ࡱ> ^`]\ Qbjbj PjbjbQ,Dl1tmmm0000000$y2/50^m0_0"00.|/wEX /p0001/5 5$/5/tmS{lmmm00 mmm15mmmmmmmmmB : Unit 5: Inventions, Trains and the West I. New Inventions (late 1800s, early 1900s) A. light bulb- Thomas Edison B. phonograph- record player- Edison C. motion picture- mass culture II. Railroads Impact the Nation (p. 440) encouraged new innovation 1. refrigerated railcars 2. telegraph system 3. airbrakes B. established time zones C. made travel between towns easier D. transport large amounts of goods quickly, efficiently and quickly E. businesses could obtain raw materials and sell to large numbers of people F. led to mass production G. helped settle the west -railroad companies sold the fertile land for farming cheaply -cattle ranchers and farmers used the plains to graze their herds and grow their crops, then used the railroad to ship their products III. Transcontinental Railroad Central Pacific Union Pacific Chinese Immigrants Irish Immigrants Sacramento, CA Omaha, NE  Promontory Point, UT May 10, 1869 Results: transporting goods was easier linked new markets unified the nation IV. Big Business Leaders Andrew Carnegie: Steel John Rockefeller: Standard Oil JP Morgan: Banking A. Robber Baron or Captain of Industry Swindled the poor Charged unfair prices Used trusts and monopolies to destroy other companiesProvided jobs Innovations and businesses allowed the US economy to grow Philanthropy (giving $ to charity) V. The Labor Force A. Factory Work: boring repetitive work in dangerous working conditions (low light, no ventilation, crowded) for low pay and long hours B. Families in the workforce: both parents worked as well as the children (stunted growth) C. Living in Company Towns: owned by bosses who controlled all costs of living in the town (rent, goods, etc) D. Definitions: Collective bargaining: negotiating as a group for higher wages & better working conditions Socialism: economic and political philosophy that favors public, instead of private, control of property and income E. AFL: Founded by Samuel Gompers, 1886 for skilled workers focusing on specific pay for their workers like better pay, better working conditions, and shorter hours. Women and African Americans were not included. F. Strikes 1. Haymarket Riot: bomb killed a policeman during a riot Effect: people began associating violence with labor unions; Employers became concerned about the violence associated with labor unions 2. Pullman Strike: Chicago, 1894; workers were laid off, pay was cut for others, costs in company town remained the same; Pullman fired workers who tried to negotiate with him; mail service was interrupted when the railroads stopped; Pres. Cleveland sent in federal troops to force the strikers back to work. Effect: employers appealed to the courts for rulings to end strikes the government took the side of management for the next 30 years VI. New Immigration (1890-1914) Old ImmigrantsNew ImmigrantsPlace of OriginN & W EuropeS & E Europe, AsiaLanguageEnglishNative tongueReligionProtestantRoman CatholicRaceWhiteWhite, YellowWhere they settledEast Coast, 13 colonies50% in cities (Boston, NY, Chicago, Philadelphia)IntegrationMelting Pot (blended together)Salad Bowl (separate) Why were the new immigrants resented? 1. they would work for lower pay and during strikes 2. they lived in cities and were highly visible VII. African Americans in the Progressive Era 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson: separate but equal Segregation is legal BOOKER T. WASHINGTONW. E. B. 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