ࡱ> '` <bjbj$$ 4xFF4%       88889Lj9.x::"4:4:4:4:4:4:wwwwwww$xhL{w ;4:4:;;w  4:4:w)A)A)A;X 4: 4:w)A;w)A)A2r  Uw4:: ` 87<)t.ww0.xWt{K>{\Uw{ UwX4:h:J)A:<";4:4:4:ww@X4:4:4:.x;;;;388       Diseases Name_________________________________________ PD ______ ODD/EVEN Disease and Your Body disease pathogen infectious disease noninfectious disease immune system communicable diseases non-communicable disease Disease Disease is any ____________ change in the health of your ___________ or _________ Caused by ________________ is a virus, microorganism, or another agent that causes disease ____________________________ is a living thing so small that a microscope is needed to see it Some are ________________ Some cause ________________ Some are __________________ milk to ___________, yeast causes bread to rise, break down food in digestive system 4 main groups of pathogens _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ Infectious and noninfectious diseases ____________________ disease is any disease that is caused by ____________ that invade the body May be ________________________ able to be passed ______________ from one person to another, EX: the flu ___________________ disease a disease that is ________ caused by a pathogen, include diseases of specific body systems and nutritional disorders, EX: heart disease, cancer not communicable cannot be passed from _________________________ many are ___________ lasting for a long time Review Define disease. What is the difference between infectious and noninfectious diseases? What are pathogens? Infectious Diseases virus bacteria protozoa fungi Viruses _________ tiny, disease-causing particle that invades a healthy cell and instructs that cell to make more viruses Not living things Can only be seen with an electron microscope Spread by _____________ contact kissing Spread by _____________ contact using the same drinking glass, insects Can be _____________ with a _____________ medicine that contains killed or weakened _______________, stimulate the immune system to produce _____________________ Antibodies are chemicals that your body produces to ____________ invading pathogens, each fights a particular pathogen ________________medicine Bacteria __________________ are living things that are more complex than virus, small, single celled that do not have a nucleus Most can live on their own Spread through direct/indirect contact as well as through ________, water, and soil Most are harmless, humans could not live without Ex: whooping cough, cholera, _____________, ______________________ Control the spread ____________________, keep kitchens clean, dont share drinks or eating utensils, get treatment for illness before it spreads to other people, boil water Treated with _________________ a medicine used to stop the growth or to kill bacteria or other microorganisms Protozoa and Parasites _______________ are small, single-celled organism that have a nucleus, they are more complex than bacteria Most are ____________________ to humans, others are harmful, EX: Giardia found in water supplies, upset stomach, cramps, diarrhea, outbreaks are _____________ in America ________________ an organism that gets its food from another organism, called the host, without killing the host Plasmodium causes malaria, carried by a certain mosquito Cannot see with the naked eye Drugs are available to treat Fungi _______________ complex organisms that cannot make their own food Break down other substances and absorb the nutrients from them Are everywhere and most are harmless ___________________________ and yeast infections spread person to person or by fungal spores in the air, water, or soil can be treated with medicines applied to skin or medicine taken by mouth Review Identify and define four causes of infectious diseases. What is an antibiotic? Why does your doctor need to know that the illness you have is caused by a virus? Controlling Disease antibodies immunity resistance vaccines antibiotics hygiene habits injection booster penicillin epidemic infections toxins History vaccines medicines that make a person ________________ a. 1st vaccine developed by Edward ___________ to fight _______________ b. contain weakened or dead microorganisms so they cannot multiply and cause infection c. the body uses white blood cells to fight against the microorganism d. not all vaccines give you immunity for life must get a __________ shot to keep immunity 2. ________________ medicines that kill harmful bacteria in the body a. 1st antibiotic developed by Alexander ________________ when spots of mold caused bacteria to die b. penicillin _____________________ c. does not destroy __________________ colds or flu 3. sanitation cleanliness a. years ago unclean conditions caused rapid spread of disease epidemic b. today epidemics are rare ______________________ - Europe c. sewage is treated to destroy harmful microorganisms 4. __________________________ ways people keep themselves clean a. washing hands (Chi Chis) b. covering mouth when sneezing or coughing 5. ______________________________ a. collected often b. some communities bury it c. burn it to produce energy 6. Water Treatment a. dirt is removed and chemicals added to kill microorganisms b. water stored in a way to keep it clean 7. Food preparation a. Gov. has law that make businesses prepare and handle food carefully b. __________________________ process of heating milk to kill bacteria How do microorganisms cause disease? 2 different ways to cause harm (both ways can happen at the same time) make _______________which interfere with the way the body works; attacks cells ________________ multiplying of pathogens Defense against Disease ____________ your bodys 1st line of defense, acts as a protective wall to keep organisms out, hairs in nose are included __________________ produce mucus, a sticky fluid that traps pathogens. These line your mouth, nose, eyes, throat, and other body parts _____________________________ these body fluids contain chemicals that kill bacteria ____________________ sometimes pathogens enter your body through the food you eat or the liquids you drink. Most of the pathogens that enter are killed by acid in your stomach helpful microorganism ________________________ Microorganisms can only live where they can get what they need to stay alive All need food and water Some need air, others dont Some need warm places, others in only cold areas Some need a human body ***____________________________________________________*** Immune system goes to work if pathogens get through Tissues, organs, and cells that _________________________________ Consist of white blood cells 1 type produces chemicals that ______________ to pathogens so that the pathogens cannot attack a normal body cells 2nd type either ______________ pathogens directly or stimulates other WBCs to attack pathogens 3rd type found in body tissues, surrounds and ______________ invading pathogens ____________________ - contains large numbers of WBCs as blood flows through your spleen WBCs remove pathogens in your blood and kill them the spleen releases WBCs into your _____________ to fight pathogens that may be in other parts of your body take care of your immune system ________________ ________________ ________________ Review List 3 lines of defense your body has to protect itself from infection. Why is your blood an important part of your immune system? Describe two ways to protect yourself from infectious diseases? Identify two ways to control the spread of infectious diseases? Sexually Transmitted Diseases symptoms sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) AIDS abstinence transmitted HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and the Immune System transmitted - HIV/AIDS is spread _____________ _________________ _________________ __________________________________________ cause virus - HIV causes AIDS deadly disease that ___________ the bodys ability to fight ______________ Weakens the _______________ system and cannot fight off other diseases A person with AIDS usually dies from a disease that a ____________________ immune system would ______________ HIV to AIDS may not develop for _____________________ Even if a person shows __________________ they can still infect others STDs A. cause virus or bacteria 2. transmission - intimate body contact 3. symptoms depend on the disease/infection a. ______________________ -swelling of and scars on the ovaries and testes -_____________ curable with antibiotic -microbe bacteria can be spread from mother to baby during birth b. ______________________ -no symptoms in females, but causes painful urination in males -can damage heart, ovaries and testes, and joints -_____________ curable with antibiotic B. What is Hepatitis? 1. caused by a _______________ that infects the __________ (3 types) 2. transmission - Hepatitis A spread form unwashed hands or by sharing food/drinking glass (saliva) 3. symptoms - nausea, vomiting, yellow coloring of the skin, stomachache, and fever C. What is Mononucleosis? 1. cause ____________________ 2. transmission saliva, droplets from mouth, sharing containers 3. symptoms starts with a fever, swollen ____________________, tiredness, sore throat D. Abstinence and Preventing STDs The only way to be absolutely sure that you will not get an STD is _________ Abstinence ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Most STDs are transmitted only by direct contact with body fluids Body fluids include saliva, blood, semen, and vaginal fluid Do not use _______________ Do not share _____________ Do not have ______________ C. benefits include respect, reaching personal goals, avoiding the risk of pregnancy and respecting your parents Review Define STD and list 5 common STDs. What is AIDS? Describe how HIV attacks the immune system. Describe ways to avoid getting an STD. Noninfectious Diseases noninfectious diseases genetic disease congenital disease chronic tumor carcinogens insulin Causes of noninfectious disease ______________________ is a disease or disorder that is caused entirely or partly by genetic information passed on to a child from one or both parents. EX: __________________ ________________________________ is a disease or disorder that is present at birth, but is not a genetic disease EX: __________________________ Lifestyle choices Using _____________ may cause heart disease or lung cancer Pollution may trigger asthma attacks or cause lung cancer Noninfectious diseases are the leading cause of _______________ in America are not caused by pathogens or passed from one person to another, come from inside a persons body Common Noninfectious Diseases __________________ high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes and artery diseases are types of heart disease Leading cause of _______________ in the United States b. What is ___________________________? 1. ____________________ blood pushes too hard against the artery walls 2. tends to be present in some families 3. chronic HBP makes artery walls ________________________, which causes the heart to work harder 4. can cause heart to grow _____________________________________ 5. _________________can result blood vessel bursts in the _________ c. atherosclerosis hardening of the arteries due to plaque build up 1. can result in a heart attack ______________ diabetes is a disease in which the body is not able to use sugar properly a. ______________ is needed to use sugar hormone that helps move sugar in your blood to cells, cells turn sugar into energy, extra is carried to liver for storage b. _______________ develops when people cannot make enough insulin c. sugar stays in blood and does not enter cells d. sugar levels in blood rise which can cause ________________ e. high levels cause extra sugar to go into kidneys and urine, causing a person to urinate more often f. cannot be cured, but can be maintained 3. _________________ is a group of diseases in which cells grow _____________________ and invade and destroy healthy tissues. Cancer can attack any part of the body a. ________________ cancer causing agents 1. _______________ taking certain types of drugs to treat cancer 2. _______________ energy carried in waves that are used to change the DNA of a cell or it can damage the genes of a cancer cell so that it cannot grow and divide any more. It is used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. 4. Allergy an allergy is an ____________________ of the immune system to something in your surroundings that is harmless to most people 5. ____________________ asthma is a breathing disease that can be triggered by allergies, infections, exercise, changes in weather, and smoke 6. _________________________________ Alzheimers disease is an incurable brain disease that causes a gradual and permanent loss of memory and other brain functions Review Compare and contrast genetic and congenital disease. What is a noninfectious disease? Name three common noninfectious diseases and the way in which each can be treated or controlled. Why is it unfair to tease someone who was born with a genetic disorder? What happens in the body of a person with diabetes?     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