ࡱ>    5@ bjbj22 g-XXr|||d]hh\\\;;;ܩީީީީީީ$GRl7;\\qqqr\\ܩqܩqq|@\\ @A c|1 L-0].p$@@P;q͌;;;kr[rPhrasal verbs with put 1 Match each sentence beginning 1 - 12 with an appropriate ending a) l). 1 Its cold outside. You should put on 2 These trousers are too tight for me now. I must have put on 3 Theres nothing on the telly. Lets put on 4 Im going to have to move. My landlords put up 5 The best way to advertise the concert is to put up 6 Dont shout out the answer. Put up 7 Robs coming to London tomorrow and Ive offered to put him up 8 Teachers have to put up with 9 The groom had an accident on his way to the church so they had to put off 10 It rained every day and the tent got flooded. It put us off 11 She found it hard to study, as several things were putting her off: 12 It was a non-smoking compartment so I told him to put out a) for the night. b) weight. c) the wedding to a later date. d) a lot of silly behaviour sometimes. e) something warmer. f) his cigarette. g) camping for life. h) the noise of the traffic outside, the neighbours arguing next door and her brothers drumming. i) my rent again. j) the radio instead. k) posters around the school. l) your hand first. 2 Which of the above phrasal verbs have the following meaning or meanings? A increase; fix to a wall or board; raise into the air; accommodate ________________ B place on your body; increase (weight); start sthg working) ________________ C postpone; discourage; distract ________________ D extinguish ________________ E tolerate ________________ Phrasal verbs with take 1 Match each sentence beginning 1 - 10 with an appropriate ending a) j). 1 I am very similar to my father, whereas my brother takes 2 The new boss is rather formal and I havent really taken 3 We must keep in touch. Ill get a pen and paper and take 4 My feet are very swollen now. Would you mind if I took 5 This library books four days overdue.Youd better take 6 When her father retired from the family business, Jo took 7 Bobs become inseparable from his camera since he took 8 Lets get rid of these boxes. Its a small flat and they take 9 Were understaffed at work. Management ought to take 10 I thought I could manage both jobs, but Id clearly taken a) it back tomorrow. b) on more workers. c) on too much work. d) up too much space. e) up photography. f) off my shoes? g) over the company. h) to him. i) after my mother. j) down your email address. 2 Now write the infinitive of each of the phrasal verbs with take from exercise 1 next to its meaning below. The first one has been done for you. a) accept take on . b) start a new activity _______________ c) start to like _______________ d) employ _______________ e) return _______________ f) remove from your body _______________ g) make a note of _______________ h) resemble _______________ i) get control of _______________ j) occupy _______________ Phrasal verbs with turn 1 Match each sentence beginning 1 - 8 with an appropriate ending a) h). 1 Why are you two still awake? Turn 2 According to this map we have to turn 3 The party starts at 8pm but people wont turn 4 I cant hear what theyre saying. Can you turn 5 They left port at sunrise but were forced to turn 6 We had no reason to be suspicious of him, but it turned 7 Its amazing to think that this small seed will gradually turn 8 I applied to three different companies for a job but they all turned a) up until much later. b) out that he was wanted by the police for burglary. c) back by rough seas and strong winds. d) me down. e) off the light and go to sleep. f) into a beautiful rose. g) off the motorway at the next exit. h) up the sound a bit, please? 2 Now write the infinitive of each of the eight phrasal verbs with turn from exercise 1 next to its meaning below. The first one has been done for you. a) become known turn out . b) increase the volume ________________ c) become ________________ d) arrive ________________ e) reject ________________ f) leave a road ________________ g) return ________________ h) disconnect ________________ Phrasal verbs with give Match each sentence beginning on the left with an appropriate ending on the right. 1 As soon as I gave up a) state secrets, he was arrested and held in jail. 2 The cooker was giving off b) the homework tomorrow morning. 3 Suspected of giving away c) smoking, I felt a lot better. 4 He listened closely as they gave out d) food to homeless people. 5 The teacher said we had to give in e) a strange smell, so I got someone to look at it. 6 The charity Street Aid gives out f) the money I lent him until Friday. 7 He says he cant give back g) the winning lottery numbers on the news. Phrasal verbs Romance Match each sentence beginning 1 - 6 with an appropriate ending a) f). 