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F( p, | : Outline for Journal Club Presentation
I. Introduction
A. Study objective/purpose
1. Is the purpose of the study clearly stated?
Hypotheses
Is the research question or hypothesis clearly stated?
II. Methodology/Study Design
Design of the experiment/trial
1. Is it a clinical trial, cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, or case-series?
B. Population/sample
1. What are the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of subjects?
2. What limitations result?
C. Treatment allocation
1. How are subjects chosen or recruited? Randomly?
2. If not:
a. Are they representative of the population?
b. How were patients selected for the study to avoid bias?
c. If historical controls were used, were methods and criteria
the same for the experimental group, and were cases and
controls compared on prognostic factors?
If there is a control group, how is it chosen?
How are patients followed up? Who are the dropouts, and how
many are there? Were the circumstances for patients dropping out explained by the authors?
Do the authors explain or give a reference to any unusual method
used in the study?
D. Outcome measures
1. Are there multiple endpoints?
2. Are subgroup analyses performed and, if so, reported
appropriately?
Statistical analysis
Are the statistical methods used in the study specified in sufficient
detail?
Is there a statement about the sample size or power? (Statements
on power are especially critical in a negative study).
Do the statistical tests answer the research questions? Are all
relevant outcomes reported?
Were repeated measures made over time, and if so, were they
analyzed appropriately?
III. Results
Do the results relate to research questions proposed in the study
objectives?
Are actual values reported (e.g., means, standard deviations, proportions),
not just the results of statistical tests?
In paired designs, is the magnitude and range of the differences reported?
Are group similar on baseline measures? If not, were appropriated analyses done to take differences into consideration?
Are appropriate graphics used to present results clearly?
IV. Study Discussion/Students Conclusions
Interpretation of results
Are the questions posed in the study adequately addressed?
Are the conclusions justified from the data?
Does the student reflect on the clinical and statistical significance of
results from the study?
Does the student compare results from the study to those of similar studies
performed?
Discuss study limitations
Are shortcomings of the study addressed and constructive
suggestions given for the future research?
Applicability of results
1. Do the authors extrapolate beyond the data?
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