to begin with, knowing full well that they are sentient and can live in the world as humans do, make their own decisions, etc.? In the novel, they (the makers of these androids) even go so far as to implant them with false memories. This means that some androids don’t even know they are androids! For the reader, it means you are playing a constant guessing game on who is really human. Basically, this means that the manufacturers of the androids are "tricking" them into thinking they’re human. An android may only find out it’s an android after being administered one of those empathy tests by Rick Deckard. By then, though, the android will be killed ("retired"). Final thoughts The above questions are just some of the questions that have been running through my mind as I continue reading Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep. The novel is a classic example of science fiction that poses large moral and ethical questions. And as the years go by, with technology advancing like it does, we might be facing those question not in science fiction, but in science reality. Even if you haven’t read this novel, it is easy to think of the above questions as a HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_experiment"thought experiment. Finding philosophy in science fiction  HYPERLINK "http://www.bradsreader.com/brads_reader/2008/01/why-do-you-read.html" http://www.bradsreader.com/brads_reader/2008/01/why-do-you-read.html Jan 26, 2008 1:25:24 PM Why do you read? Do you read to be simply entertained? Or are you looking for deeper intellectual stimulation? Literature has always been a refuge for ideas. But over the years, something has happened, especially with literary fiction. It's no longer tackling profound ideas, instead, transforming into something very mundane. An article I came across on HYPERLINK "http://www.wired.com/"Wired News discusses this very issue. Clive Thompson writes HYPERLINK "http://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/16-02/st_thompson"why Sci-Fi is becoming the last bastion of philosophical writing. When I first started writing fiction (I don't even remember how old I was), it was science fiction that got me excited. In fact, sci-fi novels were all I read. But I only had some vague semi-understanding of the issues these books tackled. I think, at that age, I was turned on more by the gory violence of alien wars than anything else. Fast forward to the present. My minor in college was philosophy, where I fell in love with the existentialists. A few years ago, while still a college student, I returned back to my roots in science fiction. This time I have a greater appreciation of the philosophical issues sci-fi attempts to reconcile within its pages. So what does this have to do with literary fiction? Well, according to Thompson, literary fiction is not living up to the standards it once set: I think it's because I was reading novel after novel about the real world. And there are, at the risk of sounding superweird, only so many ways to describe reality. After I'd read my 189th novel about someone living in a city, working in a basically realistic job and having a realistic relationship and a realistically fraught family, I was like, "OK. Cool. I see how today's world works." I also started to feel like I'd been reading the same book over and over again. Don't get me wrong, I still love literary fiction. I love the "everydayness" much of the genre brings and I have sympathized with countless characters over the years. Many of the novels I find myself engrossed in the most are the ones that dive deep into the everyday lives of the characters. But when I want intellectual stimulation on a deeper level, I turn to science fiction. Thompson explains why sci-fi can do what literary fiction is now failing at (maybe through no fault of its own): Here's my overly reductive, incredibly nerdy way of thinking about the novel: Consider it a simulation, kind of like The Sims. If you run a realistic simulation enough times — writing tens of thousands of novels about contemporary life — eventually you're going to explore almost every outcome. So what do you do then? As Thompson suggests, you change the very nature of reality itself: You change the physics in the sim. Alter reality — and see what new results you get. Which is precisely what sci-fi does. Its authors rewrite one or two basic rules about society and then examine how humanity responds — so we can learn more about ourselves. How would love change if we lived to be 500? If you could travel back in time and revise decisions, would you? What if you could confront, talk to, or kill God? Science fiction has always held up a metaphorical mirror to the world of the future. But I think sci-fi gets a lot of its "legitimacy" because what was science fiction yesterday is turning into reality today. Just think, how many people 50 years ago would have thought I could carry a small device in my pocket that would offer a wealth of information (the internet) at my fingertips, communicate with friends/family (email/text messaging), and stored a wealth of music? Of course, I'm talking about my HYPERLINK "http://www.bradsreader.com/brads_reader/2008/01/iphone-review-.html"iPhone. Today, a lot of science fiction revolves around space travel and colonizing other planets. Also, humans in these imaginative worlds are usually living longer and have implants in their bodies to perform a host of cool functions - everything from instantly diagnosing an illness to talking to another person just by thinking about it. No, I'm not making this up. I'm actually taking ideas from a cool series of books I'm reading by HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_F._Hamilton"Peter F. Hamilton, which begins with two books aptly named HYPERLINK "http://www.amazon.com/gp/redirect.html?ie=UTF8&location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FReality-Dysfunction-Part-I-Emergence%2Fdp%2F0446605158%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1201370546%26sr%3D1-2&tag=writevision-20&linkCode=ur2&camp=1789&creative=9325"The Reality DysfunctionINCLUDEPICTURE \d "http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=writevision-20&l=ur2&o=1"(aff link). The implications of future technology can be amazing, and at the same time, very tragic. Science fiction explores these implications and offers a scary glimpse at ourselves living in a technologically advanced world. I say "scary" because technology can be a great blessing, but also a curse if used wrong or if it falls into the wrong hands (which it always does). I'm in no way bashing literary fiction. On the contrary, it still ranks up there as one of my favorites. But I think the function of literary fiction is much different than science fiction. I think the former is used to illuminate the human condition on an individual level, while the latter aggregates the human condition on the level of an entire society and mixing in technology, science and philosophy all rolled into one. In other words, science fiction takes the human population, throws in an alternate reality, and then tries to discover what the outcome will be. In closing, all I can say is that if the future is anything like the sci-fi being written today, then it will indeed be a very scary, and at the same time, exciting place to live. Also, don't forget to check out Clive Thompson's blog HYPERLINK "http://www.collisiondetection.net/"Collision Detection.HYPERLINK "http://www.collisiondetection.net/mt3/mt-tb.cgi/1729"  TrackBacks The TrackBack URL for this posting is: http://www.typepad.com/t/trackback/2363392/25500828 0 blogs reference Finding philosophy in science fiction Comments No, Susan, the point of "Literary Fiction" is to provide a written soap opera for the depressed to disassociate from themselves with. Posted by: Tick-tock Man on HYPERLINK "http://www.bradsreader.com/brads_reader/2008/01/why-do-you-read.html" \l "comment-105554012"March 03, 2008 at 06:00 AM Hi Susan, thank you for your comment! You make an excellent point; one of the jobs of literature is to open our eyes to new experiences. With that said, I think science fiction takes these "experiences" to a whole new level by creating an alternate reality that you just don't find in literary fiction. Like I said in my post, I think the main function of literary fiction and science fiction are quite different. The former is much more "character-based", as you read in The Corrections with the father trying to cope with a terminal illness. In most science fiction though, the focal point is more "plot-based" where the author changes reality in some way (ie. humans live forever) and then explores the social implications of such a new reality. Whew! That was a mouthful. Maybe this is a subject that needs to be explored further. Thanks again for your comment! Brad Posted by: HYPERLINK "http://www.bradsreader.com"Brad on HYPERLINK "http://www.bradsreader.com/brads_reader/2008/01/why-do-you-read.html" \l "comment-98810306"January 27, 2008 at 12:47 PM I somewhat disagree. One of the reasons I read literary fiction is to give me a new perspective on something that exists in this world. For instance, in the book The Corrections by Jonathan Franzen, it gave me a very new view on what it means to have a terminal disease (Parkinson's). Isn't the point of literature to open your eyes to an experience that you might not otherwise see? 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