1 It would have been our first anniversary today. We started going 2 It was her smile which first attracted me and I fell 3 We were in a disco. Someone told me she had just split 4 We shared the same sense of humour and we got 5 Unfortunately, we had an argument last week and we fell 6 I think about her a lot, so I suppose I havent got a) up with her boyfriend, so I asked her to dance. b) on with each other really well, always laughing and joking together. c) out with each other exactly one year ago. d) over her yet. I miss her very much. e) for her immediately. It was love at first sight. f) out with each other. We havent spoken since. Phrasal verbs with come Match each sentence beginning 1 - 5 with an appropriate ending a) e). 1 I was tidying up in my bedroom when I came 2 My parents are going out tonight. Would you like to come 3 I dont feel very well. I think Im coming 4 Weve seen this word before. I think it came 5 Well, thats the problem. Now all we need to do is come a) round and watch the match on TV with me. b) up in the lesson about dangerous sports. c) across my old school reports. d) up with a solution. e) down with flu. Phrasal verbs with make and do Match each sentence beginning 1 - 8 with an appropriate ending a) h). 1 Put your coat on and do it 2 They bought an old run-down cottage and did it 3 They had a row, but the next day they made it 4 He says its a true story, but I think he made it 5 The quality of the recording was so bad we couldnt make 6 When the guard asked to see her train ticket, Mary made 7 Im really hungry. I could do 8 A mobile phone is essential for my job. I really couldnt do a) up. Its cold outside. b) with something to eat. c) up and theyre closer than ever now. d) out what the speakers were saying. e) without it. f) up. Something like that could never happen. g) out she couldnt understand English. h) up. Now it looks as good as the day it was built. Phrasal Verbs with put The words and phrases in 1 10 below are typical of those which can be used in combination with the phrasal verbs above. Match each group of words and phrases to an appropriate phrasal verb and its meaning. Write the verbs in the spaces provided. There is an example at the beginning (0). Meaning Phrasal Verb Collocates 0 tolerate put up with the neighbours the noise his bad behaviour 1 __________________ __________________ the rent taxes the rate of interest 2 __________________ __________________ three stone ten pounds several kilos 3 __________________ __________________ the wedding a meeting making a decision 4 __________________ __________________ a notice wallpaper Christmas decorations 5 __________________ __________________ the oven the light the heating 6 __________________ __________________ a cigarette a candle a blaze 7 __________________ __________________ make-up sunglasses gloves 8 __________________ __________________ for a few days for the weekend in a hotel 9 __________________ __________________ people talking mobile phones loud music 10 __________________ __________________ camping driving going to football matches Speaking Discuss the following with your partner. Develop your answers as much as possible. 1 What sorts of things put you off when youre trying to work or study? 2 Why do today what you can put off until tomorrow? To what extent does this apply to you? 3 What might put someone off a) camping b) driving c) getting married d) going to football matches? 4 If someone was smoking near you on the bus or train, would you always ask them to put out their cigarette or would you just put up with it? 5 When was the last time someone put you up for the night in their flat or house? 6 Do you think you have lost or put on weight over the last year? Key 1 increase put up 2 increase (weight) put on 3 postpone put off 4 fix to a wall or board put up 5 start sthg working put on 6 extinguish put out 7 place on your body put on 8 accommodate put up 9 distract put off [eg loud music puts me off] [Also: tolerate/put up with] 10 discourage put off [eg the insects put me off camping for life] Phrasal verbs with take The words and phrases in 1 10 below are typical of those which can be used in combination with phrasal verbs with take. Match each group of words and phrases to an appropriate phrasal verb and its meaning. Write the verbs in the spaces provided, using the words in the box. There is an example at the beginning (0). up up on on off after to back in over down Meaning Phrasal Verb Words & Phrases 0 accept take on too much work a new job more responsibility 1 __________________ __________________ photography yoga modelling 2 __________________ __________________ your new boss Madrid his plan 3 __________________ __________________ temporary staff another secretary 300 more employees 4 __________________ __________________ to the library to the shop to the department store 5 __________________ __________________ your shoes a scarf a hat 6 __________________ __________________ the homework my details his name and address 7 __________________ __________________ your mother your father an older relative 8 __________________ __________________ a company a country a job 9 __________________ __________________ a lot of space too much time little room 10 __________________ __________________ the news the information what she said Answers Meaning Phrasal Verb Words & Phrases 0 accept take on too much work a new job more responsibility 1 start a new activity take up photography yoga modelling 2 start to like take to your new boss Madrid his plan 3 employ take on temporary staff another secretary 300 more employees 4 return take back to the library to the shop to the department store 5 remove take off your shoes a scarf a hat 6 make a note of take down the homework my details his name and address 7 resemble take after your mother your father an older relative 8 get control of take over a company a country a job 9 occupy take up a lot of space too much time little room 10 fully understand take in the news the information what she said Phrasal verbs with come come down with a mysterious illness / a bad cold / flu get an illness come up with a good idea / a solution / a plan think of and suggest come up in the last lesson / in the exam / in the conversation be mentioned/discussed come across an abandoned cottage / my old school reports encounter / find by chance come round (to my flat / tonight /. and watch TV) come to your house The Weather a) All the words in each of the groups below can be used in combination with one of the nouns in the box to form strong collocations. For each group of words decide which noun can be used and write it in the appropriate space. The first one has been done for you. sunshine showers sky sea storm clouds rain wind overcast violent clear sky severe _______ stormy electric fine strong heavy ________ gale-force _______ torrential light warm rough brilliant ________ calm _______ glorious choppy thick light storm ________ scattered _______ angry-looking snow b) Study the words for 2 minutes. Then cover up the adjectives and see how many you and your partner can remember for each noun. c) Complete each of the following gaps with an adjective + noun collocation from above. There may be more than one possible answer and you should decide whether a singular or plural form of the noun is required. The first one has been done for you. 1 Torrential rain caused serious flooding throughout the Brighton area at the weekend. 2 I looked up at the sky and saw ____________________________. Id better take my umbrella, I thought. 3 Our small boat was rocked from side to side by the __________________________. 4 The beach was crowded with people enjoying the _________________________. 5 __________________________ can be expected on high ground, though skiing will not be possible for another two or three weeks. 6 Our dog seems to sense when theres going to be a/an ______________________; he starts barking an hour or more before the first flash of lightning. 7 Our garden fence was blown down during the night by __________________________. Habitual Behaviour Match each sentence 1 6 with a sentence a) f) which expresses a similar idea. 1 He usually gets up early. a) Its not like him to get up early. 2 He used to get up early. b) He tends to get up early. 3 Hes used to getting up early. c) Hes always getting up early. 4 He has never got used to getting up early. d) He has not problems getting up early. 5 Its unusual for him to get up early. e) He would get up early. 6 He keeps getting up early. f) He still finds it difficult to get up early. Comparatives Match each sentence 1 6 with a sentence a) f) which expresses a similar idea. 1 Shes far lazier than anyone else. a) She doesnt work nearly as much as she should. 2 She works a lot less than she ought to. b) She has fewer difficulties than before. 3 Shes not quite as lazy as she used to be. c) Everyone works much harder than her. 4 She doesnt have as many problems as she d) Shes more successful when she works used to. harder. 5 Shes the least successful student in the class. e) Shes slightly more hardworking than before. 6 The more she works, the more success she has. f) No one does as badly as she does. Obligation, Necessity & Permission Match each sentence 1 5 with two of the sentences a) j) which both express a similar idea. 1 She was allowed to go out. a) They made her go out. b) She cant go out. 2 She had to go out. c) She didnt have to stay in. d) She ought to go out. 3 Shed better go out. e) Theres no need for her to go out. f) She isnt allowed to go out. 4 She mustnt go out. g) They let her go out. h) She doesnt need to go out. 5 She neednt go out. i) She couldnt stay in. j) She should go out. Present Perfect Match each sentence 1 3 with two of the sentences a) f) which both express a similar idea. 1 I havent done this before. a) Its five years since I started doing this. b) Its five years since I last did this. 2 I havent done this for five years. c) Ive never done this. d) The last time I did this was five years ago. 3 Ive been doing this for five years. e) Its the first time Ive done this. f) I began doing this five years ago. Futures Match each sentence 1 6 with a sentence a) f) which expresses a similar idea. 1 She isnt going to go out. a) Shell probably go out. 2 Shes likely to go out. b) She may not go out. 3 Shes about to go out. c) She isnt planning to go out. 4 She might not go out. d) She wont be at home. 5 Shes unlikely to go out. e) She probably wont go out. 6 Shell have gone out. f) Shes on the point of going out. Quantifiers Match each sentence 1 6 with a sentence a) f) which expresses a similar idea. 1 Theres very little chocolate. a) Theres more than enough chocolate. 2 Theres plenty of chocolate. b) There arent very many chocolates. 3 Theres a large amount of chocolate. c) There isnt very much chocolate. 4 There are a large number of chocolates. d) There are no chocolates. 5 There are very few chocolates. e) There are a lot of chocolates. 6 There arent any chocolates. f) Theres a lot of chocolate. Speculation Match each sentence 1 5 with a sentence a) d) which expresses a similar idea. You will need to use one sentence from a) d) twice. 1 He may have left. a) Im sure hes left. 2 He must have left. b) Im sure hes still here. 3 He couldnt have left. c) Its possible that hes left. 4 He cant have left. d) He seems to have left. 5 It looks as if hes left. Ability Match each sentence 1 4 with two of the sentences a) h) which both express a similar idea. 1 She cant do it. a) Shes incapable of doing it. b) She managed to do it. 2 She couldnt do it. c) Shes able to do it. d) She was incapable of doing it. 3 She was able to do it. e) Shes capable of doing it. f) She succeeded in doing it. 4 She can do it. g) Shes unable to do it. h) She didnt manage to do it. Habitual Behaviour Comparatives 1 b) 2 e) 3 d) 4 f) 5 a) 6 c) 1 c) 2 a) 3 e) 4 b) 5 f) 6 d) Obligation, Necessity & Permission Present Perfect 1 c & g 2 a & i 3 d & j 4 b & f 5 e & h 1 c & e 2 b & d 3 a & f Futures Quantifiers 1 c 2 a 3 f 4 b 5 e 6 d 1 c 2 a 3 f 4 e 5 b 6 d Ability Speculation 1 a & g 2 d & h 3 b & f 4 c & e 1 c 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 d Side A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 My friends have invited me to their wedding. invited I _____________________________ to my friends wedding. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 No one gave me any help with the homework. not I _____________________________ any help with the homework. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Someone is meeting him at the station. met He ___________________________ at the station. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 People say swimming is good exercise for your back. said Swimming __________________________ good exercise for your back. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 People expect that tax cuts will be announced today. be Tax cuts ____________________________ today. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Side B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 My friends have invited me to their wedding. invited I have been invited to my friends wedding. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 No one gave me any help with the homework. not I was not given any help with the homework. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Someone is meeting him at the station. met He is being met at the station. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 People say swimming is good exercise for your back. said Swimming is said to be good exercise for your back. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 People expect that tax cuts will be announced today. be Tax cuts are expected to be announced today. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ thank sbdy _____ blame sbdy _____ (doing) sthg (doing) sthg apologize _____ tell sbdy off _____ (doing) sthg (doing) sthg prevent sbdy _____ discourage sbdy ____ doing sthg doing sthg congratulate sbdy ____ insist ____ (sbdy) doing sthg (doing) sthg save up _____ sthg pay _____ sthg ____ credit card spend money ____ sthg buy sthg _____ credit be (seriously) ____ debt invest _____ sthg lend money _____ sbdy owe money ____ sbdy do sthg _____ purpose do sthg ____ accident do sthg ____ your own do sthg _____ yourself be keen ____ sthg /sbdy be interested ___ sthg / sbdy be fond ____ sthg / sbdy depend ____ sthg / sbdy for for for for from from on on for, by for on on in in to to by on by on in on on of Section 1 The preposition required is different for each item in the same pair. Example: different from . similar to . A ______ accident B ______ myself C spend money _____ sthg ______ purpose ______ my own invest money _____ sthg D be good/bad _______ sport/maths E be keen ___ sthg / sbdy be good/bad _______ your health/teeth be interested ___ sthg / sbdy be fond ___ sthg / sbdy F be ____ ____ work (= unemployed) G pay _____ credit card H be ___ my way home be _____ work with an illness buy sthg ____ credit get ___ sbdys way Section 2 The preposition required is the same for each item in the same group. Example: out of breath out of the question A worry ______ sthg/sbdy B famous ______ sthg C afraid _____ sthg/sbdy dream ______ sthg/sbdy a reason _____ sthg scared ____ sthg/sbdy think ______ sthg/sbdy an explanation _____ sthg frightened ____ sthg/sbdy excited _____ sthg/sbdy terrified ____ sthg/sbdy happy _____ sthg sad _____ sthg D forgive sbdy _____ doing sthg E prevent sbdy ____ doing sthg F throw sthg ____ sbdy thank sbdy _____ doing sthg stop sbdy ____ doing sthg shout _____ sbdy blame sbdy _____ doing sthg discourage sbdy ___ doing sthg laugh _____ sbdy apologize _____ doing sthg tell sbdy off _____ doing sthg G a rise _____ crime H ____ favour ____ sthg I jealous ____ someone a fall _____ interest rates ____ charge ____ sthg proud ____ someone an increase ____ exports ____ control ____ sthg a decrease ____ imports ____ search _____ sthg J an answer ____ a question K ____ theory L _____ average a solution ____ a problem ____ practice _____ the whole _____ second thoughts M concentrate ____ sthg N get used ____ doing something congratulate sbdy ____ doing sthg look forward ____ doing something insist ____ (sbdy) doing sthg O lend money _____ sbdy P pay sbdy ____ sthg owe money ______ sbdy save up ____ sthg Section 3 The prepositions in the following are different from the Spanish equivalents. consist ____ sthg it depends _____ sthg get married _____ someone do research ______ sthg remind sbdy _____ sbdy else/sthg provide sbdy _____ sthg Verbs followed by prepositions 1 Match a sentence beginning (1 9) on the left with a suitable ending (A I) on the right. Complete each of the gaps with an appropriate preposition. Example 1C 1 Id like to thank you for A being late. It wont happen again, I promise. 2 The other driver blamed me ____ B seeing him again, but we met secretly after school every day. 3 I really must apologize ____ C sending me those flowers. It was very kind of you. 4 Shell never be able to forgive him ____ D smoking, parents should set a good example and give it up themselves. 5 Im always being told off ____ E causing the accident, but it really wasnt my fault. 6 My parents tried to prevent me ____ F putting me up for the night, though Id have preferred to stay in a hotel. 7 In order to discourage children ____ G leaving her to bring up the children on her own. 8 Im phoning to congratulate you ____ H laughing in class, but I dont see anything wrong in being happy. 9 My aunt in London insisted ____ I passing all your exams. You deserved to do well. 2 Talk to your partner about the last time you apologised were told off were congratulated thanked someone were prevented from doing something Money Complete each of the gaps with an appropriate preposition. Choose from: on in for by to In each section (a e) the preposition required for both gaps is the same. Are you saving up ______ anything at the moment? How much will you have to pay _____ it? b What do you like spending your money ______? How common is it for people to buy things _____ credit a) in your country b) in your family? c What are the advantages and disadvantages of paying _____ credit card and paying ______ cheque? d Imagine you were seriously ______ debt. How many possible ways are there of solving your problem? What do you think are the safest companies to invest _____ in your country at the moment? e If a friend of yours asked to borrow 50 from you, would you lend it _____ them? Does anyone owe any money ______ you at the moment? Work with a partner and discuss each of the questions in 2 above. Dont forget to ask each other further questions and develop your own answers. The position of the questions relative to the text is important in helping us decide on suitable strategies to adopt. Questions placed before the text suggest we should read the questions first; questions placed after the text encourage us to read the text first before we look at the questions. Part 1 Multiple choice The questions are printed after the text. 1 Read the title and introduction, and predict the possible content of the text. 2 Before you look at the questions, quickly read through the whole text to get an idea of the content. Check the predictions you made in 1 above. 3 Read each question carefully and find the parts of the text which relate to each one. In Part 1 of the Reading Paper, the questions follow the same order as the information in the text. [The final question may apply to the whole text.] Dont choose your answers yet. In the margin mark the general area of the text which is relevant to each question. 4 For each question eliminate the options which are clearly wrong and choose the best answer. Underline key phrases or sentences in the text which help you make your choice. 5 Re-read the questions. Do the options you have chosen accurately reflect the information you have underlined in the text? Part 2 Gapped text The main, or base, text is printed before the missing sentences. 1 Read the title and introduction, and predict the possible content of the text. 2 Read through the base text (the main text with the gaps) and check your predictions. 3 Try to predict the content of the missing sentences by looking carefully at the text before and after each gap. 4 Read the missing sentences and try to decide where each one should go. Remember, there is one extra sentence. Underline words or phrases which show links between base text and missing sentences. 5 Check your answers by reading the whole text again to ensure that it makes sense. Check that the extra sentence does not fit into any of the gaps. Part 3 Multiple matching The questions are printed before the texts. The wording of the following instructions assumes there are a number of short texts: the procedure is the same for a continuous text which has been divided into sections. 1 Read all the questions to see the kind of information you are looking for. As you do so, underline key words in the questions. 2 Read through all the texts quite quickly to get a general idea of their content. 3 Read the first text, then look again at the questions, answering any that you can. Underline those parts of the text which help you make your choice. 4 Do the same for the remaining texts. 5 If there are any questions you have not answered, scan the texts again looking for the specific information you need. Handle with Care After recent news stories of drug-taking amongst teenage models in the care of their model agencies, the catwalk world has once again come under public scrutiny. Jess Hallett used to be a booker, taking bookings for models, organizing their itineraries and generally running their lives. She talks about what she had to do in order to protect her girls. While bad behaviour in the modelling world evidently exists, there are many in the fashion industry who work very hard to try and make sure it doesnt. With all my experience I should know. I I spent almost ten years as a booker and became emotionally involved with almost every girl in my care. I left because I didnt have the energy to be a kind of substitute mother to yet another beautiful teenager. Bookers care for and protect these young models to such a point that they are often too tired at the end of the day even to go home. We did all kinds of things for our girls. Sometimes we had to talk to them and cheer them up even when they did get the job they wanted; such as the cover of Italian Vogue or the Chanel show in Paris. They were terrified they were going to do it badly and the booker would reassure them and tell them they looked fantastic. The trend of using girls as young as 14 or 15 means a lot of responsibility. The consequences of not taking good care of them are too huge for any agency to consider. Backstage at any show in New York, Paris or Milan, you see bookers from all over the world, there to support their girls and make sure that another agency doesnt try to attract them with a better contract. Ill never forget the time when Charles de Gaulle airport was closed down because of a strike and Kate Moss had to get to Paris for a very important job. The Channel Tunnel hadnt been built then, so I flew with her to Brussels with the idea of getting the train from there. The whole journey took 12 hours, but with a studio full of people waiting for her at the other end, we had no choice. One danger we had to protect models from was their parents. It was quite clear that she was humiliated by his behaviour and wasnt at all interested in being a model. There were some parents who would let their daughter go alone to fashion shoots if it meant fame and fortune. At the model agency where I worked, parents were usually encouraged to get involved in their daughters careers and travelled with them whenever they could. The fact is that the majority of girls love the lifestyle. The Russian model Lida Egorova, told me recently how happy she was, working with creative and talented people. She was wealthy and living in Paris; and the night before she had met Madonna at a party. What more could any girl want? A One father insisted that his daughter was better-looking than anyone in Vogue and complained about me to my boss because I wouldnt employ her. B If you dont look after them properly, then someone else will. C Others never allowed them to go anywhere unaccompanied. D Whether it was because they were having a hard time at school, had split up with their boyfriend, or hadnt got a job they really wanted, their booker was the one they talked to. E And considering how many of them there are nowadays, you dont hear many complaints. F However, it seemed that the rest of Europe had the same idea, so we had to persuade a taxi driver to take us all the way to Paris. G She said she was having a wonderful time and couldnt imagine doing any other job. H Models tend to travel a lot, and whenever necessary a booker will accompany her on a trip. Writing Marking The categories in the box are used by examiners when marking Paper 2 answers. Match each category to the general advice and information in a) h) below. The first one has been done for you. Content Target Reader Accuracy Range Organization & cohesion Range . a) Use a variety of vocabulary, even if you are unsure of the correct spelling. b) Avoid repetition of vocabulary wherever possible. _____________ c) Ensure that your answer addresses all the essential points in the task. d) Candidates who develop the content points in Part 1 generally score higher marks. _____________ e) Write in clear paragraphs of a suitable length. f) Points need to be appropriately ordered and connected. _____________ g) Write your answer in a style which is appropriate to the task and the person or people for whom it is intended. _____________ h) Avoid making too many mistakes, particularly basic ones or ones which prevent understanding. Planning The sentences below show the stages to follow when planning and checking your written work. Match each stage 1 8 to the piece of general advice in a) h) above to which it corresponds. Example: 1 c 1 Read the task at least twice, underlining key information and requirements. 2 Consider how you might expand the points in Part 1 using relevant ideas and information. 3 Decide whether you should use more formal, informal or neutral English. 4 Make a list of ideas for your answer, then select the best ones and arrange them into logical groupings. This is your basic plan. 5 Note down words and expressions which might be suitable for linking your ideas. 6 Write down relevant words, collocations and structures which you might be able to include in your answer. 7 Add to this list synonyms for key words which are likely to occur more than once in your answer. This includes basic words such as happy, good, beautiful, important. 8 When you have written your answer, check spelling, punctuation and grammar (eg tenses, word order, question formation, plural forms, irregular past tenses). Checking Read your partners piece of written work and answer the questions in the categories below. Contenta Are all the main points included in the answer? b Is the content of the answer relevant?Organization and cohesiona Is the answer organized into suitable paragraphs? b Are ideas connected with appropriate linking words and presented in a logical order? c Does the answer begin and end appropriately?Range a Is there a good variety of vocabulary and structures? b Has the writer managed to avoid repetition of language? c Has he/she copied whole phrases from the question (Part 1)?AccuracyDo you notice any mistakes of grammar, spelling or punctuation?Target readera Is the style appropriate to the task/reader? Is it consistent? b Would the answer achieve the desired effect on the target reader? 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